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Biomedical subjects

K Kano

Publications and source records attributed to K Kano.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Effects of long term intravenous administration of ethanol on rat pancreas.

Pancreatic exocrine function and morphologic changes were investigated in groups of rats receiving solutions of ethanol by oral or intravenous route, or equicaloric doses of glucose solution by intravenous route daily for a period of 4 weeks. Comparable degrees of exocrine dysfunction and morphologic changes in the pancreas at the ultrastructural level were observed in the groups given ethanol orally and in those receiving i.v. injections of ethanol, suggesting that neither intragastric ingestion nor high blood levels of alcohol is required for alcohol to exert its pancreatotoxic effects. All groups of rats receiving ethanol or glucose showed signs and pathologic findings of nutritional disorder, and at 4 weeks of treatment, electron microscopic abnormalities of the pancreas were more pronounced and higher in incidence in the groups given ethanol p.o. or i.v. than in the groups given i.v. doses of glucose. There was no microscopic evidence of protein plug or other changes in the region of origin of the pancreatic duct system in rats after 18 months of oral administration of ethanol. The present findings indicate that the cytotoxic effect of alcohol on acinar cells and nutritional disorder associated with alcohol ingestion constitute important factors in the pathogenesis of chronic alcoholic pancreatitis.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1983

Milk of northern fur seal: composition, especially carbohydrate and protein.

The milk of northern fur seal was analyzed with special interest in carbohydrate and protein. High solids (61%) and fat (45.6%) were characteristics of its gross composition. Fatty acid distribution showed that more than 22% of the fatty acids had carbon chains longer than 20 and that approximately 70% contained one or more double bonds. Analysis of free sugars showed no lactose but 123 mg/100 ml of myo-inositol. In carbohydrates bound to casein, .99% of sialic acid and .2% of glucosamine were determined. The amino acid composition of casein showed higher tryptophan, lysine, serine, and glycine than bovine casein, and lower arginine, proline, and leucine. In whey, arginine, threonine, and valine were higher, whereas lysine, aspartic acid, isoleucine, and leucine were lower than in bovine whey. Amino acid patterns in casein and whey were similar to those of cat milk. The appearance of casein micelles was similar to bovine casein micelles. The mean diameter, however, was larger (approximately 330 nm). Electrophoretic pattern of casein showed five major bands in addition to minor components. One of the minor components was a glycoprotein, probably kappa-casein-like protein. The major whey protein had a mobility similar to that of bovine beta-lactoglobulin. No alpha-lactalbumin-like protein was observed.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1983

Expression of heterophil Forssman antigen on cultured malignant cell lines.

By means of indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) tests with rabbit antiserum against Forssman (F) antigen, F-antigen was demonstrated on 5 of 7 cultured cell lines originating from various cancer tissues. Results of cytotoxicity tests with normal human sera with F-antibodies confirmed the presence of F-antigen on these "IIF-positive" cell lines. In contrast, F-antigen could not be detected under the same experimental conditions on B-cell lines established from lymphoma or leukemia patients or on lymphoblastoid cell lines established from normal individuals. The expression of F-antigen was also studied on transformed rat cell lines derived from an F-negative normal cell line, 3y1. Transformation of the 3y1 line by whole DNA or by the EcoRI-C fragment (0-16 map unit) but not by the Accl-H fragment (0-4.7 map unit) of adenovirus type 12 resulted in expression of F-antigen on the cell surface. The transformed cells with F-antigen showed an in vitro growth pattern characteristic of that seen in malignant cells; this observation indicates that F-antigen expression is closely associated with malignant transformation of the cells.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1983

[Effect of extended chemotherapy using tegafur following surgery of stage III stomach cancer].

The effect of postoperative long-term chemotherapy was evaluated in 89 patients who were treated with daily oral administration of 600-800 mg of tegafur for 2 years after gastrectomized because of stage III stomach cancer in our department from 1975 to 1977. Other 128 patients, as control, were given no chemotherapy after undergoing an operation from April, 1967 to the end of 1974. The minimum, crude 5-year-survival rate in the group given chemotherapy was significantly higher (57.3%) than that in the control group (35.2%). Twenty-six patients without lymphnode metastasis and 36 patients with n1 (+) metastasis in the treated group showed significantly higher 5-year-survival rate of 77% and 64%, respectively compared to the control group (46% and 33%, respectively). The patients having n2 (+) metastasis in the treated group, however, showed no significantly higher 5-year-survival rate (30%) compared to the comparable patients in the control (17%). The 5-year-survival rate in 54 cases treated with the total dose of more than 200 g of the drug was 78%, whereas that in other 35 cases receiving lesser dose was 26%. Furthermore, 35 cases given more than 300 g of the drug showed the 5-year-survival rate of 88.6%. These data showed that a postoperative long-term chemotherapy with tegafur remarkably improved the 5-year-survival rate of the patients with stage III stomach cancer, especially when given for more than 18 months at the total dosis of more than 300 g.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Heterophile antibodies in middle ear effusions.

By means of hemolysis in agar gel, heterophile antibodies were demonstrated in middle ear effusions (MEEs) and corresponding sera of patients with otitis media with effusion. These antibodies were shown to belong to the IgM class. Absorption and inhibition studies revealed that these antibodies were of Forssman or Hanganutziu-Deicher specificity or a mixture of both. In some patients, titers of these heterophile antibodies were substantially higher in MEE than in corresponding sera, suggesting that a local immune system similar to gut-associated lymphoid tissue or bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue may operate in the middle ear.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Serum 25 (OH) D and 24,25 (OH)2 levels in childhood nephrosis under different therapeutic regimens of steroid administration.

The effect of prednisone therapy on serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [24,25(OH)2D] was investigated in 16 children with nephrotic syndrome. These serum levels were significantly lower in patients before prednisone therapy than in age- and season-matched normal subjects. Patients receiving daily prednisone therapy had lower serum levels than those receiving alternate-day prednisone therapy at the time when the total amounts of the steroid administered attained 1,500 or 2,000 mg/m2 of body surface area. Daily doses of 40 mg/m2 of prednisone for 3 days caused a significant decrease in serum 25(OH)D levels. Withdrawal of the steroid for 4 consecutive days was followed by a significant recovery of the serum levels. These results suggest that alternate-day prednisone therapy rather than daily treatment should be used in clinical practice to help maintain normal vitamin D metabolism.

Child↗
PubMed1982

Hanganutziu-Deicher antibodies in infectious mononucleosis and other diseases.

An enzyme immunoassay (EIA) was developed for the detection of heterophile, Hanganutziu-Deicher (H-D) antibodies in sera of patients with infectious mononucleosis (IM) and various other diseases. The EIA with a high m.w. glycoprotein (HMWGP) isolated from bovine erythrocyte stromata was shown to detect H-D antibodies directly, in spite of higher titers of Paul-Bunnell (P-B) antibodies in the IM sera. Absorption and inhibition studies of IM sera demonstrated H-D specificity of the antibodies combining with HMWGP in the EIA. The H-D antibodies were found in sera of 56% Caucasians and 27% of Japanese suffering from IM. The vast majority of the H-D antibodies in IM sera was of IgM class. Sera of patients with various other diseases also gave positive results: rheumatoid arthritis, 22%; syphilis, 19%; cancer of the gastrointestinal tract, 13%; and lepromatous leprosy 9.7%. The incidence of positive results in control sera from apparently healthy subjects was less than 4%. Results of this study confirmed our previous observation that whereas P-B antigens appear in immunogenic form in only IM, the H-D antigen is expressed as an immunogen in various diseases including IM.

Antibodies, Heterophile↗
PubMed1981

Serological and immunohistological studies on lepromatous leprosy.

Sera of patients with lepromatous leprosy were studied for the presence of a variety of antibodies and immune complexes (IC). The frequencies of heterophile, Hanganutziu-Deicher and Forssman antibodies were 61 and 43%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in other diseases. The frequency of antibodies to cardiolipin was 89% and the frequency of rheumatoid factor was 34%. Circulating IC were demonstrated in 54% of the patients' sera by Raji-cell test and in 43% by anti-antibody inhibition test. Analyses of immunoglobulin classes of IC revealed that IgG was predominant in IC of patients with lepra reaction (LR) and IgM in patients without LR. Immune deposits were found in and between cells of dermis in skin biopsy specimens of patients with LR.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Detection of HLA-DRw specificities by mixed agglutination.

By means of mixed agglutination test with staphylococcal protein A indicator system, DRw antigens were studied on lymphocytes obtained from tonsils, peripheral blood and thymuses. Monospecific antisera to DRw 1, 2, 3, 6 and 7 which were preadsorbed with pooled platelets gave mixed agglutination titers of 300 or more against B cells of human tonsilar lymphocytes and peripheral blood lymphocytes. The DR phenotypes of human tonsilar lymphocytes and peripheral blood lymphocytes determined by mixed agglutination tests corresponded to those established by lymphocytotoxicity tests. Upon stimulation of thymocytes or T cells of peripheral blood lymphocytes by Con-A, DRw antigens became detectable by mixed agglutination tests. Simultaneous experiments on the stimulated T cells of peripheral blood lymphocytes by membrane fluorescence tests showed that 21-45% of the stimulated T cells possessed DRw antigens at a detectable level, while less than 2% of unstimulated cells were positive. These results indicated that DRw antigens are present in the subpopulation of T cells which may expand in the response to Con-A stimulation.

Agglutination Tests↗