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Biomedical subjects

K Kano

Publications and source records attributed to K Kano.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Mixed passive hemagglutination with soluble platelet antigens.

Mixed passive hemagglutination (MPHA) test was established using platelet-supernatant and indicator cells coated with purified antihuman IgG antibodies. The supernatant was shown to contain HLA A and B antigens, platelet alloantigens and blood group A, B and H antigens released spontaneously from the platelets. Unlike the MPHA with platelet monolayer, the in vitro-formed immune complex (IC) or IC containing pathologic sera did not give positive reactions in the MPHA with platelet supernatants presumably due to relatively low Fc receptor activities of the supernatants. By means of this test, HLA A or B antibodies were demonstrated in sera of 32 (44%) of 72 patients with multiple platelet transfusions including 'cytotoxicity negative absorption positive' sera. This test would provide a sensitive procedure for cross-match of sera of recipients of platelet transfusion and screening of HLA A and B typing sera.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1984

Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity against HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-DR specificities.

HLA specificity of alloantibodies involved in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) was investigated using PHA-induced lymphoblasts ( PLB ) from peripheral blood and Epstein-Barr virus-induced human lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL). The ADCC activity with PLB sensitized by HLA-A or HLA-B antibodies was relatively low, but higher than that of control. DR antibodies completely failed to sensitize PLB for ADCC. LCL sensitized by corresponding DR antibodies gave strong ADCC reactions, independent from their D phenotypes. The ADCC reactions against LCL were abolished by absorption of the DR antibodies from the alloantisera. Thus the ADCC with LCL would provide a procedure to study the role of DR antibodies in chronic rejection of long-term renal allografts.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMed1984

Direct in vitro effect of thyroid hormones on 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 metabolism in the perfused rat kidney.

We have shown that thyroid hormones have a direct effect on the renal metabolism of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3). Using a new high performance chromatographic technique based upon a cyano-bonded packing, we studied the metabolism of [26,27-3H]25OHD3 in the isolated perfused rat kidney in vitro. We measured the rate of synthesis of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [24,25-(OH)2D3], 24-oxo-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [24-oxo-25OHD3], and 24-oxo-23,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [24-oxo-23,25-(OH)2D3] by the kidneys of vitamin D-replete [D(+)] rats and the rate of synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] by the kidneys of vitamin D-deplete [D(-)] rats. Synthesis of 24,25-(OH)2D3 increased significantly at 2 and 6 h of perfusion in perfused kidneys treated with T3, T4, and TSH as compared to untreated controls. Synthesis of 24-oxo-25OHD3 increased at 2 and 6 h and that of 24-oxo-23,25-(OH)2D3 increased at 6 h in T3- and TSH-treated groups. Perfused kidneys from vitamin D(-) rats treated with T3, T4, and TSH synthesized significantly decreased amounts of 1,25-(OH)2D3 at 2, 4, and 6 h. TRH treatment of kidneys from either vitamin D(+) or D(-) rats caused no significant changes in synthesis of any vitamin D metabolites when compared with appropriate controls. These results suggest T3, T4, and perhaps TSH, but not TRH, have a direct effect on renal 25OHD3 metabolism.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Results of surgical treatment of gastric cancer--special reference to pathological findings.

During 16 year period from 1967 to 1982, a total of 1,471 patients with gastric cancer were surgically treated at the authors' clinic and 1,347 of them underwent gastric resection. The 5-year survival rate for 692 of curatively operated patients was 73.8%, in contrast to 11.8% for non-curatively operated cases. A correlation study disclosed the depth of cancer infiltration and the extent of lymphnode metastasis to be most reliable prognostic factors. The 5-year survival rate for stage I cases was 91.0%, 70.0% for stage II, 46.7% for stage III, and 8.6% for stage IV. An improvement in the end-results was attributed mainly to the increased incidence of early cancer in surgical cases, and partially to proper adjuvant chemotherapy for the advanced cancer cases during or long-term after surgery. In fact, the cases of early gastric carcinoma whose depth invasion was limited within the mucosa or submucosa constituted 41.9% of the authors' surgical series in 1967-1982, and 5-year survival rates of patients in stages II, III and IV receiving cancer chemotherapy strikingly improved to 80.6%, 57.3%, and 13.2%, in contrast to 59.7%, 35.2% and 2.4% for control groups not treated with anticancer agents.

Humans↗
PubMed1984

Serological interactions among sera of human renal graft recipients.

Serological interactions among sera of human renal graft recipients in double diffusion in gel were observed by chance. Antigen was detected in six of 127 recipients and antibody in two of 30 recipients tested. One of the six recipients carrying the antigen had also antibody in one serum sample. On the basis of the pattern of reactions observed, the hypothesis was expressed that the described antigen-antibody system had "pan" rather than "allo" character.

Antigen-Antibody Reactions↗
PubMed1984

Aberrant expression of Forssman and Paul-Bunnell antigens on lymph node cells of MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice.

Lymph node cells (LNC) of MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice (MRL/1) and congeneic MRL/Mp-+/+ (MRL/n) mice were studied by means of flow fluorocytometry for the expression of heterophile Forssman (F) and Paul-Bunnell (P-B) antigens. The level of F antigen on LNC of MRL/1, but not on those of MRL/n mice, increased progressively with age and reached its maximum at 4 mo of age. No such increase in F antigen on LNC of age-matched C3H/HeJms, C57BL/6, and AKR mice was observed. In contrast, the level of P-B antigen on LNC of MRL/1 mice was significantly lower than that of MRL/n and the normal mice. F-positive LNC of MRL/1 mice were shown to be T cells with Thy-1.2 and Lyt-1 markers; those cells expanded in the lymph nodes and were responsible for the development of the massive lymphadenopathy. Studies on LNC of F1 hybrids between MRL/1 and MRL/n mice, and animals of the subsequent F2 generation provided evidence that the aberrant expression of F and P-B antigens was under the influence of the autosomal recessive lpr gene and was segregated together with the lymphadenopathy into the F2 generation. The aberrant expression of F and P-B antigens reflects the alteration of terminal carbohydrate structure of glycolipids and glycoproteins on the membrane of the LNC. It is tempting, therefore, to speculate that such alterations in the membrane structure might represent disturbances in cellular recognition resulting in unusual expansion of the T cells in the early life of MRL/1 mice.

Absorption↗
PubMed1984

Studies on Paul-Bunnell (P-B) antigen-antibody system. V. Immunoglobulin classes of P-B antibodies.

By means of enzyme immunoassay (EIA) with purified Paul-Bunnell (P-B) antigen of bovine erythrocytes and sera of infectious mononucleosis, P-B antibodies of IgG (92%), IgM (94%), IgA (77%), and IgE (64%) classes were demonstrated. Absorption and inhibition studies ascertained the P-B specificity of the antibodies of all four classes. Absorption of selected IM sera with sheep erythrocytes revealed the presence of both BS and B antibodies of P-B specificity in these sera. In three IM patients whose sequential serum samples were studied, P-B antibodies of all four classes appeared and reached their peaks within a few weeks after the onset of the disease, persisted for a month, and sharply declined thereafter.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1984

Immunological studies on Kawasaki disease. I. Appearance of Hanganutziu-Deicher antibodies.

Sera of patients with Kawasaki disease were studied for heterophile antibodies by means of enzyme immunoassay (EIA) with enzyme conjugated antisera to human IgM, IgG, IgA and IgE. Antibodies of IgM (43%), IgG (3%), IgA (11%) and IgE (49%) classes were demonstrated that combined with high molecular weight glycoprotein (HMWGP) of bovine red blood cells (BRBC) one of the antigenic preparations of the Hanganutziu-Deicher (H-D) heterophile system. Studies on sequential sera of the patients revealed that HMWGP antibodies of IgM and IgE classes began to appear in the second week, reached their peaks in the third week of the disease and declined gradually thereafter. Absorption studies on the positive sera showed that the HMWGP antibody activities were abolished by BRBC, sheep red blood cells and guinea-pig kidney tissues, confirming H-D specificity of these antibodies. EIA inhibition studies showed that the antibody activity was inhibited by HMWGP and partially by asialo-HMWGP and NGNA ganglioside rich preparation of BRBC but not by purified Paul-Bunnell or Forssman antigens. These results indicate that the H-D antibodies under investigation consist of antibodies of two different specificities; one directed against asialo-HMWGP and the other NGNA ganglioside of BRBC. Circulating immune complexes (IC) were demonstrated in 23% of the patients by means of anti-antibody inhibition test. Evidence was presented that IC in the sera of five patients were composed of H-D (HMWGP) antigen and its corresponding antibodies.

Antibodies, Heterophile↗
PubMed1984

Expression of heterophil Forssman antigen as glycoprotein on transformed rat cell lines: shedding of the antigen from the cells.

Monoclonal Forssman (F) antibodies of the IgM class were obtained by hybridization of spleen cells from an immunized F344 rat with murine myeloma cells. By means of the indirect immunofluorescence test with monoclonal F-antibodies, F-antigen was demonstrated on rat cell lines derived from a normal cell line that was transformed by transfection with whole adenovirus type 12 DNA or a fragment (E1a + E1b) of adenovirus type 12 DNA. These transformed cells were shown to shed the F-antigen into the culture supernatant, depending on their degree of malignancy. The F-antigen was demonstrated in a glycoprotein, but not in a glycolipid fraction of the supernatants. The glycoprotein purified by affinity chromatography was subjected to gel electrophoresis and subsequent Western blotting. The F-active molecules were identified as three distinct bands of approximately 130,000, 60,000, and 27,000.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1984

Mixed agglutination with guinea pig tissue sediments for detection of heterophile antibodies.

Mixed agglutination (MA) test with sediments of guinea pig kidney (GPK) homogenates and indicator red blood cells of bovine (BRBC) or sheep (SRBC) origin was established for detection of human heterophile antibodies. By means of MA test with BRBC indicator cells, heterophile antibodies of Hanganutziu-Deicher (H-D) specificity were demonstrated in sera of patients with syphilis (20%), lepromatous leprosy (57%), infectious mononucleosis (45%), Chediak-Higashi syndrome (73%), Kawasaki disease (58%), multiple sclerosis (58%), and leukemias (13%), as well as in sera of subjects who received injections of foreign species sera (20%). Some but not all BRBC-positive sera gave positive MA tests when SRBC were employed as indicator cells. None of 13 multiple myeloma sera tested gave positive results. The incidence of positive reactions in normal human sera was 3%. Neutralization of H-D antibodies in representative pathologic sera by purified heterophile antigens showed that the antibodies under investigation were mostly directed against antigen(s) of high molecular weight glycoprotein, but not N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (NGNA) ganglioside fraction of BRBC.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1984

Paul-Bunnell antigen in normal human tissues.

The BS antigen, the component of the Paul-Bunnell (P-B) antigen complex that is shared by bovine (BRBC) and sheep red blood cells (SRBC), was demonstrated in chloroform-methanol extracts from peripheral blood leukocytes of 4 of 26 healthy young individuals. One of the extracts formed a precipitation line with infectious mononucleosis (IM) sera, which merged into a reaction of identity with the corresponding line formed by the purified P-B antigen of BRBC. The BS antigen of the P-B complex was also demonstrated in tissue sediments of an apparently normal human kidney by means of mixed agglutination test with IM sera and trypsinized BRBC as the indicator. Results of this study suggest that the BS antigen is expressed in normal tissues of some individuals as an intracellular antigen, whereas in various pathologic conditions it is expressed as cell-surface antigen and/or appears in a soluble form in the patient's circulation.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The isolation and identification of two new metabolites of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 produced in the kidney.

We have demonstrated in this paper the isolation and identification of two new metabolites of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) from the kidney of the vitamin D-replete rat. These are 24-oxo-23(25-(OH)2D3 and 24,25,26,27-tetranor-23(OH)D3. Both compounds logically fit on the same metabolic pathway. 25(OH)D3 leads to 24(R),25-(OH)2D3 leads to 24-oxo-25(OH)D3 leads to 24-oxo-23,25-(OH)2D3 leads to leads to 24,25,26,27-tetranor-23(OH)D3 Each metabolite on this pathway was isolated and identified from kidneys perfused with pharmacological concentrations of 25(OH)D3. All metabolites were identified by techniques involving high performance liquid chromatography, UV spectrophotometry, and mass spectrometry. Use of 24(R),25-(OH)2D3 as the substrate gave rise to increased amounts of 24-oxo-25(OH)D3, 24-oxo-23,25-(OH)2D3, and 24,25,26,27-tetranor-23(OH)D3. In vitro studies involving perfusion of a vitamin D-replete kidney with 25(OH)D3 at a concentration of 25 nM suggest that 24-oxo-23,25-(OH)2D3 is also formed under physiological conditions. At this substrate concentration, 24(R),25-(OH)2D3 represented the major metabolite accumulating in the perfusate over the initial 2-h period but at subsequent times the concentration of 24-oxo-23,25-(OH)2D3 increased so that by the end of 6 h it was the major product remaining in the perfusate. Our work also suggests that the rate of synthesis of 25(OH)D3-26,23-lactone is measurable in the intact mammalian kidney but that it is slower than the synthesis of 24(R),25-(OH)2D3 and its metabolites.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Studies on Paul--Bunnell (P-B) antigen--antibody system. IV. Unresponsiveness to one of P-B antigens in infectious mononucleosis.

Sera of 198 patients with infectious mononucleosis (IM), which were obtained during the 3rd or 4th week of the disease, were studied for the presence of antibodies to BS and B antigens of the Paul--Bunnell (P-B) antigenic complex. Six of these IM patients had anti-B antibodies without or with very low-titer anti-BS antibodies and the remaining patients had both types of antibodies at high titers. These 6 IM patients would have been misdiagnosed as seronegative if the traditional P-B tests with sheep erythrocytes had been employed. BS antigen was demonstrated in a large amount in chloroform-methanol extracts of peripheral blood buffy coat and of erythrocytes obtained from 1 of the 6 patients during the 3rd week of the disease and right after recovery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

A human B-cell line (BES-1) forming rosettes with sheep erythrocytes, producing Forssman antibody, and phagocytizing sheep erythrocytes.

A lymphoid cell line, designated BES-1, belonging to "lymphoblastoid cell lines with B-cell properties (B-LCL)" and derived from some normal B lymphocytes, was established in an attempt at primary culture of peripheral blood from a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). BES-1 cells unexpectedly formed rosettes with sheep erythrocytes (SRBC), which are usually a T-cell marker, and phagocytized SRBC. Subsequent study indicated that BES-1 cells produce antibody specific to Forssman (F) antigen, but not to Paul-Bunnell (P-B) or Hanganutzin-Deicher (H-D) antigen.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Inhibition of retrovirus RNA-dependent DNA polymerase by novobiocin and nalidixic acid.

Inhibitors of bacterial DNA gyrase and eukaryotic DNA topoisomerase (novobiocin and nalidixic acid) were investigated with respect to their effect on the activity of RNA-dependent DNA polymerases from murine and avian retroviruses. Purified RNA-dependent DNA polymerase from AKR virus was inhibited more than 90% by 0.3 mg/ml and almost completely by 1 mg/ml of the drugs when poly(A) X oligo(dT)12-18 was used as a template-primer. In contrast to the enzyme from AKR virus, purified enzyme from avian myeloblastosis virus was less sensitive, i.e. nearly 50% activity remained even in the presence of 1 mg/ml of the drugs with the same template-primer. RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity in AKR virus particles was inhibited, but was resistant to low concentrations of the drugs. The inhibition was not due to specific interaction between drugs and the template-primer or labelled precursor, since RNA-dependent DNA polymerase was inhibited by the drugs with activated calf thymus DNA or poly(C) X oligo(dG)12-18 as the template. Endogenous DNA synthesis by AKR virus particles was inhibited by novobiocin to the same extent.

AKR murine leukemia virus↗
PubMed1983

Rectification of immunological abnormalities and lupus nephritis by the transfer of bone marrow cells.

Two-month old MRL/1 mice, which spontaneously develop lymphoproliferative syndrome and severe lupus nephritis at 4-5 months of age, were irradiated and reconstituted with bone marrow cells from a congenic strain MRL/n mice. In the chimeric (n----1) mice, the early onset of the lupus nephritis was prevented as evidenced by decrease in the degree of proteinuria, diminished intensity of immune deposits in glomeruli, and milder histopathologic changes in kidneys. Lymph node swelling as well as generation of a large number of splenic IgSC was also prevented. Anti-ss DNA antibody response in the chimeric mice, however, varied tremendously from one animal to another.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Studies on the Paul-Bunnell antigen-antibody system. III. Detection of a Paul-Bunnell-related antigen in syphilis and leprosy.

By means of double-diffusion precipitation tests in agarose gel with selected infectious mononucleosis (IM) sera, an antigen was detected in sera of patients with syphilis and leprosy. Of 378 syphilis sera tested 39 (10.3%) and of 36 leprosy sera 7 (19.4%) gave positive results. Sera of patients with various other diseases were negative. This antigen was demonstrable in sera of patients with both early and late syphilis and was shown to be unrelated to cardiolipin. Absorption studies of the IM sera with bovine and sheep erythrocytes and guinea pig tissues revealed that this antigen was identical with or closely related to the previously described B antigen of the Paul-Bunnel (P-B) antigenic complex and distinct from heterophile antigens of Hanganutziu-Deicher (H-D) and of Forssman specificity. However, 2 of 89 syphilis sera without the P-B antigen were shown to contain antigen(s) of H-D specificity. None of the syphilis or the leprosy sera contained P-B antibodies, but H-D antibodies were found in 13% of syphilis sera.

Animals↗