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Biomedical subjects

K Jonderko

Publications and source records attributed to K Jonderko.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Various patterns of behavior in patients with ulcerative colitis and duodenal ulcer].

The subject of the study was in a trial of evaluation of selected behavioral patterns in patients with ulcerative colitis and acidpeptic disease of duodenum. As an evaluation method was employed the psychometric method consisting of the use of Nonconventional Adjectives Test the usefulness of which was confirmed in previous publications. The group of patients studied consisted of 65 persons with duodenal acid-peptic disease, 41 persons with ulcerative colitis and 72 healthy subject as a control group. The results obtained presented in a graphical manner reflected the psychological differences between above groups. Patients with ulcerative colitis were characterized by an increased fineness, sensibility or emotionality whereas those with duodenal acid-peptis disease selected adjectives indicating the lowered ability of self-control and of control on other people when compared with health subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Comparative analysis of quantitative gastric emptying indices and power-exponential modelling of gastric emptying curves.

A comparative study was undertaken on the problems of choosing a reliable measure of gastric emptying (GE). The study was based on 218 GE measurements of a radiolabelled solid meal. Power-exponential fitting of GE curves was shown to provide an excellent mathematical approximation to experimental data - a coefficient of determination r2 greater than equal to 0.90 was obtained in the case of 96.3% GE curves. A range of indices was derived from the data, namely, the time to reach the maximum of a GE curve, the area under a GE curve, the mean transit time (and mean transit time during the ninety minutes of the examination), the emptying index, the GE half-time t 1/2 and the shape factor S. On the basis of between-subject variability (3.9% coefficient of variation) and reproducibility (coefficient of variation for paired examinations, CVp = 3.2%), the mean transit time calculated over the period of the GE study (MTT90) was found to be the best GE measure. The versatility of the power-exponential method was confirmed by the analysis of mathematical curves designed to mimic a range of real life emptying patterns, and the relationships between the derived parameters were also investigated.

Anti-Ulcer Agents↗
PubMed1989

Effect of calcitonin on gastric emptying in patients with an active duodenal ulcer.

In a double blind placebo controlled study the effect of calcitonin on gastric emptying and on serum concentrations of gastrin, insulin, glucose, calcium and phosphorus after a mixed solid-liquid meal was examined in eight patients with duodenal ulcer. Synthetic salmon calcitonin 415 pmol iv was given as a bolus followed by a 90 minute infusion to reach an overall dose of 62.25 pmol/kg. Gastric emptying of a radiolabelled meal was measured with a gamma camera. Calcitonin markedly delayed gastric emptying in all patients examined. The emptying index (Ix) decreased from 2.979 (0.397)/min after placebo to 0.896 (0.317)/min after calcitonin (p less than 0.001). Calcitonin did not affect significantly postprandial gastrin release: AUC0-90, 8768 (880) pg/l min (placebo) and 7807 (619) pg/l min (calcitonin). Postprandial insulin release was abolished by calcitonin -Auc0-90, 2258 (242) mU/l min (placebo) v 736 (131) mU/l min (calcitonin), p less than 0.001. Parallel to the suppression of insulin release was a steady increase in the serum glucose during calcitonin infusion, with the highest glucose concentration of 5.8 (0.53) mmol/l at the end of infusion of the hormone. Calcitonin did not change significantly serum calcium or phosphorus concentrations. A combination of a delaying effect on gastric emptying with the inhibition of gastric acid secretion elicited by calcitonin warrants further studies of calcinonin in the treatment of duodenal ulcer.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Effect of a synthetic prostaglandin E1 derivative, misoprostol, on fasted gallbladder volume and on meal-induced gallbladder emptying in man.

The effect of a single oral dose of 400 micrograms of misoprostol versus placebo on the fasted gallbladder volume and on meal-induced gallbladder emptying was assessed in 10 healthy subjects according to a double-blind study protocol. Gallbladder volumes were measured by means of real-time ultrasonography. The fasted gallbladder volume before drug administration was 18.9 +/- 1.1 cm3 on the placebo day, and 18.8 +/- 1.4 cm3 on the misoprostol day. No significant change in the gallbladder volume was observed 30 minutes after drug administration (18.3 +/- 1.3 cm3 placebo vs 20.2 +/- 1.8 cm3 misoprostol). The gallbladder volume 10 min after the test meal was significantly larger after misoprostol (16.9 +/- 1.7 cm3) than after placebo (12.8 +/- 1.6 cm3), p less than 0.02. However, the differences at subsequent time points (i.e. 20, 30, and 40 min after the test meal) proved to be insignificant. An insignificant effect of misoprostol on gallbladder emptying was revealed also by the analysis of the respective gallbladder ejection fractions. We conclude that misoprostol does not have any significant effect on fasted gallbladder volume or on meal-induced gallbladder emptying in humans.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Effect of calcitonin on gallbladder volume between food intake and on its emptying after meals in humans].

The effect of increasing i.v. doses of synthetic salmon calcitonin: 0.0044, 0.0088, 0.0175, and 0.0350 i.u..kg-1 min-1 versus placebo on the fasted gallbladder volume was assessed in 7 normal subjects according to a double-blind study protocol. In addition the action of calcitonin on meal-induced gallbladder emptying was examined. Gallbladder volumes were measured by means of real-time ultrasonography. An excellent day-to-day reproducibility of the fasted gallbladder volume was reflected by a coefficient of variation amounting to 12.2%, whereas the correlation coefficient between the fasted gallbladder volumes on day 1 and 2 amounted to r = 0.98, p less than 0.001. Calcitonin evoked a dose-dependent relaxation of the fasted gallbladder. A statistically significant increase of the fasted gallbladder volume was observed with 0.0175 (23.4 +/- 5.50 cm3 placebo vs 33.9 +/- 7.74 cm3 calcitonin, p less than 0.001) and 0.0350 (21.4 +/- 4.62 cm3 placebo vs 36.1 +/- 8.42 cm3 calcitonin, p less than 0.01) i.u..kg-1 min-1 calcitonin, where as mean increase of the gallbladder volume amounted to 32.1 and 46.5%, respectively. A significant delay of the gallbladder emptying after calcitonin was reflected by a decrease of the ejection fraction: 23.2 +/- 8.33% calcitonin vs 57.8 +/- 6.94% placebo (p less than 0.02) at 20 min, and 40.5 +/- 8.76% calcitonin vs 67.2 +/- 3.75% placebo (p less than 0.02) at 30 min after the test meal. Calcitonin is concluded to increase significantly the interdigestive gallbladder volume and to delay the meal-induced gallbladder emptying in humans.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Extra-anorectic actions of mazindol.

In the search for mechanisms supporting the weight-reducing effect of mazindol, we examined the influence of the drug on metabolism and gastric evacuation in two groups of 10 women each. In the first group the effect of mazindol on thermogenesis was assessed by indirect calorimetry, and blood glycerol concentration was taken as an index of lipolysis. After oral administration of 2 mg mazindol no significant changes were observed in the energy expenditure or lipolysis, either at rest or during exercise. In the second group, the influence of 2 mg mazindol, taken orally, on gastric emptying (GE) of a radiolabeled solid meal was examined with the use of a gamma camera. The drug significantly inhibited GE--the median GEt1/2 was 119 min after placebo vs. 230 min after mazindol. The mean +/- SE of the emptying index was 1.13 +/- 0.26 min-1 after placebo vs. 0.53 +/- 0.14 min-1 after mazindol. Mazindol elicited a delaying effect on the late phase of GE, as confirmed by a significant decrease of the shape parameter (S) of the power-exponential fitted GE curves, 2.09 +/- 0.22 after placebo vs. 1.61 +/- 0.24 after mazindol, and by the comparison of the amount of food emptied from the stomach: 30.7 +/- 6.1% after placebo vs. 17.8 +/- 4.0% after mazindol, at 80 min, and 38.9 +/- 6.2% after placebo vs. 20.6 +/- 4.3% after mazindol, at 90 min of the GE measurement.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Influence of oral cimetidine and ranitidine on gastric emptying in active duodenal ulcer.

The effect on gastric emptying of 400 mg cimetidine and two doses of ranitidine (150 and 300 mg) given orally was evaluated in 45 patients with endoscopically proved duodenal ulcer and in 28 healthy controls. Gastric emptying of a radiolabeled solid phase meal was assessed. Cimetidine was confirmed not to have any significant influence on gastric emptying in duodenal ulcer patients or in healthy subjects. The significant delay in gastric emptying observed with ranitidine was dose dependent, and at the same time more pronounced in patients with duodenal ulcer than in healthy subjects. Early ulcer healing was unrelated to the changes in gastric emptying elicited by the tested drugs.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1988

Effect of calcitonin on gastric emptying.

The effect on gastric emptying of synthetic salmon calcitonin administered intravenously (415 pmol bolus injection followed by infusion to reach an overall dose of 62.25 pmol.kg-1 body mass) versus placebo was examined in 13 healthy men. Gastric emptying of a radiolabeled solid meal was assessed with a gamma camera. The gastric emptying course was analyzed with the use of the power-exponential fitting. A marked delay in gastric emptying was observed in all subjects studied: the median gastric half emptying time was 60.3 min after placebo and 196.5 min after calcitonin (p less than 0.001). At the same time, analysis of the parameter S revealed that calcitonin did not elicit any consistent change in the shape of gastric emptying curves.

Calcitonin↗
PubMed1988

A pharmacological dose of glucagon suppresses gastric emptying of a radiolabelled solid meal in humans.

The effect of glucagon (143 nmol i.v. bolus followed by 430 nmol infused at a constant rate over 90 min) vs placebo (normal saline) on gastric emptying was examined in a blind randomized study in eight healthy males. The gastric emptying of a radiolabelled solid meal was measured with the use of a gamma camera. Glucagon elicited a pronounced delay in gastric emptying in all subjects examined--mean gastric transit time MTT90 glucagon 44.2 +/- 0.22 min vs placebo 38.6 +/- 0.74 min, p less than 0.001.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Slowed gastric evacuation accounts for the reduction of food intake by anorectic drugs.

The effect of mazindol given orally on gastric emptying of a radiolabelled solid meal was examined in 10 obese females. The patients underwent the measurement of gastric emptying twice: 2 mg mazindol was compared with placebo according to a double-blind study protocol. Mazindol significantly delayed gastric emptying (P less than 0.02 for both the gastric half emptying time, t1/2, and emptying index, Ix). The inhibition of the late phase of gastric emptying by mazindol was reflected by a significant (P less than 0.05) decrease of the shape parameter S of the power-exponential fitted gastric emptying curves, as well as by the comparison of the amount of food retained within the stomach (P less than 0.05 at 80 min and P less than 0.02 at 90 min). Potential mechanisms and the meaning of the findings are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Gallbladder motor function in obese versus lean females.

Gallbladder motility was studied in 18 obese women and in 18 lean females by means of an ultrasonographic method. The fasted and meal-stimulated gallbladder volumes as well as the amount of the ejected bile were significantly larger in the obese when compared to the lean controls. A significant positive correlation was found between the fasted or meal-stimulated gallbladder volume and the body mass as well as the obesity indices (the absolute overweight and body mass index). Moreover, the amount of the ejected bile correlated significantly with the fasted gallbladder volume. The results suggest that altered gallbladder motility should be considered a risk factor accounting for the increased incidence of gallstones in the obese.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Radionuclide studies on gastric evacuatory function in health and in the duodenal ulcer disease. II. Regional distribution of emptying index (RDEI) patterns.

Studies with a new method for visualizing the stomach evacuatory function - regional distribution of emptying index (RDEI) were performed on 35 healthy subjects and 34 duodenal ulcer patients. The observed gastric RDEI patterns are described in detail, and their pathophysiological meaning is discussed. A significantly higher incidence of an atypical gastric RDEI pattern was found in duodenal ulcer patients compared to normals. Except for a shorter disease duration, however, no other clinical features distinguished the patients with the present atypical gastric RDEI pattern from the remaining ones. It has been hypothesized that antral dysmotility is a cause of the observed phenomenon.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Calcitonin suppresses gastric emptying of a radiolabelled solid meal in humans.

The effects on gastric emptying of calcitonin/i.v. 1.5 i.u. kg-1 body mass bolus or 10 i.u. followed by infusion to overall 1.5 i.u. kg-1 body mass dose vs placebo were studied in four healthy volunteers and in four patients with an active peptic ulcer. Gastric emptying of a radiolabelled solid meal was surveyed. Pronounced delay in gastric emptying was observed in all studied subjects, mean transit time MTT90 calcitonin 39.2 +/- 0.85 min vs placebo 32.8 +/- 1.31 min, P less than 0.001.

Adult↗