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Biomedical subjects

K Jonderko

Publications and source records attributed to K Jonderko.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Effect of cimetidine and ranitidine on absorption of [125I]levothyroxine administered orally.

Female patients with a simple goiter were pretreated on 2 occasions (at an interval of 4 wk) with po placebo or 400 mg cimetidine (Cim) (Group A, n = 10), or with placebo or 30 mg ranitidine (Ran) (Group B, n = 10), 90 and 150 min, respectively, prior to the po gelatin capsules containing [125I]levothyroxine ([125I]LT4). A double-blind randomized study protocol was kept. Venous blood samples were taken at 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120, 150, 180, 210, and 240 min after po [125I]LT4 and the radioactivities in serum were counted. Similar [125I]LT4 radioactivities were found after placebo pretreatment in both groups: AUC 467 +/- 82 in Group A vs 459 +/- 109 in Group B. Cimetidine decreased the serum [125I]LT4 radioactivities: AUC371 +/- 72 (Cim) vs 467 +/- 82 (placebo) (P < 0.01), but Ran did not: AUC 477 +/- 132 (Ran) vs 459 +/- 109 (placebo) (P > 0.05).

Absorption↗
PubMed1991

Effect of cold stress on gallbladder contractility in humans.

The effect of cold stress in the form of repeated hand immersion in ice cold water or repeated application to a hand of extremely cold - nitrogen gas, at a temperature of -180 degrees C (93 K), on the emptying of a meal-stimulated gallbladder was examined in seven healthy volunteers of both sexes. The control procedure consisted of repeated application to a hand of air at neutral temperatures (+35 degrees(-)+37 degrees C). Each subject underwent three examinations on separate days, the procedures being applied in random order. Gallbladder volume was measured by means of real-time ultrasonography. Measurements of volumes of the fasted gallbladder were also made on the three study days and gave similar values: 20.3 cm3, SEM 2.7 (control), 22.1 cm3, SEM 2.5 (cryotherapy), and 20.0 cm3, SEM 2.5 (cold immersion), F(2, 12) = 2.47, P greater than 0.1. A significant delaying effect of cold stress on postprandial gallbladder contractility was observed: F(2, 72) = 7.44, P less than 0.005, and F(2, 72) = 4.45, P less than 0.025 for gallbladder volume and ejection fraction, respectively. A significant difference was detected between the local application of cold gas and the control procedure (P less than 0.005) and local cryotherapy and the cold pressor test (P less than 0.05) in the case of the postprandial gallbladder volume, as well as between the local application of cold gas and the control procedure (P less than 0.025) for the ejection fraction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Effect of nifedipine on interdigestive gallbladder volume and postprandial gallbladder emptying in man.

The effect of two oral doses (10 and 20 mg) of nifedipine versus placebo on the fasted gallbladder volume and on the meal-induced gallbladder emptying was assessed according to a double-blind study protocol in 12 healthy volunteers. Eight subjects underwent three studies (with placebo and with both nifedipine doses), whereas in two subjects the effect of a 10-mg nifedipine dose vs placebo and in two others the effect of a 20-mg nifedipine dose vs placebo was examined. The studies were performed on separate days, and the gallbladder volume was measured by means of real-time ultrasonography. Neither placebo nor 20 mg nifedipine per os elicited any significant change in the fasted gallbladder volume. With 10 mg nifedipine per os a significant increase in the interdigestive gallbladder volume was observed: 22.9 +/- 2.9 cm3 before and 26.2 +/- 3.2 cm3 after the drug receipt (P less than 0.005). A trend towards an inhibition of the postprandial gallbladder emptying was observed with 10 mg nifedipine per os without, however, reaching the level of statistical significance. Following 20 mg nifedipine per os, a marked delay in the meal-stimulated gallbladder emptying occurred, as reflected by a decrease in the gallbladder ejection fraction from 48.1 +/- 4.5% (placebo) to 26.4 +/- 5.0% (nifedipine) (P less than 0.02) at 30 min and from 54.0 +/- 3.6% (placebo) to 33.2 +/- 4.6% (nifedipine) (P less than 0.02) at 40 min after the test meal. We conclude that a therapeutic oral dosage of nifedipine has a significant relaxing effect on the human gallbladder.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Effect of anti-obesity drugs promoting energy expenditure, yohimbine and ephedrine, on gastric emptying in obese patients.

The effect of ephedrine, a non-selective adrenoreceptor agonist, and yohimbine, a selective alpha 2-adrenolytic drug, on gastric emptying of a radiolabelled solid meal was examined in groups of 8 (all women) and 15 (4 men and 11 women) obese patients, respectively. Patients were given orally, double-blind in random order, placebo or 50 mg ephedrine in the first group, and placebo or 15 mg yohimbine in the second group, 1.5 h prior to the gastric emptying measurement performed with the use of a gamma camera. Yohimbine did not significantly affect gastric emptying--the fraction of the meal retained within the stomach at the end of the examination (that is after 90 min), F90, amounted to 71.0 +/- 3.8% (placebo) and 66.8 +/- 4.1% (yohimbine); the gastric emptying index, Ix, was 0.737 +/- 0.106 min-1 x 10(-2) (placebo) and 0.885 +/- 0.128 min-1 x 10(-2) (yohimbine). A significant delay in gastric emptying was observed after administration of ephedrine: F90 increased from 70.3 +/- 5.1% after placebo to 80.9 +/- 3.0% after ephedrine, P less than 0.02, and Ix decreased from 0.747 +/- 0.142 min-1 x 10(-2) to 0.461 +/- 0.080 min-1 x 10(-2) after ephedrine, P less than 0.02. We conclude that the inhibitory influence of ephedrine on gastric emptying, and thus possibly on satiety, makes it a candidate for trial as pharmacological support of a low-energy diet treatment of obesity.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Effect of ephedrine on gastric emptying in obese patients].

In 8 obese women the effect was assessed of ephedrine (Ephedrinum hydrochloricum, Polfa) on gastric emptying after solid food. The authors found that ephedrine in a dose 50 mg p.o. revealed a significantly inhibiting of the gastric emptying in obese women.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Inhibitory effect of cigarette smoking on gastric emptying of a solid meal in patients with type I gastric ulcer.

The effect of cigarette smoking on gastric emptying (GE) of a radio-labelled solid meal was examined in 14 patients with type I gastric ulcer diagnosed at endoscopy. The patients underwent GE measurement thrice: under basal conditions and for two smoking sessions--without and after cimetidine pretreatment (2 x 400 mg orally for 2 days and 400 mg orally 1.5 h before the isotopic GE examination). Cigarette smoking significantly delayed GE--the median GE index, Ix: 0.688 min-1.10-2 (range 0.033-1.886) after smoking vs. 1.246 min-1.-2 (range 0.384-2.339) under basal conditions, p less than 0.01. The inhibitory effect of smoking on solid GE was blunted when smoking coincided with cimetidine pretreatment--the median Ix amounted to 1.069 min-1.10-2 (range 0.022-1.462) and was not significantly different from that under basal conditions.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Does yohimbine act as a slimming drug?

Yohimbine, an alpha 2-receptor antagonist, was examined for its suitability in the treatment of obesity. Twenty female obese outpatients were subjected to a 3-week low-energy diet (1,000 kcal/day), after which they were randomly allocated according to a double-blind study protocol to two treatments: 10 subjects received 5 mg yohimbine per os 4 times a day and 10 received a placebo for 3 weeks, in addition to a low-energy diet of 1,000 kcal/day. Before inclusion in the study, as well as the end of each of the 3-week treatment periods, thermogenesis (resting and exercise energy expenditure) was assessed by indirect calorimetry; serum noradrenaline concentration was taken as an index of sympathetic system activity and serum glycerol level as an index of lipolysis. Yohimbine significantly increased the mean weight loss in patients on a low-energy diet: 3.55 +/- 0.24 kg (yohimbine) vs. 2.21 +/- 0.37 kg (placebo), P less than 0.005. With yohimbine, a steady level of effort-induced energy expenditure and sympathetic system activity was maintained. No significant effect of yohimbine on lipolysis was observed under the experimental conditions of this study. In another group of 15 obese inpatients (11 women and 4 men) the influence of 15 mg yohimbine per os vs. placebo on gastric emptying of a radiolabelled solid meal was examined in a double-blind manner with the use of a gamma camera. No significant effect of yohimbine on gastric emptying was revealed--the mean gastric transit time was 42.0 +/- 0.4 min after placebo and 41.8 +/- 0.5 min after yohimbine. The results obtained warrant further research on the applicability of alpha 2-receptor inhibitory drugs as a supplementary management in the treatment of obesity.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Short- and long-term reproducibility of radioisotopic examination of gastric emptying.

Reproducibility of gastric emptying (GE) of a radiolabelled solid meal was assessed. The short-term reproducibility was evaluated on the basis of 12 paired GE examinations performed 1-3 days apart. Twelve paired GE examinations taken 3-8 months apart enabled long-term reproducibility assessment. Reproducibility of GE parameters was expressed in terms of the coefficient of variation, CV. No significant between-day variation of solid GE was found either regarding the short-term or the long-term reproducibility. Although slightly higher CV values characterized the long-term reproducibility of the GE parameters considered, the variations of the differences between repeated GE examinations did not differ significantly between short- and long-term GE reproducibility. The results obtained justify the use of radioisotopic GE measurement for the assessment of early and late results of pharmacologic or surgical management.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Effect of calcitonin on gastric emptying and on serum insulin and gastrin concentrations after ingestion of a mixed solid-liquid meal in humans.

In a double-blind placebo-controlled study, we examined the effect of calcitonin on gastric emptying, and on serum concentrations of gastrin, insulin, glucose, calcium, and phosphorus after a mixed solid-liquid meal in 11 healthy men. Synthetic salmon calcitonin was administered as a 415 pmol i.v. bolus injection followed by a 90-min infusion to reach an overall dose of 62.25 pmol/kg body mass. Gastric emptying of a radiolabeled meal was surveyed by means of a gamma camera. A pronounced inhibition of gastric emptying with calcitonin was observed in all subjects (median gastric half emptying time 60.3 min after placebo versus 197.6 min after calcitonin; p less than 0.001). Calcitonin did not effect the postprandial gastrin release, nor did it change significantly the serum calcium or phosphorus concentrations. A decreased postprandial insulin release by calcitonin (mean +/- SEM area under the insulin curve 2,124.6 +/- 382.0 min mU L-1 after placebo versus 640.9 +/- 124.0 min mU L-1 after calcitonin; p less than 0.002) was accompanied by a different pattern of serum glucose concentrations during the infusion of the hormone when compared to the situation with a placebo. We discuss potential mechanisms and clinical relevance of our findings.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

A synthetic prostaglandin E2 analogue, enprostil, hastens gastric emptying of solids in patients with an active duodenal ulcer.

The effect of gastric emptying of two doses (35 and 70 micrograms) of enprostil given orally was evaluated in eight patients with endoscopically confirmed duodenal ulcer. Gastric emptying of a radiolabelled solid meal was assessed with the use of a gamma camera. Enprostil dose-dependently accelerated gastric emptying of solids; the gastric emptying index, Ix, increased from 1.62 +/- 0.38 min-1.10(-2) after placebo to 2.77 +/- 0.56 min-1.10(-2) after 35 micrograms enprostil (p less than 0.05 versus placebo) and to 3.65 +/- 0.64 min-1.10(-2) after 70 micrograms enprostil (p less than 0.005 versus placebo). The fraction of the radiolabelled food retained in the stomach at the end of the gastric emptying examination (that is, after 90 min) amounted to 50.5 +/- 6.9% after placebo, 35.2 +/- 7.4% after 35 micrograms enprostil, and 24.1 +/- 8.4% after 70 micrograms enprostil. It is concluded that enprostil elicits a significant speeding up of solid-phase gastric emptying in duodenal ulcer patients.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

[Effect of calcitonin on gastric emptying after isotope-labeled solid meal in patients with stomach ulcer].

The effect of calcitonin on gastric emptying of a radiolabelled test meal was examined in 8 male patients with active gastric ulcer. The patients ate the test meal twice, whilst during one of the examinations they were given synthetic salmon calcitonin (415 pmol i.v. bolus + continuous infusion during 90 min to reach an overall dose of 62.25 pmol.kg-1 body mass) and during the other one they received placebo--in randomized order, according to a double-blind study protocol. In every patient a pronounced delay in gastric emptying after calcitonin was observed --the emptying index, Ix: 2.33 +/- 0.22 x 10(-2) min-1 (placebo) vs 0.81 +/- 0.18 x 10(-2) min-1 (calcitonin), p less than 0.001. Calcitonin delayed and significantly lowered the postprandial gastrin release, as well as suppressed the postprandial insulin release with a secondary change in the serum glucose concentration pattern, whereas the serum calcium and phosphorus remained unaffected. The authors conclude that salmon calcitonin in a pharmacological dose elicits a strong inhibitory effect on gastric emptying in gastric ulcer patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Effect of calcitonin on gastric emptying and postprandial secretion of gastrin and insulin in patients with duodenal ulcer].

The effect of calcitonin on gastric emptying of a radiolabelled test meal was examined in 10 patients with an endoscopically confirmed duodenal bulb ulcer. According to a double-blind study protocol, the patients were given on two different days placebo or synthetic salmon calcitonin (415 pmol i.v. bolus followed by a 90-min infusion to reach an overall dose of 62.25 pmol.kg-1 body mass)--in randomized order. Calcitonin did not affect the postprandial gastrin release nor did it change significantly the serum calcium or phosphorus concentration. The abolished postprandial insulin release by calcitonin was accompanied by a different pattern of serum glucose concentration, when compared to the situation with placebo. In all patients examined calcitonin evoked a profound delay in gastric emptying--the mean gastric transit time, MTT90: 34.1 +/- 1.4 min (placebo) vs 41.0 +/- 1.1 min (calcitonin), p less than 0.001.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Partitioning of intravenous lidocaine into gastric juice.

Lidocaine concentration in gastric juice and serum, following a single bolus iv injection of lidocaine hydrochloride 1.4 mg.kg-1 was examined in 6 healthy male volunteers under basal conditions and/or after pentagastrin secretory stimulation. Lidocaine concentration found in the gastric secretion exceeded by several times that found in serum. The partitioning of iv lidocaine into stomach lumen ranged between 5.2 and 13.0% of the total lidocaine dose given.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

A comparative study on gastric emptying and secretory status in the early postoperative period after truncal vagotomy with two pyloroplasty variants performed for peptic ulcer disease. I. Cassimally pyloroplasty.

Gastric emptying (GE) of a radiolabeled solid meal, gastric acid secretion and gastrin release were examined within a median of 15.5 days (range: 9 to 66) after surgery in 14 peptic ulcer patients subjected to truncal vagotomy with Cassimally pyloroplasty (VTP-Cas). A significant delay in GE was observed after VTP-Cas; the median slope of GE curves, K, decreased from 14.65 (range: 2.56 to 21.86) before to 4.05 (range: 0 to 11.67) min-1.10-3 after the operation (p less than 0.002). The postoperative GE was significantly slower than in a group of 41 healthy controls (median K = 9.09, range: 3.72 to 28.66 min-1.10(-3), p less than 0.01 vs the VTP-Cas-operated patients), and was characterized by a biphasic pattern with a slowed second phase. VTP-Cas resulted in a reduction of the basal acid secretion by an average of 87% (from 9.5 +/- 3.4 to 1.2 +/- 0.2 mmol.h-1, p less than 0.05), and the pentagastrin-stimulated acid output by 72% (from 30.8 +/- 7.2 to 8.6 +/- 1.6 mmol.h-1, p less than 0.05). The fasting serum gastrin concentration remained unchanged after VTP-Cas (68.2 +/- 10.8 pre- vs 67.3 +/- 9.4 ng.1-1 post-operatively), whereas a slight and statistically insignificant increase in the meal-induced gastrin release was found following the VTP-Cas-AUC0-120: 10002 +/- 1298 pre- vs 11234 +/- 1422 ng.1-1 min postoperatively.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

A comparative study on gastric emptying and secretory status in the early postoperative period after truncal vagotomy with two pyloroplasty variants performed for peptic ulcer disease. II. Heineke-Mikulicz pyloroplasty and comparison with the cassimally routine.

In 14 peptic ulcer patients undergoing truncal vagotomy with Heineke-Mikulicz pyloroplasty (VTP-HM), gastric emptying of a radiolabeled solid meal, gastric acid secretion and gastrin release was examined within a median of 14 days (range; 10 to 63 days) following the operation, and compared with the results obtained in 14 patients subjected to vagotomy and Cassimally pyloroplasty (VTP-Cas). VTP-HM markedly disturbed gastric emptying in 10 out of 14 patients (71%), four of which (28%) had extremely rapid, and six (43%) exhibited abnormally delayed gastric emptying. Due to a wide inter-subject variability, no significant differences between VTP-HM and VTP-Cas were found for any of the gastric emptying parameters considered. The basal acid output was significantly lower after VTP-Cas than VTP-HM: 2.4 +/- 0.8 vs 5.8 +/- 1.0mmol.h-1, (p less than 0.02). The difference in pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion: 9.4 +/- 1.4 vs 12.0 +/- 1.8 mmol.h-1 for VTP-Cas vs VTP-HM, respectively, was not statistically significant. Higher fasting serum gastrin concentration (102.0 +/- 21.1 vs 63.3 +/- 8.3 ng.l-1), and greater postprandial gastrin release (AUC0-120: 16690 +/- 2648 vs 10654 +/- 1283 ng.l-1 min) were observed after VTP-HM than after VTP-Cas. The respective differences did not, however, reach the level of statistical significance, the possible clinical relevance of the differences between the two pyloroplasty procedures with respect to their effect on gastric evacuatory and secretory functions is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Effect of calcitonin on gastric emptying and on postprandial gastrin and insulin release in patients with type I gastric ulcer.

In a double-blind placebo-controlled study, the effect of calcitonin on gastric emptying and on serum concentrations of gastrin, insulin, glucose, calcium and phosphorus after a mixed solid-liquid meal was examined in six patients with type I gastric ulcer. Synthetic salmon calcitonin 415 pmol i.v. was given as a bolus followed by a 90-min infusion to reach an overall dose of 62.25 pmol.kg-1. Gastric emptying of a radiolabelled meal was measured with a gamma camera. Calcitonin suppressed gastric emptying in all patients examined. The mean gastric transit time, MTT90, increased from 38.1 +/- 0.4 min after placebo to 43.1 +/- 0.6 min after calcitonin (P less than 0.001). Calcitonin significantly blunted the postprandial gastrin release: AUC0-90 10,398 +/- 2886 ng. l-1 min (placebo) and 8238 +/- 2573 ng. l-1 min (calcitonin), P less than 0.05, and abolished the postprandial insulin release--AUC0-90 2244 +/- 230 mU.l-1 min (placebo) vs. 638 +/- 198 mU.l-1 min (calcitonin), P less than 0.01. A steady increase in the serum glucose during calcitonin infusion, reaching up to 5.6 +/- 0.31 mmol.l-1 at the end of the infusion, was observed. Calcitonin did not significantly affect serum calcium or phosphorus concentrations. The authors conclude that a delayed gastric emptying is to be expected in patients undergoing calcitonin treatment.

Adult↗