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Biomedical subjects

K J Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to K J Taylor.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Ultrasound scanning in patients with clinical suspicion of pancreatic cancer: a retrospective study.

A retrospective study was performed on all patients with clinical suspicion of a pancreatic cancer over a seven-month period. Diagnostic scans of the pancreas were obtained in 87% of the patients. Of 112 patients with a successful ultrasound study, 97 had adequate clinical or surgical follow up. The ultrasound examination was abnormal in 16 of 17 pancreatic cancer patients, yielding a positive predictive value of 84%. Most patients had distant spread at this time. The negative predictive value was 99%, sensitivity was 94%, specificity 96%. This study does nt suggest that ultrasound leads to an earlier diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. However, because the symptoms of the disease are common in the elderly, ultrasound allows reliable exclusion of this disease in a noninvasive way.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed1981

Ultrasound examination of pubertal girls and of patients with gonadal dysgenesis.

Girls with hypogonadism caused by hypothalamic lesions or chromosomal abnormalities need accurate pelvic exams to delinate pelvic structures. This work presents an evaluation of the usefulness of ultrasound examination of the pelvis in females with aberrant sexual development. Girls with these problems often need multiple pelvic examinations to monitor their uterine response to hormone therapy. Thirty-two patients with a variety of abnormalities including Mullerian agenesis and hypothalamic hypogonadism as well as patients with abnormal karyotype commonly associated with gonadal dysgenesis and male pseudohermaphrodism were studied. Repeat ultrasound scans were performed to quantitate uterine response to therapy. Ovarian visualization was usually possible, even in prepuberal girls. Following some patients at risk for gonadal tumors may be possible using repeat ultrasound examinations. The cooperation of the patients as well as of their families was gratifying, and the girls appeared to be more relaxed during ultrasound examination than during a pelvic examination.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Histopathological correlation of ultrasound appearances of liver metastases.

We reviewed ultrasound examinations of the liver performed at Yale--New Haven Hospital on patients with biopsy-proven tumors since January 1, 1977, to correlate the ultrasonic appearances with histology. Liver metastases appeared as sonolucent lesions in 37.5% of patients, as mixed sonolucent/echogenic lesions in 37.5%, and as solely echogenic in only 25%. We found a limited correlation between the echogenic pattern of the ultrasound scans and histology. The majority of echogenic metastases were from colonic primaries (54%) or hepatomas (25%). Metastases from lymphomas were extremely sonolucent and sarcomas frequently demonstrated central necrosis. Calcified metastases from mucin-secreting adenocarcinoma of the colon appeared as dense lesions with distal shadowing.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1981

Ultrasonographic scanning of the pancreas. Prospective study of clinical results.

The symptoms of pancreatic cancer are nonspecific and are common in the elderly, who are at risk for pancreatic cancer. Ultrasound is an economic means for screening such individuals. This report describes a prospective study of the efficacy of ultrasound in 83 patients with symptoms of pancreatic cancer. Scanning techniques, which resulted in visualization of the head, neck, and body of the pancreas in 90% of the patients scanned, are reviewed. A sensitivity of 94% and a specificity of 99% were achieved. Small defects in the parenchyma may be seen with ultrasound before there are any changes in the size or contour of the organ.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Ultrasonography of alcoholic liver disease with histological correlation.

In alcoholic liver disease (fatty infiltration, alcoholic cirrhosis), the liver is diffusely abnormal on ultrasound. Changes in size, dilatation of the hepatic veins, and ascites may also occur. The authors conducted a histological correlation of these abnormalities in 22 alcoholic patients and 16 controls, grading the changes on a scale of 0 to 4+ for fat, fibrosis, and necrosis and noting tumor whenever present. Ultrasound detected abnormality in 21 cases (sensitivity = 95%) and correctly identified 15 controls (specificity = 94%). Of the 5 tumors seen, 4 hepatomas were detected and biopsied and 1 metastatic squamous-cell carcinoma was missed. Applications of commercially available A-scan module are considered and its limitations discussed. With the exception of minimal change (1+ fat or fibrosis), ultrasound detected many of the pathological changes seen in alcoholic liver disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Acute experimental biliary obstruction in the dog: sonographic findings and clinical implications.

Three dogs were serially studied with sonography after cholecystectomy and total acute biliary obstruction. Peripheral biliary dilatation could be diagnosed as early as 4 hr after biliary obstruction and before significant elevation of serum bilirubin. These experimental results support the thesis that total biliary obstruction may be diagnosed before the onset of icterus.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1981

Sonographic transducer performance cannot be evaluated with clinical images.

A wide variety of in vitro tests, some too sophisticated to perform in a clinical setting, is available to provide information on the performance of sonographic transducers. However, it is a common belief among many clinicians that clinically generated in vivo images are a necessary and sufficient test of sonographic image quality. In order to examine the sensitivity and reliability of quality judgments made from clinical images, some transducers that failed elaborate in vitro tests were used to create clinical scans. In a discrimination test between clinical images created by normal and abnormal transducers, a panel of experienced sonographers was unable to consistently identify scans made by transducers with major flaws in the beam uniformity when the defect occurred only in the near field. The study confirms that rigorous in vitro tests provide unique information on transducer performance and can reveal performance flaws that are overlooked in routine clinical images.

Humans↗
PubMed1981

The ultrasonically enhanced abdominal examination.

Ultrasound is a unique diagnostic imaging tool that enhances the physical examination of the abdomen, without the hazards of radiation. The physician can instantly visualize palpated masses or areas of tenderness during ultrasound examination, and immediate correlation of tissue texture and clinical findings is possible. This combined approach aids in identifying inflammatory, neoplastic and degenerative pathology, as well as normal anatomic variations mimicking disease.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1980

Ultrasonic evaluation of hepatic and splenic trauma.

Blunt abdominal trauma comprises a major portion of surgical emergencies. These patients require imaging modalities that are rapid and accurate. In two patients with upper abdominal trauma, gray scale ultrasound was successfully used both for initial diagnosis and for monitoring the postoperative course.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1980

Imaging of idiopathic biliary duct dilatation.

Gray-scale ultrasonography and 99mTc-HIDA radionuclide scanning are complementary studies which may be helpful in the diagnosis of idiopathic dilatation of the biliary ducts. We present an overview of this entity and representative cases of a Type I choledochal cyst and Caroli's disease.

Bile Duct Diseases↗
PubMed1980

Ultrasound demonstration of anicteric dilatation of the biliary tree.

This report presents eight patients with dilatation of the biliary tree, six of whom had no clinical or laboratory evidence of biliary tract disease except for elevated levels of serum alkaline phosphatase. In two patients, dilatation was caused by obstruction of only one hepatic duct; in three, it was caused by a pancreatic tumor; and in three, it was associated with gallstones which exercised a ball-valve effect, producing intermittent obstruction. The elevation of the alkaline phosphatase level in six of these patients suggests that it is a more sensitive indicator of biliary tract obstruction than the serum bilirubin level is. The recognition of biliary dilatation in one or both lobes of the liver should lead to a careful examination, with ultrasound or another modality, of the porta hepatis, common bile duct, and pancreas.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Differentiation of acoustic shadowing due to calculi and gas collections.

In abdominal sonography, acoustic shadowing may be seen distal either to calculi or gas collections. This in vitro study suggests that acoustic shadows distal to calculi contain significantly fewer echoes, and are therefore more sharply defined than those distal to gas collections. Artifactual reverberation echoes within acoustic shadows distal to gas collections result from virtually total sound reflection at tissue-air interfaces, whereas shadows distal to calculi are primarily due to sound absorption. The appearances of shadowing distal to calculi or gas collections may be of value in clinical sonography.

Abdomen↗