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Biomedical subjects

K J Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to K J Taylor.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Ultrasonography and nephrotomography in the presymptomatic diagnosis of dominantly inherited (adult-onset) polycystic kidney disease.

Results of an ongoing four-year study evaluating the role of ultrasonography, nephrotomography, and routine excretory urography in the presymptomatic diagnosis of adult polycystic kidney disease (APKD) are reported. Of 39 asymptomatic individuals who were at risk for APKD, 16 had abnormal studies-eight had bilateral renal cysts withouthepatic cysts on both imaging studies, four had bilateral renal cysts on both imaging studies and hepatic cysts on at least one imaging study, two children who did not have sonographic studies had bilateral renal cysts on nephrotomography, and two children who had a normal nephrotomography had unilateral renal cysts on ultrasonography. Consequently, children of adults with known APKD can be identified as presymptomatic by gray scale ultrasonography, nephrotomography, and/or excretory urography. Gray scale ultrasonography alone is sufficient for family screening for APKD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Technical factors influencing the imaging of small anechoic cysts by B-scan ultrasound.

Ultrasound examination of small cysts in vivo and in vitro has demonstrated that several factors can interfere with recognition of their true anechoic nature. Reverberation and the effects of the beam width can interact with adjacent acoustic reflectors to produce artifactual echoes. Sonic enhancement in distal tissues varies with time gain compensation, frequency, and the position of the focal zone. If the operator is aware of this problem, he can compensate for these effects and thereby improve diagnostic accuracy.

Cysts↗
PubMed1980

Ultrasound detection of uterine abnormalities after diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure.

Diethylstilbestrol (DES) was widely prescribed to pregnant women from 1940 to 1960. This resulted in multiple benign abnormalities of the genital tract and occasional malignant transformation in women who had been exposed to DES in utero. Over 300 cases of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina have been described to date. In this study, 18 DES-exposed women and 20 normal age-matched controls were studied with ultrasound. An estimated uterine volume of 49.4 cm3 +/- 25.5 SD was found in the exposed subjects, compared with 90 cm3 +/- 22 SD in the normal subjects. Three out of 18 women (16%) had a T-shaped uterus. Ultrasound can detect some of the uterine abnormalities which occur due to DES exposure.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Ultrasound in experimental and clinical renal vein thrombosis.

Static ultrasound was used to study five dogs with surgically produced unilateral renal vein thrombosis and eight patients with unilaterally occluded renal veins. In both clinical and experimental situations, renal vein thrombosis acutely led to decreased cortical echogenicity and nephromegaly. Between 10 days and three weeks, there was an increase in cortical echogenicity with preservation of corticomedullary definition; the late changes were decreased renal size, increased cortical echogenicity, and loss of corticomedullary definition. Histologic examination showed a significant deposition of collagen within the cortex and medulla of the dogs' kidneys during the late stage of the disease. Real time ultrasonography in two dogs and in one patient during acute renal vein thrombosis demonstrated absence of transmitted pulsations to the affected renal vein. Doppler ultrasound in one patient with proved renal vein thrombosis demonstrated absence of flow. The differential diagnosis and significance of the ultrasound findings are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Prenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis of fetal cystic hygroma.

The terms cystic lymphangioma or hygroma have been used to describe large, single or multilocular, fluid-filled cavities. While such cavities are most often located on one side of the fetal neck, they occasionally are multiple and may be found in other locations, such as the axillary regions, mediastium, oral cavity and groin. Bilateral hygromas of the neck are not uncommonly observed in aborted fetuses, often in association with wide-spread lymphangiectasis. A case is presented of a fetus with cystic hygromas in the cervical region which were revealed by prenatal ultrasonographic examination.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Diagnostic imaging procedures in acute pancreatitis. Comparison of ultrasound, intravenous cholangiography, and oral cholecystography.

To evaluate the role of intravenous cholangiography (IVC), ultrasound andoral cholecystography in the diagnosis of gallstone pancreatitis, 20 patients with acute pancreatitis were studied during the first three days of an attack. The IVC successfully demonstrated the common bile duct and gallbladder in 17 (85%) 20 patients. The ultrasound studies showed the gallbladder in all 18 patients in whom the gallbladder was present. The common duct was not seen by ultrasound in any patient and the pancreas was abnormal in all patients. In the three patients with gallbladder stones these were identified on both IVC and ultrasound. Common duct stones in three patients were seen only by IVC (two of these patients had concurrent gallbladder stones and one after cholecystectomy). Oral cholecystography was of limited usefulness, although the 50% visualization rate was higher than the literature suggests.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

Gray scale ultrasound in identification of lymphoma complicating lymphomatoid granulomatosis.

Lymphomatoid granulomatosis is a necrotizing vasculitis involving multiple organs which may be associated with lymphomatous transformation. A case of lymphomatoid granulomatosis is presented in which gray scale ultrasound identified lymphomatous transformation involving the right kidney and retroperitoneum, thus preventing unnecessary surgery. Ultrasound is a valuable modality for identifying and characterizing abdominal masses in patients at risk for neoplastic disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Ultrasound evaluation of bladder calculi.

A case is presented in which the identification of intravesical calculi by ultrasound was an aid in management. Bladder stones appear as high intensity echoes within the bladder, have an associated acoustic shadow and shift to the dependent portion of the bladder with alterations in position. Ultrasound provides a rapid, safe imaging technique to diagnose or verify the presence of bladder calculi.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1979

Gray-scale ultrasound in 204 proved gynecologic masses: accuracy and specific diagnostic criteria.

Gray-scale ultrasound results are evaluated in 182 women with 204 histologically proved gynecologic masses. Ultrasound provided information leading to the correct diagnosis in 56% of cases, contributory data in 23%, and nonspecific information in 14%. Errors occurred in 6%. A specific histologic diagnosis was possible in selected patients with simple ovarian cysts, cystadenomas, cystadenocarcinomas, dermoids, uterine fibroids, ectopic and molar pregnancies, missed abortions, and endometriosis. A characteristic but nondiagnostic ultrasound pattern was associated with carcinoma of the uterus, recurrent carcinoma of the ovary, and pelvic abscesses. A nonspecific pattern was common in tubo-ovarian abscesses.

Abortion, Missed↗