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Biomedical subjects

K J Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to K J Taylor.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Intraventricular hemorrhage in the preterm neonate: timing and cerebral blood flow changes.

Serial cranial ultrasound studies, 133xenon inhalation cerebral blood flow determinations, and risk factor analyses were performed in 31 preterm neonates. Contrast echocardiographic studies were additionally performed in 16 of these 31 infants. Sixty-one percent were found to have germinal matrix or intraventricular hemorrhage. Seventy-four percent of all hemorrhages were detected by the thirtieth postnatal hour. The patients were divided into three groups: early GMH/IVH by the sixth postnatal hour (eight infants) interval GMH/IVH from 6 hours through 5 days (10), and no GMH/IVH (12). Cerebral blood flow values at 6 postnatal hours were significantly lower for the early GMH/IVH group than for the no GMH/IVH group (P less than 0.01). Progression of GMH/IVH was observed only in those infants with early hemorrhage, and these infants had a significantly higher incidence of neonatal mortality. Ventriculomegaly as determined by ultrasound studies was noted equally in infants with and without GMH/IVH (50%) and was not found to correlate with low cerebral blood flow. The patients with early hemorrhage were distinguishable by their need for more vigorous resuscitation at the time of birth and significantly higher ventilator settings during the first 36 postnatal hours, during which time they also had higher values of PCO2. An equal incidence of patent ductus arteriosus was found across all of the groups. We propose that early GMH/IVH may be related to perinatal events and that the significant decrease in cerebral blood flow found in infants with early GMH/IVH is secondary to the presence of the hemorrhage itself. Progression of early GMH/IVH and new interval GMH/IVH may be related to later neonatal events known to alter cerebral blood flow.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1984

CT and sonography in the recognition of mucocele of the appendix.

Mucocele of the appendix is uncommon, and preoperative diagnosis is rare. Diagnosis is important because some of these lesions are malignant, and early identification may reduce the incidence of pseudomyxoma peritonei. In two of three cases reviewed the correct preoperative diagnosis was established with sonography and computed tomography. These findings suggest that, in a patient who has not undergone appendectomy, the presence of a low-attenuating mass at computed tomography and a through-transmitting mass with echogenic content at sonography in the correct location is typical of mucocele.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Sonographic detection of prenatal liver mass.

Ultrasound examination is now performed on about 30% of all pregnancies. Although it is used primarily to estimate gestational age, viability, presentation, and placental site, detailed fetal anatomy is also disclosed. Many abnormalities are now detected prenatally which may not be clinically apparent at birth, and raise new dilemmas of patient management. We describe a large mass documented by ultrasound in the right lobe of liver in a 29-week-old fetus. Subsequent postnatal investigation confirmed the initial ultrasound findings and documented spontaneous regression.

Female↗
PubMed1983

Pitfalls related to the urinary bladder in pelvic sonography: a review.

A number of pitfalls related to the urinary bladder may be encountered during ultrasound examination of the pelvis. Examples of particularly difficult or frequently encountered situations are illustrated in this report. In our experience, difficulties most commonly arise from incorrect identification of the urinary bladder, with an abnormal cystic pelvic mass simulating the normal urinary bladder, or vice versa. In addition, confusing appearances may be caused by urine refluxed into the vagina, technical artifacts, bladder diverticula, or mobile pelvic masses displaced by the bladder. Definitive bladder identification is useful to avoid errors in situations likely to be associated with bladder related pitfalls.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Ultrasonography in testicular torsion.

Testicular torsion was evaluated by B-scan ultrasound in one experimental animal and in 12 patients. The clinical findings were categorized as acute, subacute, or chronic depending on the amount of time that had elapsed since the onset of pain (less than 24 hours, 1 to 10 days, and more than 10 days, respectively). A consistent pattern of sonographic parenchymal changes for each of these stages is described. The ultrasound textural changes were found to be diagnostically useful when correlated with the clinical findings. Scrotal ultrasound also complements radioisotope studies, locating the testicle when it cannot be found by palpation, and may detect testicular torsion that is not suspected clinically. When physiologic blood flow studies are normal in the clinical setting of possible torsion, ultrasound is more accurate than other imaging modalities in demonstrating pathology.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Scrotal masses with a uniformly hyperechoic pattern.

Eight scrotal masses which appeared homogeneously hyperechoic on ultrasound were studied; 5 were testicular and 3 were extratesticular. Pathologically, there was no evidence of malignancy, and most lesions consisted of scar tissue or fibrosis. Two benign adenomatoid tumors were encountered. In this series, a homogeneously hyperechoic scrotal lesion was benign regardless of its location.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Sonography of vaginal masses.

The utility of sonography in the evaluation of the internal anatomy of the female pelvis is well established, but little has been reported on the characterization of vaginal masses. This report includes several cases representative of the sonographic appearances of such masses. Gartner duct cyst, hematocolpos, and urine refluxed into the vagina all have a similar cystic appearance. However, Gartner duct cysts are distinguishable from the latter via identification of a cyst wall separate from the vaginal wall. Solid lesions described include the common menstrual tampon, since its sonographic appearance relates to the amount of contained air. Prolapsing fibromyomas can be diagnosed via the contiguous uterine component. Also reported is the previously undescribed appearance of neurofibromas involving the vagina.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Combined use of serum HCG and sonography in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy.

During an 18 month period, 320 patients were referred with clinical suspicion of an ectopic pregnancy. This study is based on 19 patients with ectopic pregnancy who had both a sonographic examination of the pelvis and determination of serum beta human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) before surgery. Emphasis is focused on the spectrum of sonographic appearances that may occur in ectopic gestation. These are illustrated, and the sonographic criteria that have been used both for a positive diagnosis and for the exclusion of ectopic pregnancy in the past are analyzed. It is suggested that the accuracy of sonography can be increased by determining the serum HCG level on the day of the scan and by interpreting the findings with reference to the discriminatory HCG zone.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Variation of acoustic attenuation coefficient slope estimates for in vivo liver.

Characterization of diffuse alcoholic disease is being attempted by estimating the slope of the acoustic attenuation coefficient with frequency, a parameter denoted by beta, from reflected ultrasound signals. The ultrasound signals reflected from within the body are distorted by the non-ideal properties of tissues. Two distorting mechanisms are considered: the propagation through nonhomogeneous media and the reflection from irregularly shaped interfaces. The mechanisms are modeled as random filters and their effect on estimating the value of beta are considered. The variances of three beta estimators are derived from the model. Clinical results on normals and patients with alcoholic liver disease are presented to verify the model.

Humans↗
PubMed1982

Sonography of splenic abscess.

Gray-scale sonographic examination was performed in seven cases of splenic and parasplenic abscess. The splenic abscesses appeared as irregular, poorly defined anechoic masses with varying internal echogenicity and acoustical transmission. Increased echogenicity and distal acoustical shadowing due to gas within the abscess were also noted. Gray-scale sonography was instrumental in the diagnosis of splenic abscess in this group of patients whose symptomatology was of uncertain etiology.

Abscess↗
PubMed1982

Evaluation of gynecologic pelvic masses by ultrasound and computed tomography.

In a prospective study, computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound scanning of the pelvis were performed for 50 patients having clinically suspected pelvic masses or recurrence of known pelvic malignancy. On the basis of these scan images, an attempt was made to characterize pelvic masses on the basis of benign or malignant character and organ of origin. The presence of recurrent tumor in patients previously treated for pelvic malignancy was assessed, and the presence of abdominal metastatic disease was evaluated for all patients. CT was successful in a higher proportion of cases in detecting abdominal metastatic disease due to bowel gas's degrading the abdominal ultrasound scan images. In characterizing suspected pelvic masses and evaluating the presence of recurrent tumor, both CT and ultrasound scanning were accurate in approximately two-thirds of cases. The significant proportion of incorrect results indicates that neither technique is sufficiently accurate to preclude pathologic diagnosis of a pelvic mass or to substitute for exploratory surgery to assess recurrence of pelvic malignancy.

Female↗