Biomedical subjects

K Ishida

Publications and source records attributed to K Ishida.

At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources

PubMed1989

Surgical management of tachyarrhythmias.

In this study of surgical procedures for various tachyarrhythmias, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome comprised most of the cases. An endocardial approach was used to ablate accessory pathways. Additional use of cryocoagulation after surgical incision of the atrium, previously routinely performed, is at present only done occasionally for septal accessory pathways. Ventricular tachycardia (VT) was the next most frequent condition. The surgical procedures for ischemic and nonischemic VTs are completely different, although both are based on the principle of complete electrophysiologic mapping. For ischemic VT, surgery consists of resection of the left ventricular aneurysm and excision or cryocoagulation of the endocardium, or both. For nonischemic VT, either excision of the entire thickness of the myocardium (2.0 X 2.5 cm on average) at the earliest excitation site of the right ventricle and cryocoagulation of the area of delayed potential or only incision and cyrocoagulation of the left ventricle were performed to avoid reduction of the left ventricular cavity. Ectopic atrial tachycardia was cured by excision of the earliest excitation site without use of a heart-lung machine, when the focus was located in the atrial free wall. Other successful treatments were of reentrant atrial tachycardia by cryocoagulation, atrial flutter by cryocoagulation of impulse pathways at the coronary sinus and around the atrioventricular node, and a new surgery for atrial fibrillation and flutter, which retained sinus rhythm. Johnson's procedure was used for surgical ablation of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

GTP-dependent and -independent activation of superoxide producing NADPH oxidase in a neutrophil cell-free system.

GTP and GTP-gamma-S enhanced several-fold the NADPH-dependent superoxide production induced by sodium dodecyl sulfate in a cell-free system of pig neutrophils consisting of the membrane fraction and two cytosolic fractions separated by gel filtration. The enhanced activity was decreased by the addition of GDP in a dose-dependent manner, but 70% of the activity in the absence of GTP remained even at 1 mM GDP. Only one cytosol fraction besides the membrane fraction was required for the activation in the presence of GTP. The cytosol fraction was analyzed by chromatography on 2',5'-ADP agarose and two components responsible for the GTP-dependent and independent activation were separated. These results suggest that at least two pathways are available for the activation of superoxide production in the cell-free system of pig neutrophils.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

An attempt to reduce the photosensitizing potential of chlorpromazine with the simultaneous use of beta- and dimethyl-beta-cyclodextrins in guinea pigs.

The effects of topically applied beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CyD) and heptakis(2,6-di-O-methyl)-beta-cyclodextrin (DM-beta-CyD) on photoallergic contact dermatitis due to chlorpromazine hydrochloride (CPZ) were investigated using the photomaximization technique in guinea pigs. From the gross and histological observations, the photosensitizing potential of CPZ with the simultaneous topical use of beta-CyDs was significantly lower than that of CPZ alone. The alleviating efficacy of DM-beta-CyD was greater than that of beta-CyD. beta-CyDs suppressed the penetration of CPZ into the skin through the formation of poorly skin-permeable complexes. In addition, beta-CyDs inhibited (a) the photoinduced free radicals derived from CPZ in the isolated dry skin and (b) the in vitro photochemical binding of CPZ to bovine serum albumin. These observations suggest that beta-CyDs suppress the photochemical reactions between CPZ and biological macromolecules present in the skin, resulting in the failure to form a photoantigen. The present results indicate that DM-beta-CyD is particularly effective in alleviating photoallergic contact dermatitis due to CPZ.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Protective immunity against Angiostrongylus cantonensis in rats following sensitizing infections.

Three strains (ACI, August and Wistar) of rats previously sensitized by oral infection with intact third-stage larvae of Angiostrongylus cantonensis developed significant protective immunity to challenge infections 6 weeks later. The degree of the immunity was highest in the August strain of rats, followed by Wistar and ACI rats. Protective immunity appears to affect both third-stage larvae and fourth- and/or fifth-stage worms. ACI rats showed poor antibody responses, especially in the IgE fraction. When 24-day-old young adult worms were transferred from the brain of donor rats into the peritoneal cavity of sensitized rodents, peritoneal eosinophils predominantly adhered to the worm surfaces in vivo.

Angiostrongylus↗

PubMed1989

Isolation and characterization of bovine pancreastatin.

Bovine pancreastatin, a 47 amino acid residue peptide, was isolated from the pancreas and the pituitary gland using a chemical method which detects its C-terminal glycine amide structure. The complete amino acid sequence of the pancreatic peptide is 74% homologous to that of porcine pancreastatin and is identical to bovine chromogranin A-(248-294), as deduced from its cDNA sequence. The sequence of the first 28 amino-terminal residues of the pituitary peptide was determined to be identical to the corresponding sequence of the pancreatic peptide. Since the pituitary peptide also contains the C-terminal glycine amide, it is therefore likely to be identical in structure to the pancreatic peptide. Thus, we conclude that bovine chromogranin A is the precursor of bovine pancreastatin. Synthetic bovine pancreastatin inhibited pancreatic exocrine secretion in a similar manner to porcine pancreastatin.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Effect of 2',3'-dialdehyde NADPH on activation of superoxide-producing NADPH oxidase in a cell-free system of pig neutrophils.

We studied the effect of the 2',3'-dialdehyde derivative of NADPH on the activation of superoxide-producing oxidase in a cell-free system of pig neutrophils. The system consisted of a membrane fraction, two cytosolic fractions prepared by gel filtration, and arachidonic acid. Preincubation of one of the cytosolic fractions with the derivatives of NADPH and NADP+ caused the loss of its ability to activate the enzyme. The inactivation was effectively prevented by the addition of NADPH and NADP+. Neither the membrane fraction nor the other cytosolic fraction was affected by the derivatives. The results indicate that the NADPH binding component of the oxidase is present in the cytosolic fraction and may be translocated to the membrane fraction during the activation process in the cell-free system.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Postoperative instability of cervical OPLL and cervical radiculomyelopathy.

The presence of cervical spine instability with respect to preoperative and postoperative changes in angular, horizontal, and rotational displacement of the vertebral body were studied. With the anterior approach, the instability in the remaining unfused segments, and their relation to the kyphotic or lordotic fused segment were studied. With the posterior approach, postoperative ROM (range of motion) could be better maintained, and horizontal displacement was improved in more cases by laminoplasty compared with laminectomy. With the anterior approach, the compensatory function for the loss of motion of the segments resulting from fusion was most remarkable at the levels of C2-3 and C6-7. In the alignment of the anterior fused segments, it appears important that the physiologic lordotic position be maintained.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Characterization of IgG Fc receptors induced by human cytomegalovirus.

Immunoglobulin G Fc receptors (IgG FcRs) induced by human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) were isolated from solubilized HCMV-infected cell extracts by IgG affinity chromatography and analysed by Western blotting using 125I-labelled human IgG and Fc. FcR species of Mr 130K, 65K, 50K and 38K were found to mediate the binding of IgG. The 130K and 65K FcRs were also detected on HCMV virions. All four FcRs were reactive with a murine monoclonal antibody to herpes simplex virus glycoprotein E. Anti-HCMV antibodies markedly inhibited the binding of 125I-labelled human IgG Fc to the 130K and 50K species but inhibited to a lesser extent the binding to the 65K FcR.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Repeated antigen challenge induces airway hyperresponsiveness with tissue eosinophilia in guinea pigs.

To test the hypothesis that the development of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) lasting greater than or equal to 3 days after the last antigenic exposure required repeated mediator release, we compared dose-response changes in lung resistance (RL) to acetylcholine (ACh) in animals sensitized with 1% ovalbumin (OA), 4% Bordatella pertussis aerosol and subsequently challenged with 0.5% OA aerosol twice weekly for 4-6 wk vs. animals receiving saline aerosol instead of OA. Despite antihistamine pretreatment, each OA challenge produced cyanosis and inspiratory indrawing. Blood gas analysis in six guinea pigs revealed an immediate fall in arterial PO2 (PaO2) from 104.3 +/- 4.9 to 35.4 +/- 2.2 Torr after a 1-min exposure to aerosolized OA. ACh dose-response measurements of RL 3 days after the last OA challenge demonstrated a leftward shift and an increased magnitude of response. These differences were less marked at 7 days, and by 14 days after the last OA challenge, ACh dose-response curves were not different from those of control guinea pigs. Sensitization without repeated antigen challenge did not cause hyperresponsiveness. Morphometric analysis showed significantly increased numbers of eosinophils in the epithelium of airways in hyperresponsive guinea pigs, without neutrophil infiltration or alterations in epithelium and airway wall areas. We conclude that repeated antigenic challenge, but not sensitization alone, causes prolonged AHR in guinea pigs, which is associated with tissue eosinophilia.

Acetylcholine↗

PubMed1989

[Effects of carbon dioxide inhalation prior to maximal exercise on blood lactate and physical performance].

In order to examine the effect of acute respiratory acidosis induced by CO2 inhalation prior to maximal exercise on blood lactate and physical performance, double determinations were carried out for each subject on separate days; one day, after CO2 inhalation and other day, after inhalation of room air. It was observed that in the untrained subjects the CO2 inhalation prior to maximal treadmill exercise does not affect endurance time and maximum aerobic power, whereas blood lactate during recovery was lower in CO2 breathing than that in room air. In addition, no significant difference of 200m sprint time in the athletes was noticed between CO2 and room air while blood lactate after 200m sprint running was significantly lower in the CO2 than that in room air. From these results, it was suggested that the effect of CO2 inhalation prior to maximal exercise as applied here appeared to be mediate through metabolic rather than oxygen transport mechanism, but not related to physical performance.

Acidosis, Respiratory↗

PubMed1989

[Accuracy of complete dental arch impressions and stone casts using a three-dimensional measurement system. Effect on accuracy of rubber impression materials and trays].

The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the accuracy of complete dental arch impressions and stone casts made from two kinds of impression materials (addition type silicone and polysulfide rubber) and trays (custom tray and modified custom tray). In addition, the effect of quantity of gypsum was examined. Impressions were made from a metallic model of a simplified maxillary dentition. Impressions and stone casts were measured respectively using the three-dimensional measuring microscope. The results were as follows: 1. Distortion of impressions was so small that the reproducibility of impressions was superior three-dimensionally. 2. These kinds of impressions and trays did not influence the accuracy of impressions but had an effect on the accuracy of the stone casts. 3. Generally, the setting expansion of gypsum in the impression occurred in all directions. 4. Arch widths and lengths on the stone casts tended to increase in number. 5. Stone casts made from an addition/type silicone impression material and a custom tray were the most accurate because the combination of the impression material and tray effectively suppressed the setting expansion of gypsum. 6. By controlling the quantity of gypsum, the accuracy of stone casts could be improved.

Dental Impression Materials↗

PubMed1989

[Immunologic evaluation in patients with lung cancer with special regard to peripheral blood natural killer cell activity and interleukin-2 productivity].

Thirteen patients with lung cancer and 62 age-matched control subjects were investigated in this study (68.5 +/- 2.7 y.o. and 70.5 +/- 1.1 y.o. respectively). The peripheral blood natural killer (NK) cell activity of patients with lung cancer and control subjects was 59.3 +/- 4.4% and 69.3 +/- 1.8%, respectively. The NK cell activity in these patients was significantly lower than the NK activity of control subjects (p less than 0.05). The Interleukin-2 (IL-2) productivity of stimulated peripheral lymphocytes from patients with lung cancer was 4.96 +/- 0.99 unit, and from control subjects was 12.31 +/- 1.51 unit. When compared with control subjects, the IL-2 productivity in the patients with lung cancer was significantly lower (p less than 0.05). There were no differences in values of OKT series or OKT4/OKT8 ratio between these patients and control subjects. Ten of the 13 patients received schizophyllan intramuscularly once a week (40 mg/week). The NK cell activity was significantly increased on the second day after the second injection of schizophyllan, but there was no change in IL-2 productivity. We conclude that the peripheral blood NK cell activity and IL-2 productivity of patients with lung cancer was decreased. The antitumor polysaccharide, schizophyllan, temporarily raised the NK cell activity of these patients.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1989

A phase II study of vindesine in the treatment of esophageal carcinoma. Japanese Esophageal Oncology Group.

A phase II study of Vindesine for esophageal carcinoma was carried out cooperatively by 10 Japanese institutions. Fifty patients were enrolled in the study over a year and ten months. Four patients could not be evaluated because less than 4 weeks had elapsed since their preceding therapy. There were one complete remission and five partial remissions among the 46 remaining patients, a response rate of 13.0%. The patient experiencing the complete remission is still alive more than 24 months after treatment. The main side effects were depilation, anorexia, stomatitis and leukopenia. Thrombocytopenia and elevations of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine were not marked. There was no mortality connected with the administration of Vindesine. It was concluded that Vindesine is useful in the treatment of esophageal carcinoma as a single agent.

Aged↗

PubMed1989

[The influence of cigarette smoke on metabolism of eicosanoids in rat lung in terms of variation of 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid and 11-dehydrothromboxane B2].

We investigated the effects of cigarette smoking on metabolism of two eicosanoids, 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) and 11-dehydrothromboxane B2 (11-dehydro-TXB2) in the lung. Twelve female Wistar rats aged between 5 and 6 weeks were chosen and the smoking group (SG, n = 6) was compared to the control group (CG, n = 6). Cigarette smoke exposure was performed using a Hamburg-II inhalation apparatus and the dose was 10 cigarettes in 30 min. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was conducted 30 min after smoking exposure and the recovered BAL fluid was centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 min. The levels of 15-HETE and 11-dehydro-TXB2 of the supernatant were measured by radioimmunoassay in each sample. Recovered 15-HETE significantly increased in SG (SG: 490 +/- 109 pg, CG: 191 +/- 63 pg, p less than 0.05), while there was no significant difference in recovered protein (SG: 2.64 +/- 0.50 mg, CG: 2.23 +/- 0.10 mg), 11-dehydro-TXB2 (SG: 128 +/- 13 pg, CG: 156 +/- 7 pg). We conclude that acute cigarette smoke exposure increases recovered BAL fluid 15-HETE, a potent inflammatory mediator and that 15-HETE in BAL fluid may indicate lung injury induced by smoking.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

[Out-of-hospital sudden cardiac death: a comparative study spanning 10 years].

Incidence, etiology and time zones of sudden cardiac deaths were compared for 1986 and 1976. Totals of 1,140 cases of acute endogeneous deaths, 590 in 1986 and 550 in 1976, were sent for coroner's inquest in Kanagawa Prefecture. These were the materials for the present study. Sudden cardiac deaths included 239 (46.1%) in 1986 and 137 (37.4%) cases in 1976 in males, and 81 (47.1%) in 1986 and 74 (40.0%) cases in 1976 in females. There were 129 (21.9%) and 163 (29.6%) cases with cerebral hemorrhages in 1986 and 1976, respectively. The acute cardiac death was the most frequent cause among acute endogenous deaths, and it approximately doubled among males during an interval of 10 years. It was related to a marked increase in ischemic heart disease (from 89 to 170 cases) in males compared to a slight increase among females (from 58 to 76 cases). Non-ischemic acute cardiac deaths were frequently noted in males; 38 (27.7%) and 27 (11.4%) cases in 1976 and 1986, respectively. In ischemic heart disease, deaths most frequently occurred about midnight (from 12 a.m. to 1 a.m.) or in the evening (from 5 p.m. to 6 p.m.), and deaths due to acute cardiac failure occurred during sleep. Time zones of evening deaths in ischemic heart disease corresponded to the report of Muller et al., but, the peak about midnight was not reported. This difference may be explained by the circadian rhythm theory, however, heavy alcohol intake and spasmogenicity in the Japanese people may also play roles in midnight deaths.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

[Extensive lymphadenectomy in thoracic esophageal carcinoma].

The operative results of an extensive lymphadenectomy for thoracic esophageal carcinoma were presented in this paper. PATIENTS AND METHODS. One hundred and forty-seven patients with thoracic esophageal carcinoma were operated on for 7 years from 1979 to 1986. Nineteen of 147 underwent extensive lymphadenectomy while the others underwent the conventional lymphadenectomy. In the conventional lymphadenectomy, paraesophageal nodes and right paratracheal nodes were dissected in the upper upper mediastinum and cervical nodes were not dissected; on the other hand, in the extensive lymphadenectomy, paraesophageal nodes, bilateral paratracheal and tracheobronchial nodes, pretracheal nodes and anterior mediastinal nodes were removed, as well as bilateral deep cervical and supraclavicular nodes. There was no difference in lymph node dissection in the inferior mediastinum and the abdomen between the 2 groups. RESULTS. There was no difference in stage distribution between the 2 groups. There was no operation death in either group. The survival rate of the conventional lymphadenectomy group was 50% at 1 year, 28.8% at 3 years and 24.9% at 5 year; on the other hand, that of the extensive lymphadenectomy group was 73.7% at 1 year, 52.6% at 3 years and 46.8% at 5 years. There were no differences in blood loss and the incidence of anastomotic leakage between the 2 groups, but, the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complication and temporary recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy was higher in the extensive lymphadenectomy group. CONCLUSION. The results suggest that extensive lymphadenectomy improves the survival rate after operation for patients with thoracic esophageal carcinoma. At present, this procedure should be applied for selected patients with good general condition because of the greater surgical stress.

Cranial Nerve Diseases↗

PubMed1989

[The clinicopathologic analysis of autopsied breast cancer].

In 46 patients with recurrent breast cancer, the chronological change of pathomorphologic findings and its relationship with the clinical courses were studied with the comparison between the materials obtained at the time of operations and autopsies. Histologically, 24 cases (52.2%) showed undifferentiated change with time, and 22 cases (47.8%), no change. There were no cases with differentiation. The cases with undifferentiated change progressed acutely with no response to treatment, resulting in poor prognosis. Some of these cases showed metastatic behavior similar to leukemia, malignant lymphoma or small cell carcinoma of lung. It was suggested that the chronological and histological change was to some extent related to the clinical course.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

[Surgical treatment of ventricular tachycardia caused by abnormal muscle band].

A 57-year-old male was introduced to our hospital for his drug resistant non-ischemic ventricular tachycardia causing faintness attack. Preoperative electrophysiological studies led to a diagnosis of ventricular tachycardia originating from the right ventricular outflow tract. After ventriculotomy, an abnormal muscle band was noticed in the right ventricular outflow tract, which seemed to be a focus of tachycardia by endocardial mapping. Myocardial excision with the abnormal muscle band was performed. In addition to, cryoablation was performed surrounding this area. After the operation, the ventricular tachycardia disappeared completely. No antiarrhythmic drug have been required at 18 months postoperative months.

Cryosurgery↗