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Biomedical subjects

K Ishida

Publications and source records attributed to K Ishida.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Increased in vitro responses of tracheal smooth muscle from hyperresponsive guinea pigs.

Repeated aerosol antigen challenge of previously sensitized guinea pigs induces airway hyperresponsiveness to inhaled acetylcholine. To determine the mechanism producing these airway changes and assuming that changes in the trachealis muscle reflect changes in muscle of the entire tracheobronchial tree, we examined the in vitro smooth muscle mechanics and morphometric parameters of tracheae from guinea pigs demonstrating hyperresponsiveness in vivo vs. tracheae from control guinea pigs. No differences between these groups were found in luminal volume at zero transmural pressure, passive pressure-volume characteristics, or area of airway wall. Smooth muscle areas were slightly less in tracheae from hyperresponsive guinea pigs. Tracheae from hyperresponsive guinea pigs had both significantly increased isovolumetric force generation and isobaric shortening compared with tracheae from controls when evaluated over the range of transmural pressures from -40 to 40 cmH2O. We conclude that the in vivo airway hyperresponsiveness induced with repeated antigen challenge is associated with both increased force generation and shortening of tracheal smooth muscle without increased muscle mass, suggesting enhanced contractile activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Effects of elastic loading on porcine trachealis muscle mechanics.

To shorten in vivo, airway smooth muscle must overcome an elastic load provided by cartilage and lung parenchyma. We examined the effects of linear elastic loads (0.2-80 g/cm) on the active changes in porcine trachealis muscle length and tension in response to electrical field stimulation in vitro. Increasing elastic loads produced an exponential decrease in the shortening and velocity of shortening while causing an increase in tension generation of muscle strips stimulated by electrical field stimulation. Shortening was decreased by 50% at a load of 8 g/cm. At small elastic loads (less than or equal to 1 g/cm) contractile responses approximated isotonic responses (shortening approximately 60% of starting length), whereas at large loads (20 g/cm) responses approximated isometric responses with minimal shortening (20%). We conclude that elastic loading significantly alters the mechanical properties of airway smooth muscle in vitro, effects that are likely relevant to the loads against which the smooth muscle must contract in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Out-of-hospital sudden cardiac death following myocardial infarction in urban population.

Samples of out patient sudden cardiac deaths in Kanagawa Urban prefecture from 1972-1987 and coronary risk factors were studied to determine the increase and/or decrease of myocardial infaction deaths. On the whole death from myocardial infarction increased chronologically, and the rate for females tended to be increased further. The age adjusted myocardial infarction deaths doubled over 10 years, while non-ischemic acute cardiac failure decreased with each generation. Other cardiac diseases tended to be reduced. Cigarette smoking was the highest in advanced countries in male. These findings suggest that deaths from myocard infarction approximately doubled in 10 years in all out-of hospital sudden cardiac deaths. Cigarette smoking from a young age was as great risk as future ischemic heart disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Effects of acute hypoxia on ventilatory response at the onset of submaximal exercise.

In order to investigate the effects of acute hypoxia and accompanying hypocapnia on the ventilatory response at the onset of dynamic exercise, four healthy adult men performed 50W rectangular loads on a cycle-ergometer in normoxic (FIO2 = 0.21) and hypoxic (FIO2 = 0.11) conditions. No statistically significant differences in the initial ventilatory responses to exercise (both delta VI and delta VE assessed on a breath-by-breath basis) were found between eucapnic normoxia (PETO2 approximately 95, PETCO2 approximately 42 Torr) and hypocapnic hypoxia (PETO2 approximately 45, PETCO2 approximately 35 Torr). The present findings support the contention that the neurogenic ventilatory drive at the onset of early exercise is independent from PO2 and PCO2.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Seasonal variations of ventilatory response to hypercapnia at rest.

In order to examine the seasonal variation of CO2 sensitivity, the slope (S) of the ventilatory response to CO2 was determined in 10 healthy males throughout a year. It was found that the average value of logarithm S was significantly (p less than 0.05) higher in the September than in the annual average, though average magnitude of S was not significantly different. In addition, the average value of ventilation (VE(60] corresponding of PACO2 60 mmHg was significantly (p less than 0.05) lower in January than in September. These results indicate that the timing of the start and/or finish of training is an important factor in the effect of physical training on the S and VE(60).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Cisplatin and vinca alkaloid combination chemotherapy of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer in the aged].

Fifteen patients aged over 65 years of age with advanced non-small-cl lung cancer (mean age = 70.7, stage IIIb: IV = 4:11) were treated with combination chemotherapy consisting of Cisplatin (50 or 80 mg/m2) and a vinca-alkaloid (Vindesine 3 mg/m2 or Etoposide 80 mg/m2). The effectiveness and side effects of this cisplatin therapy in different combinations of vinca-alkaloid regimens (Vindesine vs Etoposide) were examined. The mean dose of Cisplatin in the Etoposide combination group (75.2 mg/m2) was significantly higher than that in the Vindesine combination group (54.3 mg/m2) (p less than 0.01). A notable reduction the tumor size was observed in 25% of the Etoposide group, only. The 6-month survival rate and one-year survival rate were respectively 85.7%, 57.1% in the Vindesine + Cisplatin group, and 87.5%, 50% in the Etoposide + Cisplatin group. The common side effects were nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and alopecia. These symptoms were either alleviated by antiemetic drugs or followed by spontaneous recovery. Leucopenia, anemia and thrombocytopenia were found in both groups, and there was no difference in the time course of myelosuppression between the two groups. The extent of nephrotoxicity was assessed by creatinine clearance rate. Its decrease in the Vindesine group (60.1----38.9 ml/min) was higher than that in the Etoposide group (64.9----48.9 ml/min), while there was no significant change in BUN, serum creatinine and urine NAG between the two groups. There were no cases in which chemotherapy schedules had to be interrupted due to myelosuppression and nephrotoxicity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Analysis of ventilatory parameters of nocturnal disturbed breathing in the elderly].

To elucidate the effects of aging on ventilation in nocturnal disturbed breathing (NDB), we investigated 16 subjects aged 65 years or over with system developed by the authors using a respiratory inductive plethysmography connected to a personal computer. The subjects underwent 10 hours of continuous monitoring of lung volume and SaO2. Significant desaturation (SDS, greater than 4% drop in SaO2 from baseline value) and desaturation index [DI, sigma SDS(%) X duration (hr)] were calculated using the same program. The subjects with SDS below 50 were assigned to group A (n = 9, mean age = 79.7, male:female = 8:1) and the remaining subjects with SDS over 50 (n = 7, mean age = 74.7, male:female = 3:4) to group B. There was no significant difference in ventilatory parameters between group A and B. We then compared the male group (n = 11, mean age = 77.8) with the female group (n = 5, mean age = 76.8). The number of SDS in the female group (101.4 +/- 34.7) was significantly greater than that of the male group (33.4 +/- 8.3*, p less than 0.02), while minute ventilation of the female group (5.25 +/- 0.31 l/min) was significantly smaller than that of the male group (8.86 +/- 1.36* l/min, p less than 0.05). DI was found to significantly correlate with the SaO2 nadir and the number of apnea and SDS. There was no significant relationship between SDS and ventilatory parameters in this study. NDB among elderly female may be of more importance than has been reported.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[A case of epipharyngeal tuberculosis with tuberculosis otitis media].

A 23-years-old female with no known previous contact with tuberculosis complained of right otorrhea. Treatment with antibiotics agent was resisted, and a tympanic perforation became two. Her tuberculin test was positive, but her chest X-ray showed no signs of lung tuberculosis. Posterior rhinoscopy revealed a granuloma in the epipharynx. Histological examination of a biopsy specimen revealed tuberculosis changes. Treatment with antituberculosis agents, SM.INH.RFP greatly reduced the mass and the tympanic perforation.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Skin surface pH of hemodialysis patients].

The skin surface pH of 88 patients undergoing hemodialysis was investigated. The average of skin surface pH as measured at four different sites (forehead, forearm, palm and lower leg) was 4.5-5.0 and 5.0-6.0 in normal subjects and patients respectively. The difference in the two results was regarded as significant by Student's t test (p less than 0.01).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical evaluation of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) spray: a study on the plasma concentrations of ISDN and on its hemodynamic effects using three administration routes].

The effects of ISDN spray has been evaluated using oral, nasal or tracheal routes in patients under enflurane anesthesia. These 30 patients were in ASA I or II physical status without cardiovascular, kidney or liver diseases. Under enflurane anesthesia, hemodynamic parameters (blood pressure and heart rate), blood gas and plasma concentration of ISDN were measured at several points before and after drug administration. The plasma concentration reached a maximum point (C max) 4 min after drug administration in the oral group (O-group) and nasal group (N-group), and the values obtained were 48.4 +/- 5.4 ng.ml-1 and 87.4 +/- 13.8 ng.ml-1 respectively. The C max of the N-group was significantly higher than that of O-group (P less than 0.05). In the O- and N-groups, systolic blood pressure decreased 10% and 17%, after 4 min (P less than 0.05) and recovered 20 after min. Diastolic blood pressure decreased in both groups after 4 min (P less than 0.05). Heart rate significantly increased in the N-group (P less than 0.05), and continued to change up to 60 min after drug administration. In both groups, PaO2/FIO2 decreased 14% and 9% after 10 min (P less than 0.01). In the tracheal group, plasma concentration did not increase and these hemodynamic changes were not observed. These results suggest that nasal route of ISDN spray is the best route of administration.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1990

Accuracy of complete dental arch impressions and stone casts using a three-dimensional measurement system. Effects on accuracy of rubber impression materials and trays.

The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the accuracy of complete dental arch impressions and stone casts made with two kinds of impression materials (addition-type silicone and polysulfide rubber) and trays (custom tray and modified custom tray). In addition, the effect of the quantity of stone was examined. Impressions were made from a metallic model of a simplified maxillary dentition. Impressions and stone casts were measured respectively with a three-dimensional measuring microscope. The results were as follows: 1. Distortions of impressions were so small that the reproducibilities of impressions were superior three-dimensionally. These kinds of impressions and trays did not influence the accuracy of impressions. 2. The setting expansion of the stone in the impression occurred in the outward direction and was affected by the kinds of impressions and trays. 3. The arch widths and lengths of the stone casts tended to increase in number. 4. Stone casts made with addition-type silicone impression material and a custom tray were the most accurate because the combination of the impression material and tray effectively suppressed the setting expansion of stone. 5. The accuracy of stone casts could be improved by controlling the quantity of stone.

Calcium Sulfate↗
PubMed1990

Microalbuminuria in subjects with no history of diabetes mellitus and hypertension: the relationship with hyperglycemia and high blood pressure at non-diagnostic level.

1969 subjects underwent albumin index [A.I., urine microalbumin (mg/liter)/creatinine (g/liter)] in early morning urine, 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), determination of plasma lipids (total cholesterol, triglyceride and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol) and a resting electrocardiogram. There was no history of treatment for diabetes mellitus and hypertension. The relationship between microalbuminuria, and hyperglycemia or high blood pressure at non-diagnostic level was examined. Then, plasma lipid levels or changes in electrocardiogram were correlated with the degree of microalbuminuria. Subjects were divided into 4 groups according to 75 gOGTT and into 3 groups according to blood pressure based on WHO definition, and A.I. was divided into 4 categories (0-9.9, 10.0-19.9, 20.0-49.9, and 50.0-199.9 mg/gCr). Mildly or moderately enhanced microalbuminuria (A.I.) was found in subjects with hyperglycemia or high blood pressure at non-diagnostic level. In normotensive subjects, neither hyperglycemia in fasting nor after glucose challenge increased urine microalbumin above normal range, while in borderline hypertensives, diabetic glucose intolerance produced 2 and 3 fold increases respectively compared with normotensives. There was a linear increase in urine microalbumin in relation to the glucose intolerance in newly diagnosed hypertensives. No correlation could be found between microalbuminuria and plasma lipid levels, while the prevalence of electrocardiographic changes increased 3 folds in group with the heaviest microalbuminuria compared with the other 3 groups excreting less microalbumin.

Albuminuria↗
PubMed1990

Distraction arthroplasty of the hip by bicentric femoral head prosthesis.

Distraction arthroplasty of the hip with bicentric femoral head prosthesis was performed on 18 hips with advanced secondary osteoarthritis. This method of hip arthroplasty consists of reconstruction of the deformed acetabulum into the dome-shaped acetabulum, replacement of the femoral head by the bicentric femoral head prosthesis, and postoperative continuous long-axis traction to the lower extremity. Postoperative physical therapy is performed on the assumption that the articular cartilage is formed in a narrow empty space between the articular surfaces made by continued application of distraction to the hip. In distraction arthroplasty, the hip may regain a wide range of painless motion. Roentgenographically, the dome-shaped acetabulum was covered by a narrow radiolucent zone backed with a dense bone plate. The functionally remodeled structure of the hip was maintained during the follow-up period of six months to four years 11 months.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1990

[Anesthetic management of coronary artery bypass graft operation in a patient with hypothyroidism].

We experienced the anesthetic management of coronary artery bypass graft operation (3 vessels) in a patient with hypothyroidism. Prior to the operation, the substitution therapy for thyroid hormone was performed, but thyroid function could not be normalized. From 30 minutes after starting cardiopulmonary bypass, edema appeared on four limbs. Also, edema of intestinal tract and the distended abdomen was observed. By administering T4 preparation intravenously edema diminished within about 2 hours without exhibiting any change in ECG findings and hemodynamics. This case may suggest that the intraoperative substitution of thyroid hormone is a safe and effective method in a patient with hypothyroidism.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Preclinical evaluation of several cisplatinum analogs against human esophageal carcinoma by subrenal capsule assay].

The antitumor activities of CDDP analogs (CBD-CA, NK-121, 254-S) were evaluated preclinically by subrenal capsule assay (SRCA) with cyclophosphamide pretreatment. In the fundamental study, the antitumor activities against serially transplanted human esophageal cancer xenograft (IMEs-1) were compared with subcutaneous transplantation assay in nude mice and SRCA. The antitumor activities in SRCA were similar to those of in nude mice assay system (CBDCA greater than CDDP greater than 254-S greater than NK-121). Thus SRCA was considered to be useful for the evaluation of the activities of these agents. The activities were also tested against 10 human esophageal tumors obtained clinically. The sensitivity rate of these agents were 50% in CDDP, 30% in CBDCA, 30% in NK-121, and 30% in 254-S, respectively. These analogs seemed to be less effective than CDDP. However, in two cases, analogs were active though CDDP were inactive. The results suggest that these analogs are useful for the cases in which CDDP can not be given due to the toxicities and also for outpatient use.

Animals↗