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Biomedical subjects

K Ishida

Publications and source records attributed to K Ishida.

At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Long-term results of intra-arterial infusion therapy using cis-DDP (CDDP) in thoracic esophageal cancer].

The effects of intra arterial infusion therapy using CDDP for patients with thoracic esophageal cancer were investigated. From June 1984 to December 1988, 25 of 146 resected patients with thoracic esophageal cancer underwent preoperative therapy in our institute. All of these patients it was suspected preoperatively that their chief lesion had invaded to the aorta, trachea or main bronchi. Preoperative radio-chemotherapy with intra arterial infusion therapy was given to 10 of 25 patients (A group), and without intra arterial infusion therapy to 15 of 25 patients (B group). CDDP 75 mg was infused into the proper esophageal artery. In A group, 7 of 10 (70%) showed moderately or marked effects in histologic study, although in B group, only 4 of 15 (27%) did so. As for long-term results, the 2-year survival rates were 50% in A group and 13% in B group (Kaplan-Meier method. Preoperative intra arterial infusion therapy using CDDP with radio-chemotherapy showed markedly better effects in histologic study and survival rates than preoperative radio-chemotherapy without intra arterial infusion therapy. We consider that this therapy is very useful for controlling the local lesion in advanced esophageal cancer.

Cisplatin↗
PubMed1988

Mechanism of action of nicotine in isolated iris sphincter preparations of rabbit.

1. Nicotine produced a transient contraction of rabbit isolated iris sphincter muscle, a parasympathetic ganglion-free tissue. The response to nicotine was antagonized by hexamethonium, but was insensitive to tetrodotoxin (TTX). While single treatments with atropine, capsaicin or [D-Arg1, D-Pro2, D-Trp7,9, Leu11]-substance P (rpwwL-SP) partially blocked the response, combined treatment abolished it. 2. Chronic treatment of animals with nicotine added to the drinking water (about 12 mg kg-1 per day) had no effect on the responsiveness to nicotine or the pharmacological properties of nicotine-induced contraction. 3. These results suggest that acetylcholine and tachykinin(s) released via sodium channel-independent mechanisms from nerve terminals of parasympathetic and primary sensory nerves, respectively, are involved in the nicotine-induced contractile response.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Clinical, hemodynamic, and hemorheological effects of isovolemic hemodilution in acute cerebral infarction.

The effect of isovolemic hemodilution on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and neurological symptoms in 35 patients with acute ischemic stroke was evaluated. Twenty-one patients had internal carotid artery occlusion, and 14 had middle cerebral artery occlusion. Isovolemic hemodilution combined with venesection and the administration of fresh plasma to reduce the hematocrit (Hct) to 33% was performed within 72 hours of the onset of symptoms. The Hct decreased by 27% and was correlated directly with whole blood viscosity (WBV) at a shear rate of 10 sec-1 after the hemodilution. The cardiac output increased by 29% after hemodilution without significant alterations in cerebral perfusion pressure and showed a good inverse correlation with the Hct and the WBV. The rCBF of the area supplied by the ischemic middle cerebral artery (MCA) increased by 30% and was related inversely to the Hct and the WBV. The cerebrospinal fluid pressure increased by 16%, but no symptoms of raised intracranial pressure were observed. The N20 peak latency of the sensory evoked potential decreased by 5%, and the neurological score was improved by 12%. Isovolemic hemodilution thus resulted in an increase of the rCBF in the area supplied by the affected MCA, leading to significant neurological improvement.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Clinical study of late potentials--comparison of late potentials in myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy and idiopathic ventricular tachycardia.

Late potentials (LPs) were studied using the signal averaging technique in 80 patients with myocardial infarction (MI), idiopathic cardiomyopathy (CM) and idiopathic ventricular tachycardia (IVT). In MI, LP duration was 28.4 +/- 12.6 ms in the sustained VT group (I; 8 cases); 18.6 +/- 9.0 ms in the non-sustained VT group (II; 11 cases); and 14.4 +/- 8.6 ms in the non-VT group (III; 21 cases); (p less than 0.05 in I vs II, p less than 0.01 in I vs III and not significant in II vs III). In CM, it was 33.7 +/- 13.0 ms in group I (6 cases); 20.1 +/- 5.9 ms in group II (12 cases); and 7.1 +/- 9.2 ms in group III (14 cases); (p less than 0.01 in I vs II, I vs III and II vs III). The LP duration in IVT (8 cases) was 15.6 +/- 10.4 ms, which was significantly shorter than that of group I in MI and CM (p less than 0.05 vs MI and p less than 0.01 vs CM). Late potential duration was also compared between a pacing-inducible VT group and a non-inducible VT group. The mean value of LP duration in the inducible VT group of MI was significantly longer than that in the non-inducible group (27.8 +/- 3.9 ms in 4 cases vs 17.3 +/- 2.5 ms in 4 cases, p less than 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in LP duration between the inducible and non-inducible groups of CM (22.0 +/- 11.0 ms in 5 cases vs 22.2 +/- 13.6 ms in 5 cases).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Effects of prolonged physical training on ventilatory response to hypercapnia.

In order to determine whether or not resting ventilatory response to hypercapnia is changed by physical training, we studied the effect of long-term physical training on the slope of ventilatory response to CO2 at rest. The subjects were 9 untrained freshmen ranging in age from 18 to 20 years. Five out of nine subjects belonged to the badminton team after entering university in April 1980, and participated in their team's training for about 3 hr per day, 3 times a week year round for about 4 years until March 1984. Maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max), maximum pulmonary ventilation (VEmax) and maximum heart rate (HR max) were determined during maximal treadmill exercise before and after training. The slope (S) of ventilatory response to carbon dioxide at rest was measured by Read's rebreathing method. VO2max increased after training in the trained subjects and mean values of VO2max which were measured in 1982, 1983, and 1984, were statistically higher than that of 1980. Similar tendency was observed in VEmax and VO2max/W. Average values and standard deviations of S before training were 1.91 +/- 0.52 liter/min/torr and were decreased gradually with increasing training period; the differences in the S value before (1980) and after training, i.e., 1982, 1983, and 1984, were all significant. Such difference could still be seen after S was recalculated as SN by using normalized ventilation for 70 kg body weight, while there were no significant differences in the S and SN between baseline and repeated studies in the untrained group. In addition, CO2 responsiveness was found to correlate negatively with maximum oxygen uptake in 4 out of the 5 trained subjects. These results suggest that in normal subjects, long-term physical training, as in the present study, decreases CO2 responsiveness at rest.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Effects of CO2 inhalation prior to maximal exercise on physical performance.

In the untrained subjects, inhalation of 4.5-6.0% CO2 prior to maximal treadmill exercise does not affect physical performance and maximum oxygen uptake, while blood lactate levels during recovery have a tendency to greater decrease in CO2 breathing than that in the room-air breathing. It was suggested that CO2 inhalation immediately prior to maximal exercise as applied here is not a useful tool in increasing physical performance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[A study of 6-day subrenal capsule assay with cyclophosphamide pretreatment--histological evaluation of clinical samples].

In order to suppress the host immune reaction in subrenal capsule assay (SRCA), effect of cyclophosphamide (CPM) was evaluated histologically in 25 fresh clinical samples. In 21 out of 25 clinical samples, the extent of lymphocyte infiltration was minimal, and in all samples the host reaction was suppressed significantly by CPM pretreatment. However, tumor cells were well preserved in only 10 out of 20 samples obtained from esophageal cancer patients. With the samples obtained from gastric and colorectal cancer patients, there were no tumor cells in the subrenal space on day 6. Persistence of tumor cells was well recognized in the samples having rich tumor and less stromal cells. The xenografts with moderately to well-preserved cancer cells showed an increase of the tumor size as expressed by delta TS. Though many xenografts showed a positive delta TS, preservation of tumor cells was poor. In each of the drug treated groups, a decrease of the tumor size and the histological effects were well correlated. It is suggested that 6-day SRCA with CPM pretreatment is useful as a chemosensitivity test, especially for the esophageal cancer whose tumor cells were well preserved.

Colonic Neoplasms↗