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Biomedical subjects

K Hoshi

Publications and source records attributed to K Hoshi.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

A case of adult T-cell leukemia with metastatic calcification.

We report a case of adult T-cell leukemia with increased uptake in both lungs which was detected by a bone scan using 99mTc-MDP. This finding is thought to have been caused by the metastatic calcification which is associated with ectopic parathormone production.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Relation between 201Tl to 67Ga uptake ratio and histological type in primary lung cancer.

Quantitative 201Tl and 67Ga scans were performed on 44 patients with primary lung cancer to ascertain the differences in 201Tl and 67Ga uptake by tumors; especially the crude uptake ratio (CUR) of 201Tl to 67Ga was evaluated in relation to histological type. Adenocarcinomas showed a CUR of 2.00 +/- 1.55, the greatest value among all histological types. Epidermoid carcinomas and oat cell carcinomas had CURs of 0.47 +/- 0.30 and 0.37 +/- 0.05, respectively, both showing significantly lower values than adenocarcinomas (P less than 0.01). On the other hand, adenosquamous carcinomas indicated a CUR of 0.91 +/- 0.15, an intermediate value between adenocarcinomas and epidermoid carcinomas (P less than 0.05). These results indicated that 201Tl and 67Ga uptake by lung cancer was closely correlated with histological type, and also suggested that 201Tl and 67Ga scans enabled various histogeneses of lung cancer to be visualized.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Effect of repeated administration of monomethyl-aminoantipyrine on the activities of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase and microsomal drug metabolizing enzymes in rat liver.

The effects of consecutive administration of 4-monomethylaminoantipyrine, a metabolite of aminopyrine, on the gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activities of liver, kidney, urine and serum were investigated in rats. On day 5 after repeated treatment, a pronounced increase of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activity was seen in the liver homogenate as well as in the hepatic microsomes. Furthermore, simultaneous administration of 4-monomethylaminoantipyrine with phenobarbital increased to the same degree as compared with the single administration of aminopyrine. However, no change in gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activity was observed in kidney, urine, serum and hepatic cytosolic fractions. Under the same experimental condition, the contents of cytochrome P-450 and b5, NADPH cytochrome c reductase, the activities of aminopyrine N-demethylase and aniline hydroxylase were also enhanced.

Aminopyrine↗
PubMed1985

[The influence of various molecules on the occurrence of the human sperm acrosome reaction].

The acrosome reaction is essential for fertilization, but the mechanism of the acrosome reaction of human spermatozoa is not clear at the present time. We studied the mechanism to analyze the cause of unexplained infertility, the appropriate timing of insemination, and the environment of spermatozoa prior to fertilization. For this study, we examined the effects of Ca++, Mg++, Kallikrein, Phospholipase A2, p-bromophenacyl bromide (Phospholipase A2 specific inhibitor), Lysophosphatidyl choline, Arachidonic acid, and Glyceryl monooleate using in vitro penetration assay employing zona- free hamster eggs. Results obtained were as follows. When human spermatozoa were incubated in mBWW with Ca++ or (and) Mg++ free medium, the acrosome reaction was inhibited. When human spermatozoa were incubated in mBWW with Kallikrein (1.0-4.0 KU ml), the acrosome reaction was promoted. When Phospholipase A2 was used at concentrations of 0.2 and 2.0 unit/ml, penetration rates showed the same tendency as in the control. But when p-bromophenacyl bromide was tested at concentrations of 1 X 10(-5) - 1 X 10(-3)M, penetration rates were inhibited when compared with the control. When human spermatozoa were incubated in medium containing Lysophosphatidyl choline (50 micrograms/ml), Arachidonic acid (5-50 micrograms/ml), and Glyceryl monoleate (300-400 micrograms/ml), the acrosome reaction was accelerated.

Acrosome↗
PubMed1985

Double-blind study with liposteroid in rheumatoid arthritis.

A multicentre double-blind comparative trial was performed in 138 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) after biweekly intravenous or intramuscular injections of liposteroid (containing 2.5 mg of dexamethasone), which had been developed as a drug for targeting therapy of RA, and Decadron (containing 3.3 mg of dexamethasone) as a reference drug. The results showed a tendency to a significantly higher rate of improvement with lower frequency of side-effects in the liposteroid group than in the Decadron group. This study indicates that liposteroid is more useful for RA and that the separation of the efficacy and side-effects of steroids could be clinically confirmed to some extent.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1985

[Effects of the addition of serum albumin on penetration of human spermatozoa into zona-free hamster eggs].

Since Yanagimachi et al. (1976) suggested that human spermatozoa were capable of penetrating into zona-free hamster eggs, this in vitro assay has been used to analyse the fertilizing ability of human spermatozoa. Serum albumin is an important constituent of the medium used for the assay. However, a great variation in the rate of sperm penetration was observed in the use of different albumin preparations at different concentrations. Therefore we examined the effects of three different kinds of albumin preparations on the rate of human sperm penetration into zona-free hamster eggs. The results obtained were as follows. The percentages of eggs being penetrated by spermatozoa from three fertile donors A,B, and C, were assessed. When Fraction V, Globulin Free and Fatty Acid Free albumin preparations were tested at a concentration of 3.5% (W/V) by the assay using sperm from donor A, penetration rates were 13.3%, 97.4%, and 8.7% respectively. Dilution of the albumin concentration to 0.3% considerably changed the penetration rates to 64.4%, 78.8% and 12.1% in that order. In cases B and C, penetration rates showed the same tendency as in case A. alpha 1 and alpha 2 globulin fractions contaminated in the Fraction V preparation possibly inhibit the human sperm penetration into zona-free hamster eggs. An appropriate quantity of fatty acid is necessary for human spermatozoa to penetrate into zona-free hamster eggs, because penetration rates were low in the percentage of Fatty Acid Free albumin regardless of the concentration added. It is concluded that use of the same preparation of good quality is mandatory for human sperm penetration tests using zona-free hamster eggs to evaluate the results with reproducibility and accuracy.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Endoscopic and histopathological studies of experimental esophageal cancer in beagles].

In order to obtain a reliable experimental model simulating human esophageal cancer, endoscopic and histopathological studies were undertaken in the esophageal cancer produced in the beagle dog. Thirty-seven dogs had been given a solution of N-Ethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (ENNG) at a concentration of 150 micrograms/ml for 3-9 months. Follow-up studies included serial endoscopy and biopsy, and almost all animals were eventually sacrificed for histological examination. The results were as follows: Squamous cell carcinoma was observed in 5 out of 22 female dogs, while none in male dogs at all. For the induction of squamous cell carcinoma in the esophagus, administration in the condition of 150 micrograms/ml (75mg/day) for 6-9 months was most suitable. Almost all of esophageal lesions were protruding and well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma with invasion of the submucosa. The stages of hyperplasia, dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma in the esophagus were chronologically followed. Carcinoma had been observed in the stomach about 4 months prior to the appearance of esophageal carcinoma. This experimental model was proved to be useful for studies on histogenesis of human esophageal cancer both light and electron microscopically.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[The f-factor (fat infiltration) in breast cancer as a new indicator for predicting the occurrence of bone metastasis].

The correlation between tumor infiltration into extramammary fatty tissues (f-factor) and bone metastasis was retrospectively analyzed in 117 patients with breast cancer. Five (10.6%) and 26 (37.1%) patients developed bone metastases among 47 f-negative and 70 f-positive subjects, respectively, and the frequency of bone metastasis was significantly higher in the f-positive than in the f-negative group (p less than 0.005). Furthermore, bone metastasis was more frequent in the f-positive than in the f-negative group among patients of the same stages, lymph node involvements, or histological types. The f-factor was suggested to be a new indicator for predicting the occurrence of bone metastasis in breast cancer.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1984

Sequential changes in nuclear DNA content by chemotherapy observed in experimental canine gastric cancer.

It is known that the nuclear DNA contents correlate with the grade of malignancy. In this study, nuclear DNA contents of biopsy specimens taken from N-ethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (ENNG)-induced canine gastric cancer were measured by Feulgen-DNA-cytofluorometry. The DNA content and histological findings were sequentially observed after weekly administration of 7-N-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-mitomycin C (0.8 mg/kg), a kind of mitomycin C derivative. The appearance rate of cells over 4C decreased remarkably from 18.8% to 9.86% on average (p less than 0.02) and the maximum value of distribution also went down from 9.18C to 7.33C (p less than 0.01) at the early stage of administration of the oncostatic agent when no histological change was yet observable. It might be expected that this procedure will enable the future evaluation of oncostatic effects at the cellular level more objectively.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

Lens subluxation in homocystinuria. A case report.

A 6-year-old girl had bilaterally subluxated lenses and liver and platelet dysfunctions. A cyanide-nitroprusside test of the urine was positive. Serum and urinary levels of methionine and homocystine were high. Cystathionine synthetase activity in the cultured skin fibroblasts was negligible. Pyridoxine, 1000 mg/day orally, normalized the serum and urinary methionine and homocystine levels and the liver and platelet functions. Episodes of pupillary block glaucoma prompted lens extraction. The subluxated lenses were extracted under general anaesthesia after administration of pyridoxine and dextran to avoid thrombosis. A good result without serious complications was obtained. We believe that homocystinuria should not be considered a contra-indication to general anaesthesia. In the pyridoxine-responsive patient general anaesthesia is not hazardous if platelet function can be controlled by the vitamin.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1984

Induction of ovulation with an estrogen antagonist, tamoxifen.

Tamoxifen (Norvadex), synthesized by the Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd., is a triphenylethylene derivative having a clomiphene-like structure and displays anti-estrogenic activities. In this study we used tamoxifen for the treatment of anovulatory infertility and investigated the clinical results. Induction rate of ovulation recorded 100% in the patients with sporadic anovulatory cycle, 83.3% in those with persistent anovulatory cycle, 70% in those with the first grade amenorrhea type I and 66.7% in those with the first grade amenorrhea type II. However, tamoxifen was absolutely ineffective against the second grade amenorrhea. The patients with sporadic or persistent anovulatory cycle responded to 40 mg-daily tamoxifen-treatment, recording 100% of ovulatory induction rate. The patients with the first grade amenorrhea also responded to 60 mg-daily treatment, indicating 70% of ovulatory induction rate. The rate of pregnancy established in the women desiring pregnancy marked 15.4%, and 2 out of 4 women with successful pregnancy experienced spontaneous abortion. Out of 4 patients who did not respond to the previous clomiphene treatment, 3 women accomplished ovulatory induction with tamoxifen. The endocrinological dynamics in the tamoxifen treatment were similar to those in the clomiphene treatment.

Amenorrhea↗
PubMed1984

Effects of phospholipase A2, lysophosphatidyl choline, and fatty acid on the acrosome reaction of human spermatozoa.

An in vitro penetration assay employing zona-free hamster eggs was used to study the effects of phospholipase A2, lysophosphatidyl choline, and fatty acid on the acrosome reaction of human spermatozoa. Human spermatozoa were preincubated for 4 hr in modified Biggers, Whitten, and Whittingham's medium (mBWW) containing a specific phospholipase A2 inhibitor, p-bromophenacyl bromide (p-BPB: 1 X 10(-5) - 1 X 10(-3) M), lysophosphatidyl choline (LC: 5-500 micrograms/ml), and arachidonic acid (AA: 5-500 micrograms/ml), prior to the addition of zona-free superovulated hamster eggs. Eggs were examined microscopically 2 or 4 hr later for evidence of swelling or decondensing sperm heads in the cytoplasm. Lysophosphatidyl choline increased penetration rates of spermatozoa from 43.2% (control) to 91.4% (LC: 50 micrograms/ml). Arachidonic acid also increased penetration rates from 51.6% (control) to 87.0% (AA: 5 micrograms/ml) and 80.5% (AA: 50 micrograms/ml). p-BPB decreased penetration rates from 90.6% (1% dimethyl sulfoxide) to 16.0% (1% dimethyl sulfoxide+p-BPB 1 X 10(-4) M). These results suggest that endogenous phospholipase A2 may break membrane phosphatidyl choline into lysophosphatidyl choline and fatty acid, when the acrosome reaction occurs.

Acetophenones↗
PubMed1984

[Effect of bestatin on immuno-suppressive acidic protein in patients with stomach cancer].

Serum immuno-suppressive acidic protein (IAP) levels increased with the invasion of cancer in to the gastric wall, the progress of lymph nodes metastasis, and also with the increase of tumor diameter of the gastric mucosa. The immunopotentiator, Bestatin was administered for 7 days to 28 patients with gastric cancer before any other therapeutic treatment. high IAP levels (over 500 micrograms/ml) in patients with stage IV cancer were remarkably improved with this treatment.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗