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Biomedical subjects

K Hoshi

Publications and source records attributed to K Hoshi.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Marked enhancement in antithrombotic activity of isocarbacyclin following its incorporation into lipid microspheres.

Isocarbacyclin, (+)-9(O)-methano-delta 6 (9 alpha)-PGI1 (TEI 7165) and its methyl ester (TEI 9090) were incorporated in lipid microspheres (LM) with a diameter of 0.2 micron, in an attempt to increase their efficacy, possibly by way of targeting the drugs to the site of vascular damage. When the two LM-preparations were incubated in 2% bovine serum albumin solution, it was shown that TEI 7165 was released rapidly from LM, while the release of TEI 9090 was slow. Thus, TEI 9090 in LM, injected intravenously, may not be released largely in plasma before the distribution of LM to the target sites. The antithrombotic activity of the LM preparation of TEI 9090 was then compared with that of TEI 9090 as such in the hamster cheek pouch model. It was found that TEI 9090 incorporated in LM was more than 500 times more potent as an inhibitor of ADP-induced thrombus growth. These data suggest that prostacyclin analogues incorporated in LM may be used safely as potent antithrombotic agents in the clinical application.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Effects of co-administration of monomethylaminoantipyrine and cobaltous chloride on hepatic glutathione level and glutathione-related enzyme activities in rats.

Concurrent administration of monomethylaminoantipyrine (MAA) and CoCl2 caused a significant decrease of hepatic reduced glutathione and oxidized glutathione levels. Furthermore, the increase of glutathione S-transferase activity by combined treatment resulted in the decrease of Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase activity.

Aminopyrine↗
PubMed1987

[The significance of alpha-fetoprotein-negativity in the interstitial area of total hydatidiform mole tissue].

UNLABELLED: The presence of the fetal component is an important factor in explaining the mechanism of the occurrence of the hydatidiform mole. But we have not confirmed in which phase the fertilized becomes a fetus. Therefore the mechanism of the occurrence of hydatidiform mole was investigated, using alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) produced in the fetal liver and the yolk sac, as a parameter. Total hydatidiform moles, partial hydatidiform moles, chorionic villi obtained from normal pregnancy artificially terminated and spontaneous abortion, and also the fetal liver, umbilical cord, and intestine were examined. Paraffin sections of these materials were examined for the presence of AFP by a peroxidase-anti-peroxidase method. RESULTS: In the fetal liver, the gelatinous area of the umbilical cord the lamina propria mucosae of the intestine, and the AFP were stained positive. In the interstitial area of the chorionic villi of normal pregnancy, the AFP was positive (78.3% n = 23). But in the villous epithelium, the AFP was negative. In the interstitial area of the chorionic villi of spontaneous abortion, the AFP was positive (88.9% n = 9). But in the villous epithelium, the AFP was negative. In the interstitial area of the partial hydatidiform mole, the AFP was positive (100% n = 6). In the epithelial area, the AFP was negative. No localization of the AFP was found in either the interstitial area or the epithelial area of the cyst of total hydatidiform mole (100% n = 7). We concluded that the AFP exuded to tissues derived from mesoblast by feto-chorionic circulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Female↗
PubMed1986

Increase in incorporation into lymphocytes in vitro of esterified anti-inflammatory corticosteroids.

Corticosteroids esterified at C-17 and C-21 such as hydrocortisone 17-butyrate 21-propionate (HBP) and prednisolone 17-valerate 21-acetate (PVA) inhibited PHA-induced blastogenesis of human blood lymphocytes more intensively than hydrocortisone (HC) and prednisolone (PSL), the parent corticosteroids. When lymphocytes were incubated with HBP or HC, the total amount of HBP incorporated into lymphocytes was much larger than that of HC. The amount of HBP bound specifically to the receptors was also increased, which may be due to the increased concentration of corticosteroid in lymphocytes. These results suggest that the increased incorporation of the esterified corticosteroids into cells would be most important to produce an intensive biological activity.

Dexamethasone↗
PubMed1986

Sperm-egg interactions observed by scanning electron microscopy.

Successful in vitro fertilization requires mature oocytes in which the first polar body has been extruded and capacitated sperm capable of penetrating the zona pellucida. In this study we made a time sequential observations on human sperm-egg interactions by SEM in two experimental systems. Human sperm-human zona pellucida interaction: Cytoplasmic processes of corona cell extend around sperm head. Spermatozoa took different angles in attaching or penetrating to the zona pellucida. The head of some spermatozoa bound to the zona were vesiculated, suggesting the progression of the acrosomal reaction. Initially, the anterior part of the sperm head penetrates from the pore of the zona pellucida. Human sperm-zona-free hamster egg interaction: Most spermatozoa lie flat on the vitellus surface covered with numerous microvilli, but a few are oriented perpendicular to the vitellus surface. Most bound sperm had lost their acrosomal caps, because a ridge exists at the leading edge of the equatorial segment. Initially most microvilli appeared to grasp and immobilize the anterior tip of the sperm head. But as gamete interaction proceeded, microvilli were overlying the postacrosomal region and were observed adjacent to the plasma membrane of the postacrosomal region. The postacrosomal region is first incorporated into the ooplasma, the anterior tip of sperm head being the last portion to be incorporated. The microvilli of the oolemmal surface where sperm penetrated did not show major changes in size or in appearance, and the so-called incorporation cone was not observed.

Acrosome↗
PubMed1986

Effects of co-administration of monomethylaminoantipyrine with diethylaminoethyl 2,2-diphenylvalerate (SKF 525-A) on gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, glutathione S-transferase and hepatic drug metabolizing enzyme activities in rats.

4-Monomethylaminoantipyrine (MAA)-induced increase of hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes was suppressed by SKF 525-A. This may be due to the partial binding of SKF 525-A to a portion of cytochrome P-450. On the other hand, glutathione S-transferase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GTP) activities of rat liver were both induced by repeated administration of MAA in combination with SKF 525-A. In addition, under the same condition, glutathione level in rat liver was significantly decreased.

Aminopyrine↗
PubMed1986

[Clinical evaluation of serum beta 2-microglobulin in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung].

The clinical usefulness of measuring serum beta 2-microglobulin (BMG) and squamous cell carcinoma-related antigen (SCC-Ag) was studied, and it was found that both were elevated in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. In squamous cell carcinoma, serum BMG was high in patients who were more than 65 years old, whereas it was not raised in those with other histological types or with benign respiratory diseases. This increase in BMG, however, was thought to correlate with the clinical stage rather than with aging. The rise of BMG was suggested, similar to the rise of SCC Ag, to be specific to squamous cell carcinoma of the lung.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1986

Prostaglandin E1 incorporated in lipid microspheres in the treatment of peripheral vascular diseases and diabetic neuropathy.

Lipo-PGE1 is a drug preparation of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) incorporated in lipid microspheres similar in properties to liposomes. A randomized, single-blind, cross-over study comparing free PGE1 (PGE1 cyclodextrine, PGE1CD) with lipo-PGE1 was performed. Twenty patients with peripheral vascular diseases and diabetic neuropathy entered the trial. The first seven days' treatment was either 5 micrograms/day of lipo-PGE1 or 40 micrograms/day of PGE1CD, followed by a seven-day wash-out period; then cross-over was performed for another week's administration. Improvements were achieved by both PGE1 preparations. The comparison between lipo-PGE1 and PGE1CD showed that the former was significantly superior, both in final global improvement (p less than 0.01) and in terms of patients' preference (p less than 0.01); lipo-PGE1 also produced fewer side-effects. This study suggests that lipo-PGE1 is a very valuable agent for the treatment of peripheral vascular disorders and diabetic neuropathy.

Alprostadil↗