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Biomedical subjects

K Deguchi

Publications and source records attributed to K Deguchi.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

[Bacteriological and clinical studies of cefoxitin with special reference to anaerobic infections in the patients of abdominal surgery (author's transl)].

Both bacteriological and clinical studies of the effectiveness of cefoxitin (CFX) in the treatment of infections associated with abdominal surgery have been carried out at Tokyo Metropolitan Toshima Hospital from September 1979 through August 1980. The results of these studies are summarized in the following: 1. The clinical isolates from the 29 surgical patients were studied and anaerobes were found in 16 patients (55% of the patients). B. fragilis was found in 11 of the 16 patients (69%) from whom anaerobes were isolated. In all of these patients, aerobes were also isolated--most frequently E. coli or K. pneumoniae. 2. The in vitro antibacterial activity of cefoxitin (CFX) against 83 clinical isolates was compared to that of cephalothin (CET), cefazolin (CEZ) and carbenicillin (CBPC). The activity of CFX against Gram-positive bacteria was generally slightly inferior to that of the other 3 antibiotics. Among the Gram-negative aerobic organisms, CEZ was the most active against E. coli and CFX and CEZ against K. pneumoniae. However, CFX, with MIC's of 0.78-12.5 micrograms/ml, showed the greatest activity against B. fragilis, followed by CBPC, CEZ and CET, in order of decreasing activity. 3. CFX was administered in a 1-hour drip infusion to 3 patients following abdominal surgery, and concentrations of CFX in the serum and the exudate were measured. Peak serum concentrations were obtained at the end of the infusion, with a mean peak level of 97.93 micrograms/ml. Peak concentrations in the exudate were observed 30 to 60 minutes later and varied from 21.10 to 56.25 micrograms/ml. 4. Of the 20 patients administered of CFX, complete clinical and bacteriological data of anaerobic infections were available in 8 patients. The clinical evaluation was 'good' in 7 patients and 'fair' in 1. The bacteriological evaluation was 'eradicated' in 5 patients and 'decreased' in 3. As for side effects, elevations of S-GOT and S-GPT were observed in 4 of the 20 patients received CFX, but these abnormalities might also be attributable to other factors such as underlying disease, surgical intervention etc. No other side effects were found in these patients.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1980

Low density lipoproteins from human ascites plasma. Characterization and degradation by sodium deoxycholate.

The low density lipoproteins (LDL) in human ascites plasma were separated into two sublcasses by ultracentrifugation. The chemical compositions of the two LDLs were determined. On a weight percentage basis, LDL1 contained cholesterol ester, 20.8%; cholesterol, 19.3%; triacylglycerol, 19.7%; phospholipid, 22.1%; and protein, 10.8%. LDL2 contained cholesterol ester, 21.6%; cholesterol, 14.5%; triacylglycerol, 20.1%; phospholipid, 20.6%; and protein, 18.0%. The relative content of triacylglycerol and the ratio of unesterified cholesterol to esterified cholesterol in both LDLs were very high compared to corresponding human serum LDLs. Following the treatment of these LDLs with 575 mg of sodium deoxycholate per 10 mg of lipoprotein protein, a triacylglycerol-protein rich fraction was obtained by gel filtration in the presence of a micellar concentration of the detergent.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1979

Water-soluble lipoproteins from yolk granules in sea urchin eggs. II. Chemical composition.

The chemical composition of yolk lipoproteins (YLP-1, 2, and 3) was determined. YLP-1, 2, and 3 were quite similar as regards the chemical composition of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrate moieties. Each lipoprotein has an average dry weight composition of lipids (55--72%) and apo-lipoproteins (28--45%) containing protein, hexose, hexosamine, and sialic acid. In each lipoprotein, triacylglycerol is a major lipid component (70--83%), followed by phospholipid (8--16%), cholesterol (free and esterified, 8--10%), and free fatty acid (3--4%). Phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine account for 68--74% and 16--24% of the phospholipids, respectively. The fatty acid compositions of total lipids from each lipoprotein are quite similar, with a high degree of unsaturation (63--65%). The carbohydrate content of apolipoprotiens from each lipoprotein is remarkably high (27--31% of apo-lipoproteins) and their composition is very simple: mannose and glucosamine are major constituents in the polysaccharide moiety of each lipoprotein and sialic acid is all in the N-glycolyl form. The amino acid compositions of apo-lipoproteins are quite similar in YLP-1, 2, and 3, with high contents of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, threonine, serine, and leucine. Furthermore, a small amount of glycolipids is present in the yolk lipoproteins. They were separated into six components on TLC. All of them are resorcinol-positive, indicating the presence of sialoglycolipids.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1979

[Sensitivity of frequent-occurring isolates in outpatients to routinely-used antibiotics (author's transl)].

The susceptibility of microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella spp. and Haemophilus influenzae) frequently occurring in outpatients (treated by practitioners) to six kinds of antibiotics [ampicillin (ABPC), cefazolin (CEZ), erythromycin (EM), minocycline (MNC), gentamicin (GM) and thiamphenicol (TP)] was determined by the standard method established by the Japan Society of Chemotherapy. 1) There were few multiple-antibiotic-resistant urine isolates from patients with a simple urinary tract infection, whereas urine isolates from patients with a complicated urinary tract infection contained many multiple-antibiotic resistant organisms. 2) Isolates from patients with a respiratory tract infection (sputum and tonsillar secretions isolates) and isolates from patients with acute purulent otitis media (purulent discharge isolates) contained few multiple-antibiotic-resistant organisms except for EM-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes. 3) Superficial pus isolates contained many multiple-antibiotic-resistant organisms, while bile isolates were relatively free from multiple-antibiotic resistant organisms. 4) When the results of the previous8,9) and present investigations were compared with the reports of other Japanese investigators1,5,6), suggestive evidence was provided that organisms resistant to macrolides and chloramphenicol showed a tendency to decrease, whereas organisms resistant to penicillins, cephalosporins and aminoglycoside antibiotics were on the increase.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1978

Water-soluble lipoproteins from yolk granules in sea urchin eggs. I. Isolation and general properties.

Most of the water-soluble lipoproteins in sea urchin eggs (Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus) were localized within yolk granules. Under hypotonic conditions, yolk granules released lipoproteins and a 24S protein species as high molecular weight components; the lipoproteins constituted about 40% of the total materials released. Three yolk lipoproteins(YLP-1, 2, and 3, in order of quantity) were isolated by ultracentrifugation and gel filtration. The hydrated densities of YLP-1, 2, and 3 were 1.027, 1.062, and 1.009 g/cm(3), respectively. YLP-1, 2, and 3 contained glyceride as a major lipid in quantities of 3.1, 1.8, and 4.3 times the amount of each protein, respectively. These lipoproteins contained large amounts of carbohydrate. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed four major periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) positive polypeptide bands common to the three lipoproteins. All the constituent polypeptides of the 24S protein were also PAS positive. Electron microscopy of negatively stained YLP-1, 2, and 3 revealed the average diameters to be 36, 29, and 48nm, respectively. The 24S protein appeared to be cylindrical in shape with average exterior dimensions of 10--20 nm. Thin-section micrographs showed that yolk granules are packed with particles around 30 nm in diameter, suggesting that these particles are not the 24S proteins but the lipoprotein particles.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[In vitro examination on antibacterial activity of ciclacillin (ACPC) against clinically isolated strains (author's transl)].

(1) The antibacterial acivity of ciclacillin (ACPC) with inoculum size of 10(6) cells/ml was four times less potent than that of ampicillin (ABPC) and 4 approximately 8 times less potent than that of AMPC, but was 4 approximately 8 times more potent than that of CEX against Streptococcus pyogenes. For Streptococcus pneumoniae, ACPC was 2 approximately 4 times less active than ABPC and AMPC, but 16 approximately 32 times more active than CEX. Staphylococcus aureus was 4 approximately 8 times less susceptible to ACPC than to ABPC and AMPC, but 1 approximately 2 times more susceptible than to CEX. Against E. coli, ACPC was as active as CEX, 2 approximately 4 times less active than ABPC, and 4 approximately 8 times less active than AMPC. (2) It was suposed that ACPC was more resistant to penicillinase and more antibacterial with inoculum size of 10(6) cells/ml cells/ml than with 10(6) cells/ml. ACPC was 4 approximately 8 times less active than ABPC, and AMPC against Staphylococcus aureus with 10(8) cells/ml, while with 10(6) cells/ml, it was 2 times less active than ABPC and AMPC. (3) ACPC-resistant strains (greater than or equal to 3.13 microng/ml) of Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae were not found. (4) A difference was noted in MIC of three semi-synthetic penicillins, ACPC, ABPC and AMPC, against Staphylococcus aureus, and E. coli between the sources from which their strains were isolated. (5) There were many strains resistant to erythromycin (EM) and josamycin (JM) (greater than 60%, respectively to both antibiotics) in Stretpococcus pyogenes and pus-isolated Staphylococcus aureus. No strains of Streptococcus pyogenes, were found resistant to EM and JM.

Amoxicillin↗