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Biomedical subjects

K Aso

Publications and source records attributed to K Aso.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Is free fraction measurement of phenytoin always necessary in pediatric epileptic patients?

Sixty-two serum samples from 28 pediatric epileptic patients under treatment with phenytoin [diphenylhydantoin (DPH)] were obtained to study the correlation between total and free serum DPH concentrations. The effect of coadministered antiepileptic drugs on DPH protein binding was also studied. Binding of DPH to serum protein was assessed by ultrafiltration, and total and free DPH concentrations were determined by fluorescence polarization immunoassay. A strong correlation existed between the total and free concentrations [r = 0.958, p less than 0.001, standard error of estimate (+/- 1 SY) = 0.214]. The mean value for the DPH free fraction was 8.9% (range 5.7-16.3%). The samples obtained from patients on combination therapy with valproic acid (VPA) showed a larger DPH free fraction and greater variation. Exclusion of the 16 samples from patients concomitantly taking DPH and VPA yielded a better correlation (n = 46, r = 0.983, p less than 0.001, +/- 1 SY = 0.145). The mean free fraction in the patients not taking VPA was 7.7% (range 5.7-9.0%). The effect of VPA on the protein binding of DPH was also studied by addition of the same antiepileptic drugs to normal human plasma; the results were similar to those obtained for epileptic patients. These findings suggest that the free DPH fraction can be predicted from the total concentration, even when the drug is coadministered with other antiepileptic drugs, the sole exception being VPA.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

A consideration on the new classification of latest lung ventilators.

Concerning the classification of ventilators, Elam (1958), Faireley (1959), and Hunter (1961) reported some simple ones such as pressure limited, volume limited, pressure preset, or volume preset models. Mapleson (1969) also classified them by the generating force or cycling together with the above-mentioned types. The latest ventilators applicable to patients with respiratory failure usually have some cut-off function at high airway pressures as a safety measure. Therefore, all of them belong to the pressure limited type. Some ventilators are of two types such as the time cycled and pressure cycled type. Therefore, we attempted to classify ventilators into four groups, i.e. the time cycled, volume cycled, pressure cycled and selective time-pressure cycled types according to the fundamental mode of ventilator function, the so-called change of cycling from inspiration to expiration. Each group was further divided into subgroups according to preset dials such as respiratory rate, I/E ratio, inspiration time, expiration time, tidal volume, flow rate and airway pressure. By this method, fifty one ventilators on the market in Japan can be classified without overlapping. Although this classification seems complex, it will be of use in selecting ventilators by emphasizing preset dials according to the user's needs, ability or both.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1987

Fz theta/alpha bursts: a transient EEG pattern in healthy newborns.

We named transient activity recorded from midline frontal area 'Fz theta/alpha bursts' and investigated their characteristics and clinical significance. Polygraphic examinations were carried out on a total of 155 infants from 35 to 46 weeks of postconceptional age. Fz theta/alpha bursts were recorded in 40 (36%) of 111 infants without neurological problems. Especially these bursts were found in 33 (55%) of 60 infants at 38-42 weeks of postconceptional age. They occurred in pre-term as well as in full-term newborns. Three hundred and sixty-two Fz theta/alpha bursts were recorded from 40 infants without neurological problems. Ninety-one percent of them were found in quiet sleep, and others in indeterminate sleep. None of them were recorded in active sleep. Fz theta/alpha bursts did not occur synchronously with frontal or temporal sharp transients. The incidence of Fz theta/alpha bursts in infants with abnormal neurological signs was lower than in control infants (4/44 vs. 37/73; P less than 0.01). The bursts were not detected in EEGs with moderately or more severely depressed background. One hundred and thirty-five infants were followed up for more than 12 months. Fz theta/alpha bursts were recorded in 38 (35%) of 109 infants with normal outcome, and in only 1 (4%) of 26 infants with abnormal outcome. Our results indicated that Fz theta/alpha bursts were of normal EEG components without pathological significance.

Alpha Rhythm↗
PubMed1987

Visual seizures in children.

Twenty-one children (11 boys, 10 girls) suffering from visual seizures were studied. The visual seizures manifested as loss of vision, flickering light, blurring or figurative hallucinations. Ictal EEGs during visual seizures were recorded in 4 cases; the ictal discharges all originated in the occipital area. Visual seizures appeared in association with two or more non-visual ictal signs. In 18 cases, interictal EEGs revealed epileptiform discharges in the occipital area. In 3 cases, all girls, interictal EEGs showed photoconvulsive responses and focal spikes outside the occipital areas. They experienced clinical seizures when watching television and were thought to have photosensitive partial seizures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Complex partial seizures in children: ictal manifestations and their relation to clinical course.

We analyzed complex partial seizures in 38 children aged 0 to 13 years, using simultaneous EEG-VTR recording. In infants, seizure duration was longer, automatisms were less purposeful and more common in the oral area, and convulsive movements were frequently seen and more extensive in comparison with older children. In ictal EEG, spiky components frequently appeared in infants. Parietal or occipital ictal foci were more often associated with mental or physical abnormalities than were frontal or central foci. Extensive convulsive movements were inversely proportional to seizure prognosis in older children. Interictal paroxysmal discharges were observed less frequently in infants.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Canine orthotopic liver transplantation].

For the purpose of increasing long-term survival in canine orthotopic hepatic allotransplantation, immunosuppression by mizoribine and/or cyclosporin was instituted with the following results: 1) The survival of control dogs without treatment (n = 5) was 10.0 +/- 2.9 days (Mean +/- S.E.), and the survival of dogs treated with mizoribine (n = 15) was 44.6 +/- 31.8 days. There was no statistical difference between the two groups. On the other hand, the mean survival of dogs that were initially treated with cyclosporin and were then switched to mizoribine at one to three months after transplantation reached 145.4 +/- 70.8 days. The survival rate of dogs in the cyclosporin-mizoribine group was significantly greater than that of control group (p less than 0.02); and the survival rate of the former group proved also significantly better than that of the mizoribine group at 20 days after transplantation (X2, p less than 0.05); 2) in cases of acute rejection of the allograft, a gradual increase of the serum bilirubin level with a concomitant rise of S-GPT and alkaline phosphatase was generally observed. For an accurate diagnosis, however, an assessment of the biopsy findings of the allograft is important; 3) in chronic rejection, one animal developed the selective disappearance of interlobular bile ducts, often referred to as the "vanishing bile duct syndrome"; and 4) for differential diagnosis of vascular and/or biliary tract complications, specific morphological diagnostic procedures such as vascular and/or biliary tract angiographies are needed.

Animals↗