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Biomedical subjects

K Arnesen

Publications and source records attributed to K Arnesen.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Oxalate nephropathy in a Tibetan spaniel litter. A probable case of primary hyperoxaluria.

Severe oxalate nephropathy with end-stage kidney lesions was found in two pups of a litter of three Tibetan Spaniels. This histopathological finding strongly suggests a primary hyperoxaluria since there was no exposure to agents capable of producing secondary hyperoxaluria. Primary hyperoxaluria has not been reported as a spontaneous disease in the dog, although it is a well-known, but rare, inherited metabolic disease of man.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Liver cell necrosis and regeneration following injections of carbon tetrachloride. Effects of the thyrotropin-releasing hormone and somatostatin.

Mice were given 10 micrograms somatostatin or 25 micrograms TRH intraperitoneally 10 min before s.c. injection of 2 or 20 mg CCl4. The extent of liver cell necrosis and nuclear size were measured by the electronic Mini Mop method and the extent of necrosis and nuclear pleomorphism were estimated by a visual linear analogue scale of 100 mm, and compared to plasma concentrations of ASAT and ALAT. Pre-treatment with TRH or somatostatin resulted in significant reduction in the extent of necrosis 24 h after CCl4-injections (25%), with a lowering of ASAT from 13209 +/- 2955 U/l to 5144 +/- 924 after TRH and to 6186 +/- 966 after somatostatin, and of ALAT from 14343 +/- 3209 to 7718 +/- 1727 and 6494 +/- 1253 U/l, respectively. After 3 days the necroses were reduced from 16.5 +/- 1.7% by the Minimop method to 1.4 +/- 0.5% (90%) in mice given CCl4 alone, and from 12.3 +/- 1.7% to 3.8 +/- 1.2% in mice pretreated with TRH, and from 12.3 +/- 1.8% to 3.8 +/- 1.7% (70%) in mice pretreated with somatostatin. The plasma concentrations of ASAT and ALAT were reduced correspondingly. After 5 days no necroses were seen, and the plasma ASAT and ALAT were normal. After 6 months of weekly injections of TRH or somatostatin before 20 mg CCl4 the liver cell nuclear size (10.5 and 9.7 0.3 mu 2) was similar to that after CCl4 alone (9.7 0.3 mu 2), and twice that of controls (4.6-5.4 0.1 mu 2). Liver cell necrosis was not seen. The plasma concentrations of ASAT (131 8.6-162 11.3) and ALAT (98 8-104 9 Iu/l) were similarly 2-3 times those in controls. TRH and somatostatin thus reduced liver cell injury and delayed regeneration after single injections of CCl4. After 6 months of weekly injections no effects were observed.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Plasmacytoma of the uvea in a case of multiple myeloma.

A case of plasmacytoma in the uvea, both clinically and grossly anatomically mimicking a malignant melanoma, is described in a 63-year-old man who died from multiple myeloma. This is an extremely rare condition in the eye. Only one report of a similar tumour has been found in the literature.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

The morphology of human cells from the choroid and retinal pigment epithelium grown in vitro on isolated Bruch's membrane.

Cells from samples of human choroidal tissue were collected and seeded onto isolated Bruch's membrane in vitro, and the morphology of the developing cultures was examined by light-, scanning electron- and transmission electron-microscopy. In early cultures, the cells showed a flattened, spread out appearance with short surface villi and a low degree of cellular overlapping. After 48 h, a shift towards a more elongated cell form was observed, and one week old cultures were composed of predominantly elongated cells with a pronounced degree of overlapping. In contrast, human retinal pigment epithelial cells seeded onto sheets of Bruch's membrane maintained a spread out epithelial morphology with a varying degree of overlapping throughout the culture period. The present system permits comparative studies on the behavior of choroidal and pigment epithelial cells under controlled conditions. It may serve as an in vitro model for disorders characterized by growth of these cells on Bruch's membrane in vivo.

Cell Membrane↗
PubMed1988

Prostaglandins and CCl4-induced liver cell mortality. The effect of the prostaglandin analogue enprostil.

Prostaglandins have been reported to reduce the carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver cell injury in rats. The object of the present experiments was to examine the effect of the prostaglandin E2 analogue enprostil on the survival of isolated liver cells exposed to CCl4. Liver parenchymal cells were isolated from rat livers by collagenase perfusion and released into a 'suspension' buffer. Aliquots of the cell suspension were incubated with 1 micrograms or 0.5 microgram CCl4, and to parallel test suspensions 20 ng enprostil was added 5-10 min before CCl4. Incubation was performed on ice, at room temperature, and at 37 degrees C. The average percentage of dead cells after CCl4 treatment was significantly reduced by pretreatment with enprostil at room temperature (1 microgram CCl4: 69 +/- 21% and 44 +/- 13%, respectively) and after 10 min of incubation at 37 degrees C (1 microgram Cl4: 56 +/- 25% and 37 +/- 27%; 0.5 microgram CCl4: 51 +/- 33% and 29 +/- 18%, respectively). When the liver cell mortality approximated 100% after long-term incubation at 37 degrees C, no protective effect of enprostil was observed.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Human retinal pigment epithelium in long term explant culture.

Explants of human retinal pigment epithelium were maintained in culture in various types of media, and examined by light and transmission electron microscopy. After one month in vitro, the central areas showed a monolayered configuration with distinct polarity and presence of ruthenium red stainable material on the apical surface. On the peripheral areas of Bruch's membrane, multilayered lesions were observed to develop and to extend from the monolayered epithelium and past the cut edge in Bruch's membrane. Cells in these lesions contained little melanin and generally lacked an apico-basal polarity. Ruthenium red staining revealed the presence of electron dense material on the apical surface of the lesions as well as in the extracellular space between cells in the various layers. Development of multilayered lesions with deposition of extracellular material are seen in various chorio-retinal disorders, including senile macular degenerations and also subsequent to laser and cryo-therapy. The findings in the present study point to the explant culture system as a valuable tool in the study of important aspects of chorio-retinal pathology.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

The neural crest origin of uveal melanomas.

On the basis of two cases the relation between 'neurogenic' tumours (neurinomas, neurilemmomas, Schwannomas, neurofibromas) and malignant melanomas of the uvea is discussed with emphasis on the close association of both groups of neoplasms with the ciliary nerves. The great histopathological diversity between different cases of melanoma as well as within individual cases is also pointed out. On histological and cytological criteria it may be difficult to differentiate between the 'neurogenic' tumours and the highly differentiated, spindle cell variants of the melanomas. Since all these tumours are derived from the neural crest, they might be grouped under one common heading. It is postulated that 'neurogenic' tumours have been overdiagnosed to the disadvantage of the highly differentiated spindle cell melanomas.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Congenital blindness with ocular developmental anomalies, including retinal dysplasia, in Doberman Pinscher dogs.

Hereditary, congenital blindness was studied in 15 Doberman Pinscher pups. The eyes were smaller than normal, and there was complete absence of the anterior chamber, aphakia, retinal detachment, and dysplasia as well as an irregular swelling and partial depigmentation of the retinal pigment epithelial cells. It was concluded that the condition was inherited as a recessive, autosomal trait.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The emergence of antigenic variants is a rare event in long-term visna virus infection in vivo.

Six sheep persistently infected with visna virus were studied for 4 1/2 to 5 3/4 years until they became ill. Virus was isolated at intervals from peripheral blood leukocytes and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and at the time of sacrifice from various parts of the brain and the lungs. Both brain and lungs showed lesions typical of advanced visna/maedi. All the sheep formed antibodies in sera and CSF. Virus isolates from each sheep were tested in neutralization tests against sera and CSF collected from the same animal. In one sheep all isolates were found to be identical to the inoculated virus by this test. In each of the other sheep an antigenic variant emerged from 1 to 3 years after inoculation and remained in circulation even after the formation of autologous antibodies. In one case a variant was isolated from the lungs, whereas in all cases the virus isolated from the brain was identical to the inoculated virus. The results show that antigenic variants are rare in visna and do not seem to have a role in the pathogenesis of the disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Encephalitis in ferrets caused by a nonproductive strain of measles virus (D.R.) isolated from patient with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.

A nonproductive, syncytiogenic strain (D.R.) of measles virus, isolated from a patient with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), was inoculated intracerebrally into ferrets in an attempt to induce subacute encephalitis. Inoculation of freeze-thawed syncytia before immunization was the least effective procedure, and inoculation of live syncytia after immunization with measles virus vaccine was the most effective procedure, for induction of subacute or persistent subclinical encephalitis in the animals. After the latter procedure three of five ferrets developed subacute or subclinical encephalitis, whereas ferrets inoculated with live syncytia without prior immunization consistently contracted acute fatal encephalitis in one to two weeks. The subacute encephalitis in ferrets was characterized by high titers of antibody to measles virus in serum. At the time of sacrifice 1.25, 4.5, or 8.0 months after inoculation, brains of the ferrets showed histologic lesions similar to those characteristic of SSPE, and nonproductive syncytiogenic measles virus was recovered from the brains of two of the animals. All three ferrets had greatly increased concentrations of gamma-globulin in their brains and high levels of neutralizing and hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies to measles virus. Only one of these animals developed clinical signs 1.25 months after inoculation.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Ocular encephalitozoonosis (nosematosis) in blue foxes. Polyarteritis nodosa and cataract.

In young blue foxes an association has previously been established between the protozoon Encephalitozoon (Nosema) cuniculi and generalized arterial lesions of the polyarteritis nodosa type. The same vascular changes are found in the posterior ciliary arteries and their intraocular branches of these foxes. Most of the eyes which are thus affected, have a severe cataract. The parasite can easily be demonstrated both in the arteries and the lenses. It is thought that the Encephalitozoon is the cause of the vascular lesions and the cataract, and that possibly an autoimmune reaction is involved.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Orbitography with a new non-ionizing water-soluble contrast medium.

Metrizamide is a non-ionic water-soluble contrast medium which is isotonic with human blood and tissue fluid at a concentration of 170 mgI/ml. Retrobulbar injection of 3 ml isotonic metrizamide in the muscular conus of rabbits causes slight and inconstant cellulitis, but a similar reaction can also be found after injection of the same amount of saline. It seems probable that the introduction of fluid sufficient to cause an increase in the retrobulbar pressure can cause inflammatory changes in the orbital tissue, and that this is not always caused by the contrast medium itself. Four patients were examined by orbitography with injection of 4 ml isotonic metrizamide. There were no side effects, and the orbitograms showed contrast of good quality. Metrizamide is therefore considered very suitable for orbitography, especially in hospitals where computer-tomography is not yet available.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Malignant melanoma of the choroid as related to coexistent benign nevus.

Ninety-five cases of malignant choroidal melanoma collected during a 15-year period have been studied with special emphasis on histological type, coexistence of benign nevus, and prognosis. Elements of benign nevus were found in 78% of the cases. The data tend to support the hyposis that most cases of malignant choroidal melanoma have their origin in a preexisting benign nevus, and that the tumours undergo a gradual change from a differentiated to a less differentiated type.

Adult↗
PubMed1973

[Biopsy].

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Biopsy↗