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Biomedical subjects

K Aoki

Publications and source records attributed to K Aoki.

At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Measurement of urinary trypsin inhibitor in urine, plasma and cancer tissues of patients with stomach cancer.

Antiserum was obtained from rabbits immunized with a highly purified preparation of urinary trypsin inhibitor (UTI) conjugated with rabbit serum albumin. Anti-UTI antibody did not cross-react with antibody against inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor (I alpha I) as determined by immunodiffusion against human plasma. A highly sensitive enzyme immunoassay was developed for the determination of UTI-related antigens (UTIR) in plasma, urine and cancer tissues. The level of UTIR correlated with UTI activity in urine. UTIR levels in urine and plasma did not change with age, but UTIR levels were higher in the stomach cancer tissue than in the surrounding stomach mucosa. UTIR levels did not correlate with I alpha I levels in the plasma of patients with stomach cancer, thus the increase was not considered due to the contamination of circulating I alpha I in the cancer tissues.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Effects of clenbuterol on resting tension and contractile response in vesicourethral smooth muscle of rabbits.

The effects of clenbuterol, a selective beta 2-agonist, on isolated smooth muscle preparations from the rabbit bladder body, bladder base and proximal urethra have been investigated. The inhibitory effects on resting tension and acetylcholine- and field stimulation-induced contractions in the bladder body were compared with those of flavoxate, atropine, and verapamil. Clenbuterol (10(-10)-10(-7) M) had a strong, concentration-dependent relaxant effect on resting tension of the bladder body, and the relaxant effect was antagonized by propranolol. However, clenbuterol had little effect on the bladder base or proximal urethra. Isoproterenol, a non-selective beta agonist, gave a similar result, but was less potent than clenbuterol. Flavoxate failed to reduce the resting tension, but rather enhanced the spontaneous rhythmic contraction in a concentration-dependent manner. Atropine had little effect. Verapamil produced a concentration-dependent relaxation in the bladder body. Acetylcholine-induced contraction in the bladder body was completely inhibited by pretreatment with atropine (10(-7) M). Clenbuterol, flavoxate, and verapamil concentration-dependently inhibited acetylcholine-induced contraction. Field stimulation-induced contraction in the bladder body was not completely inhibited by atropine. However, the residual contraction was completely inhibited by tetrodotoxin. Clenbuterol, flavoxate, and verapamil concentration-dependently inhibited field stimulation-induced contraction. The inhibitory effects of clenbuterol and verapamil were antagonized by an application of propranolol and an increase in external Ca, respectively. The data suggest that the selective relaxant effect of clenbuterol on the bladder body is due to beta 2-antagonistic action, resulting in the inhibition of the contractile response to acetylcholine or field stimulation. Also, its response was different from that of the other drugs used.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1989

Attenuated renal production of dopamine in patients with low renin essential hypertension.

Our previous studies have shown that a suppressed pressure natriuresis may contribute to the hypertensive mechanism in patients with essential hypertension (EHT), particularly in low renin patients (LRH). In this study, in order to clarify the role of renal dopaminergic activity in the blunted natriuresis of LRH, the conversion of 1-dopa (DOPA) to dopamine (DA) in the kidneys was investigated in 9 normotensive subjects (NT) and 20 EHT, including 15 normal renin EHT (NRH) and 5 LRH. All subjects were hospitalized and received a constant diet (Na:120mEq, K:75mEq daily). Plasma DOPA concentration (p-DOPA:HPLC-ECD), creatinine clearance (Ccr), urinary excretion of sodium (UNaV) and DA (UDA), as well as fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) were measured before and after the single oral administration of 1-DOPA (400mg). DOPA administration caused a significant increase of p-DOPA, UDA and FENa with undetectable DOPA levels in the urine in EHT. In addition, under the basal condition, UDA correlated positively with p-DOPA or the product of p-DOPA x Ccr, which might reflect the DOPA delivery at the renal proximal tubule. No significant difference was found in p-DOPA and the product of p-DOPA x Ccr among NT, NRH and LRH. However, the ratio of UDA/(p-DOPA x Ccr), which may indicate the conversion from DOPA to DA in the kidneys, was lower in EHT, especially in LRH, than that in NT. These results suggest that a reduced renal conversion from DOPA to DA may contribute to the attenuated natriuresis as well as renal dopaminergic activity in LRH.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[A clinicopathological analysis of cardiac rupture following acute myocardial infarction in elderly patients].

In all autopsied cases from January 1980 to June 1988 (56-102 years old, 243 men and 307 women), cardiac rupture death was observed in 14 cases out of 68 deaths of acute myocardial infarction in our hospital. Cardiac rupture occurred in 2, 4, 3, and 5 cases in their 60's, 70's, 80's, and 90' respectively, and 4 in men and 10 in women. Complaints of chest pain were present in 4 cases. Cerebrovascular disease was present in 9 cases and hypertension in 7. In 9 cases, the thickness of the ruptured wall was over 14 mm. The location of the ruptured lesion was the anterior wall in 4 cases, anteroseptal in 3, anterolateral in 1, lateral in 1, posterior in 1, and apical in 1. In conclusion, the incidence of cardiac rupture was higher in female than in males, and in silent myocardial infarction than in painful one. The location of rupture was frequently in the anterior or lateral wall. Aging and hypertension would not be a worsening factor in the pathogenesis of cardiac rupture in myocardial infarction, but cerebrovascular disease might be a risk factor in respect to masking occurrence of myocardial infarction.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[The size of the mastoid pneumatization and otitis media with effusion in children].

It is generally believed that a cause and effect relationship exists between chronic middle ear inflammatory conditions and suppressed growth of the pneumatized cellulae. We already demonstrated the normal process of pneumatization and the suppressive process of pneumatization in experimental studies using pigs. In that study, the process of suppression of the pneumatization was caused by the continuous inflammatory changes of the epithelium of the middle ear cavity, and the degree of the suppression of the pneumatization was caused by the degree and duration of the air cavity's inflammatory condition at the growing stage of the mastoid process. We also carried out the histological study of the normal process of pneumatization using 100 sides of human fetuses between 16th and 36th week of pregnancy. In these studies the bone metabolisms which were found in the normal processes of pneumatization in pigs and human fetuses were same, and the normal pneumatization occurred at the growing stage of the mastoid process. This growing period of the mastoid is from 0 to 6 months after birth in pigs, and 0 to 15 years in humans. So in humans, we can infer that the suppression of the growth of the cellulae is closely related to a persistent state of otitic inflammation like an otitis media with effusion in the early stages of growth. From these studies, in children who have otitis media with effusion, it will be possible to realize the previous middle ear pathology by the degree of the suppression of pneumatization on x-ray film.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Oxygen metabolism in roots resorbing granulated tissue from bovine deciduous teeth, from the aspects of superoxide dismutase, lactate dehydrogenase, and lipid peroxidation].

Root resorbing of deciduous teeth is a general phenomenon during eruption of the permanent teeth. In the present study, we tried to clarify the active-oxygen metabolism of root resorped granulated tissues. Granulated tissues were obtained from two fresh mandibles of young bovine about 1 year old undergoing root resorption. Cu-Zn-Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Mn-SOD, Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and concentration of lipid-peroxidated products were determined on the supernatants from homogenized tissues. We obtained the following results. 1) Cytosolic Cu-Zn-SOD activity did not elevate as compared to control tissues. 2) Elevation of mitochondrial Mn-SOD activity was observed in granulated tissues. 3) LDH activity did not elevate as compared to control tissues. 4) Lipid-peroxidated products in granulated tissues showed high concentration as compared to control tissues. Based on the above, we specurated that the active-oxygen metabolism in the root resorped granulated tissues, at least in mitochondria, was elevated.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Proliferation and superoxide dismutase (SOD) induction of Streptococcus mutans (sobrinus) B13. 1. Metal requirement].

Many of micro-organisms under aerobic conditions showed oxygen tolerance caused by the induction of several oxygen-derived free radical scavengers. In the present study, we tried to clarify the changes of active oxygen metabolism of streptococcus mutans (sobrinus) B13 under aerobic conditions. Aerobic and anaerobic culture of streptococcus mutans (sobrinus) B13 was made in normal, metal chleted, and metal supplemented medium. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and bacterial proliferation were determined on the cultured cells. We obtained the following results. 1) In the anaerobic normal medium, SOD activity was not detected, but proliferation was observed. On the other hand, the neither were detected in the metal chleted medium. 2) No effect was observed on the induction of SOD activity and proliferation by the supplementation of copper in the metal chelated medium. 3) We observed positive effects on the induction of SOD activity and proliferation by the supplementation of iron, managnese, or both in the metal chlated medium under aerobic condition. Based on the above results, we found that iron and manganese were essential metals for SOD activity induction. Moreover, we suggested that there was close association of the aerobic bacterial proliferation with the induction of oxygen-derived free radical scavengers.

Energy Metabolism↗
PubMed1989

[Rapid diagnosis of adenoviral conjunctivitis].

Adenoviral conjunctivitis is contagious and it should be diagnosed rapidly. Adenoviral ocular infection showed epidemic keratoconjunctivitis due to Ad8 and pharyngoconjunctival fever due to Ad3 but those clinical pictures are changing because of the appearance of new serotypes of adenovirus such as Ad4, 19 and 37 which are related with acute conjunctivitis. The diagnosis of viral infection is generally time consuming and complex. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) test, using monoclonal antibody to adenovirus hexon have been applied for rapid diagnosis. ELISA showed 75% sensitivity and 100% specificity in 59 cases with adenoviral conjunctivitis and was therefore shown to be more practical than IFA which showed only 67% sensitivity.

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMed1989

[Purification of human pancreatic kallikrein and organ-specificities of human glandular kallikreins].

Human pancreatic kallikrein (H. Panc. K.) was purified from human pancreas by serial liquid chromatographies. The final preparation had a specific activity of 9.2 AU/A280 (AU: amidase unit for H-Pro-Phe-Arg-MCA) and its N-terminal sequence coincided with the reported sequence determined from cloned cDNA analysis. In HPLC (gel filtration), one symmetrical peak corresponding to a molecular weight of 48,000 was obtained. In SDS-PAGE without 2-mercaptoethanol, one band corresponding to a molecular weight of 52,000 was obtained. Protease inhibitor specificities of H. Panc. K. were the same as those of human urinary kallikrein (HUK) and hog pancreatic kallikrein (hog Panc. K.), while anti-HUK rabbit antibody inhibited the activities of H. Panc. K. and HUK, but not that of hog Panc. K. From the analysis of affinity for concanavalin A and erythroagglutinating phytohemagglutinin, the carbohydrate parts of H. Panc. K. are relatively rich in bi-(or multi-) antennary complex type sugar chains with bisecting GlcNAc compared with those of human salivary kallikrein and HUK. These findings will be a help to clarify the physiological and pathophysiological roles of H. Panc. K. in the pancreas and pancreatic diseases, especially in acute pancreatitis.

Carbohydrate Conformation↗
PubMed1989

Epidemiological study on sarcoidosis in Japan. Recent trends in incidence and prevalence rates and changes in epidemiological features.

This paper presents the results of an investigation made on the recent trends in the estimated prevalence and incidence rates of sarcoidosis in Japan and the changes in its epidemiological characteristics based on the results of nation-wide surveys conducted in 1972 and 1984. Age-adjusted mortality trends based on vital statistics were also examined. The estimated prevalence rate in males increased from 3.0 per 100,000 population in 1972 to 3.8 in 1984 and in females from 3.3 to 5.6, respectively (p less than 0.01), while the estimated incidence rate remained unchanged (1.2 per 100,000 in males and 1.4 in females). The age-adjusted mortality rate showed a gradually decreasing tendency from 0.2 to 0.1 per million. The estimated age-sex specific prevalence and incidence rates showed a pronounced increase in the middle-aged and elderly age groups particularly in females but a marked decrease in those 19 years and under. The increase in prevalence rate may be attributable to the prolonged duration of the disease. Noteworthy changes in the pattern of the disorder included a marked increase in the proportion of patients with eye lesions (males: from 31.3% to 44.4% and females: 41.6% to 58.7%) indicative of poor prognosis and statistically insignificant increase in pulmonary parenchymal lesions (males: from 38.1% to 43.4% and females: from 33.5% to 36.4%), the majority of which showed pulmonary mottling not accompanied with severe fibrosis often seen in Europe and America. The standardized prevalence ratios were observed in hot, warm and cold areas.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on cefodizime in gynecologic field].

Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on a new cephalosporin antibiotic, cefodizime (THR-221, CDZM), were performed and the results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. At about 84 minutes after a bolus injection of 1 g dose of CDZM, the drug was transferred well into tissues of internal genital organs and remained there at therapeutic levels for 285 minutes. The drug was also transferred quickly and sufficiently into exudate from pelvic dead space and its levels were still kept at high levels at 6 hours after administration. 2. CDZM was given to 8 women affected with gynecologic infections. The outcome of CDZM therapies showed that the drug was effective in all 8 of patients (100%) clinically and bacteriologically. 3. Notable adverse effects or abnormal laboratory test results were not observed except for 2 patients with transient and slight elevation of transaminase levels. Based on these results, it may be concluded that CDZM is a highly effective and a very safe antibiotic for the treatment on infectious diseases in gynecologic field.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Epidemiological investigation on bladder cancer and occupations].

A population-based case-control study was conducted in Boston, U.S.A., Manchester, U.K., and Nagoya, Japan to assess the associations of occupations with bladder cancer in men. In Nagoya, cancer cases were identified through Nagoya Bladder Cancer Registry, and controls were randomly selected from the general population using electoral registers. Study subjects, all males, analyzed were 430 cases and 397 controls in Boston; 339 and 493 in Manchester, and 220 and 443 in Nagoya, respectively. Occupations significantly related to an increased bladder cancer risk were those manufacturing or handling dyes, leather, paint or organic chemicals in Boston, and leather or medical workers in Manchester. Occupations significantly associated with bladder cancer development were not found in Nagoya. In general, risk related to occupations was relatively higher in the younger age group (less than 65 years old) than in the older age group (greater than or equal to 65 yrs old). Statistically significant differences in bladder cancer risk were not demonstrated between manufacturing workers and service workers.

Adult↗