Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

K Ando

Publications and source records attributed to K Ando.

At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Hemodynamic and endocrine changes associated with captopril in diuretic-resistant hypertensive patients.

To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of oral angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition with low-dose (average 30 mg/day) captopril in diuretic-resistant hypertension, its long-term cardiocirculatory action was determined by dye-dilution method and venous-occlusion forearm plethysmography in 11 uncontrolled patients taking a thiazide diuretic. Significant declines in mean blood pressure (average 12.4 +/- 1.4 percent) and systemic vascular resistance (28.7 +/- 3.2 percent) accompanied an increase in cardiac output (24.8 +/- 4.1 percent). Forearm vascular resistance (16.0 +/- 2.7 percent) decreased considerably, but the decrease in limb vascular resistance did not parallel the fall in systemic vascular resistance in magnitude (p less than 0.01), indicating that arteriolar dilatation occurred on a selective basis. Plasma renin activity increased after therapy as plasma aldosterone levels consistently fell, while plasma norepinephrine concentrations were not changed. There was a direct correlation between pretreatment plasma renin activity and the magnitude of the decline in systemic vascular resistance (p less than 0.05). These findings suggest that the inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme with captopril in diuretic-resistant hypertensive patients improves cardiocirculatory function through selective dilatation. The reordering of regional blood flow, which appears to result from release of angiotensin-mediated vasoconstriction as well as the suppression of aldosterone, may underlie the prolonged benefit observed in these patients. This oral vasodilator in very low dose appears to represent an effective adjunct for the treatment of hypertension refractory to diuretics.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Ataxia in rolling mouse Nagoya and the norepinephrine system--a psychopharmacological study].

Rolling mouse Nagoya (RMN), an ataxia mutant mouse, is adequate to checking up the efficacy of drugs on the ataxic movement disorders. The effects of some drugs on the ataxia of RMN were investigated by open field study. The drugs administered to RMN were as follows: TRH, FLA-63, DL-threo-DOPS, phenoxybenzamine and propranolol. Ataxic gait of RMN were remarkably improved by TRH, but remained unchanged by other drugs. The pretreatments with FLA-63, DOPS and phenoxybenzamine were not influenced to the antiataxic effects of TRH, while the pretreatment with propranolol increased the antiataxic effect of TRH in RMN. These results suggest that mechanism of the improvement of ataxic gait by TRH may not be sufficiently explained through only changing norepinephrine metabolism.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Association of the human lymphocyte-DR2 antigen with Japanese ulcerative colitis.

The frequency deviation of human lymphocyte-DR antigens as well as human lymphocyte A, B, and C antigens was assessed in 40 Japanese patients with ulcerative colitis and compared with 51 ethnically matched healthy Japanese. The antigen that was of significantly higher frequency in patients with ulcerative colitis was HLA-DR2. This antigen was found in 70% of the patients vs. 31% of controls [chi 2 = 13.4, p less than 0.001, corrected p less than 0.01, relative risk = 5.1). In addition, an increased frequency of HLA-B5-DR2, which is the most common haplotype in Japanese populations, was found in 55% of the patients with ulcerative colitis compared with 22% of the controls (chi 2 = 10.84, p less than 0.001).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Suspected cases of familial Alzheimer's disease-a case report and a study on aneuploidy in leukocytes (author's transl)].

Sibling cases of probable familial Alzheimer's disease were presented. Although familial occurence of Alzheimer's disease has been reported and relatively well known in the western literature, little attention has been paid to the matter in Japan. Some of the clinical features of our cases, for example, an earlier onset and focal neurological signs, are in good agreement with those of the previously reported cases of familial Alzheimer's disease. Possible involvement of vascular changes, such as amyloid or congophilic angiopathy was also suggested. An investigation for chromosomal abnormality in peripheral leukocytes from these patients, their healthy siblings and age-and sex-matched controls were carried out, revealing no significant differences in the frequencies of the hypo- or hyper- diploid cells among the three groups. Although chromosomal abnormalities in Alzheimer's disease, especially in its familial form, have gained considerable attention in relation to the dysfunction of the microtubules which is a proposed pathogenesis of the disease, the present results together with a few previously reported data 1,6,19) suggest that the familial Alzheimer's disease is not always accompanied with chromosomal abnormalities. Further extensive study is needed to clarify the precise relationship between Alzheimer's disease and the chromosomal abnormalities.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Neurotransmitter abnormality in Rolling mouse Nagoya, an ataxic mutant mouse.

An extensive neurochemical study has been performed on the CNS of Rolling mouse Nagoya (RMN), an ataxic mutant mouse. Although the symptoms observed are as severe as those found in Weaver mutants, little is known of the pathogenesis of the ataxia, except for a slight hypoplasia of the anterior part of the cerebellum. The present study revealed two major neurotransmitter-related abnormalities in the CNS. The first is a reduced concentration of glutamate, a putative transmitter of granule cells, and an increased concentration of glycine and taurine in the cerebellum of the RMN. The second is an increased activity of tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in catecholamine synthesis, not only in the cerebellum but also in spinal cord, medulla oblongata, thalamus and hypothalamus. These results, together with previous data obtained from other ataxic mutant mice or experimentally-induced ataxic animals suggest that the cerebellum is the most severely affected part of the CNS in the RMN with the number of granule cells being reduced. The increase in the concentration of inhibitory amino acids and the widespread increase in tyrosine hydroxylase activity are probably not specific to the RMN but seem to be common to other ataxic animals with hypoplastic cerebellum and granule cell loss.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1981

Unusual concentration of urine and prevention of polydipsia by fungal prenylphenols in DOCA hypertensive rats.

When deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-loaded uninephrectomized rats were fed on standard laboratory pellet diet and 1% saline for 5 weeks, caloric homeostasis became abnormal resulting in (a) hyperlipidemia, (b) cholesterol deposit in the heart, (c) significant reduction of triglycerides in the aorta, heart and liver and (d) a 60% increase in the cardiac free fatty acids (FFA) on one hand and a 50% reduction of the hepatic FFA on the other. These facts suggest that the hypertension severely reduces hepatic lipogenesis, whereas the cardiovascular system depends much more on FFA as a metabolic fuel than on glucose. This idea is supported by the deficiency in total body potassium (K) and decrease in serum immunoreactive insulin (IRI) which occur in the hypertension. These alterations were attenuated by the fungal prenylphenols, 4-0-methylascochlorin (MAC) and ascofuranone (AF). The protective effect seems to be partly attributable to the counteraction to DOCA. In addition, the agents caused a specific increase of renal water reabsorption. MAC treatment resulted in a particularly marked reduction of saline intake and excretion of unusually thick urine with 2.8 times higher sodium (Na) concentration than in the DOCA/saline control rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

The effect of estramustine phosphate on prostatic cancer estimated by transrectal ultrasonotomography.

Transrectal ultrasonotomography was performed in 44 patients with prostatic cancer before, during, and after estramustine phosphate (Estracyt) administration. In 75.7% of 37 previously untreated patients, the deformity of the horizontal section of the prostate with prostatic cancer was corrected considerably, while in 89.2%, prostatic weight was remarkably reduced. In 57.1% of seven previously treated patients, appreciable changes were also observed in the shape and weight of the prostate. We concluded that estramustine phosphate was effective not only for untreated prostatic cancer, but also, at least in some degree, for relapsed cases.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

A histochemical study on the innervation of the cerebral blood vessels in bats.

The adrenergic and cholinergic nerves innervating the cerebral blood vessels of four species of Japanese chiropterids (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, Murina leucogaster, Vespertilio superans and Miniopterus schreibersi) have been investigated using specific histochemical techniques. In all these species of bats arteries of the internal carotid system are poorly developed, whereas those of the vertebro-basilar system are well developed. The adrenergic and cholinergic nerves innervating these cerebral arteries, however, all originate from the stem nerve bundles entering the cranial cavity along the internal carotid artery. Both nerve plexuses are among the densest of any vertebrate species so far investigated. Adrenergic nerve plexuses are usually composed of complicated meshworks of fine fibres, while cholinergic ones are composed of rather longitudinally arranging meshworks of both thick and thin fibres, exhibiting a very high acetylcholinesterase activity. Small parenchymal arteries and arterioles are also dually innervated by adrenergic and cholinergic nerve fibres of peripheral origin. Intracerebral capillaries, on the other hand, are in several places directly connected with both adrenergic and cholinergic fibres of parenchymal origin. Capillaries in the cerebral and cerebellar cortices, diencephalon and cochlear nucleus in v. superans exhibit a heavy non-nervous acetylcholinesterase activity in their walls, but in R. ferrumequinum and M. schreibersi, the response is weak or negative, except for that in the cochlear nucleus.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1981

Cigarette smoking in rhesus monkeys.

In the present pilot study, an attempt was made to shape and maintain cigarette smoking behavior in rhesus monkeys both with and without the simultaneous use of other reinforcers. Initially, 14 monkeys were trained to suck air and puff on cigarettes using sweetened liquid reinforcer. After smoking had been established, the sweetened liquid reinforcement was removed. Smoking without this reinforcement, referred to as 'voluntary smoking,' was then observed during 20-h daily sessions. Of 14 monkeys studied, 2 have engaged in voluntary smoking for 2 years or longer. The maximum figures recorded for any single 20-h session were 3,271 puffs (20 cigarettes) in one monkey and 16,384 puffs (47 cigarettes) in the other. Although the baseline variability of smoking by these monkeys was quite high, low-nicotine and nicotine-free cigarettes seemed to lead to clear decreases in smoking. In 2 other monkeys that did not perform voluntary smoking, smoking was reestablished under a random-time or a tandem schedule for sweetened liquid reinforcement. Within this situation ('schedule-controlled smoking') schedule manipulations also led to changes in intake of cigarette smoke. The voluntary smoking model described in the present paper should be useful for studying the factors involved in initiating and maintaining smoking behavior and for studying the psychopharmacological effects of smoking, while the schedule-controlled smoking model should be useful for studying the physiological effects of smoking and for studying th relationship of smoking with various disease entities.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Alteration of cholesterol metabolism by 4-O-methylascochlorin in rats.

The effect of 4-O-methylascochlorin (MAC), an experimental hypocholesterolemic agent, on cholesterol metabolism was investigated in rats in two separate experiments. The administration of MAC for 2 and 6 consecutive weeks at daily doses of 100-135 mg/kg resulted in reduction in serum cholesterol levels of 16% after 2 weeks of treatment in the first experiment, and 13% after 6 weeks in the second experiment in comparison to the corresponding controls. MAC administered at a daily dose of 100 mg/kg for 2 weeks showed a significant increase in the biliary excretion of bile acids and cholesterol in bile-duct cannulated rats with or without the administration of taurocholate. In the second experiment, MAC treatment for 6 weeks produced a marked increase in the fecal output of acidic sterols during a 2 to 6-week period. MAC treatment also further enhanced hepatic cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase in the rats. Therefore, it appears that the mechanism of serum cholesterol lowering due to MAC is related to the enhancement of hepatic bile acid synthesis and the increase in biliary and fecal excretion of bile acids.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Eye movement as an indicator of brain function.

The level of consciousness between the alert and drowsy states was classified into four stages (Alert, Resting I, Resting II, Drowsy) by studying three factors of the EEG patterns on 23 normal subjects. The eye movements recorded by electro-oculograph were divided into two groups, i.e. rapid eye movements (R type, r type) and slow eye movements (S type, s type). The occurrence of each type of eye movements was confirmed to change in close correspondence to the stages of consciousness. The eye movement on 43 cases with a disturbance of consciousness by metabolic disease were recorded longitudinally according to clinical states. The S type movements were predominantly observed in a state of clouding of consciousness, while the R type and R-S type were observed in a delirious state.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Automatic recording and analysis of the ambulatory dynamics of cerebellar ataxic mice-rolling mouse Nagoya, Reeler and Weaver (author's transl)].

Rolling mouse Nagoya (Rolling) was found by Dr. Oda, Univ. of Nagoya, in 1969 as a spontaneous mutant and is characterized by the abnormal gait which appears about 2 weeks after birth. The origin and its mechanism of the motor abnormalities of Rolling has not yet been cleared, but this mouse is now grouped to be one of the cerebellar ataxic mice. The locomotion of the adult mice was automatically recorded and quantitized into the counts of each size of movements, and the gait of Rolling was compared with those of the nonaffected normal mouse, Reeler and Weaver. The reproducibility of the locomotion of the mice was fairly good regardless of the cage used and the observation time (less than 10 min.). Affected mice showed significantly small number of counts in size of 1/4 and 1/8 (about 6 and 3 cm in practice) of movements due to toppling during gait compared with the nonaffected normal mice. The gait of Rolling was not completely discerned from the Reeler or Weaver in the spectrum of movements. However, in locus of movements, each mutant showed the specific features of the motor abnormalities. Results presented in this paper suggest that Rolling is similar to Reeler and Weaver with regard to the cerebellar ataxia.

Animals↗