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Biomedical subjects

K Adachi

Publications and source records attributed to K Adachi.

At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Changes of monoamine and TRH contents in naloxone induced inhibited development of rat cerebrum and cerebellum.

We have studied effects of an opioid antagonist, naloxone (NLX) on rat brain development. Newborn rats were given daily subcutaneous injection of 1 or 50 mg/kg NLX from birth until weaning (day 21). The 28 day-old rats were examined their brain development. Both doses of NLX reduced the cerebral and cerebellar weights of rats but the body weight loss was significant only in the higher dose (50 mg). However, there were neither morphological changes in the central nervous system nor movement disorders such as abnormal gait and involuntary movements in naloxone treated rats (NLX-rats). We found that serotonin content was decreased significantly in the cerebral cortex and medulla while it was significantly increased in the pons and striatum of NLX-rats. Noradrenaline was decreased significantly in the medulla while it was increased in the pons of the NLX-rats. In contrast, the concentrations of these monoamines did not show any changes in cerebellum and hippocampus of NLX-rats. On the other hand, thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) was significantly decreased in cerebellum and hippocampus of NLX-rats, while it did not show any changes in cerebral cortex, medulla and pons of NLX-rats. These observations suggest that the neurotransmitters influencing the brain development, which are modulated by endogenous opioid systems, may play an important role in the development of rat brain; monoaminergic neurons play a significant role in the development of the cerebrum while TRH containing neurons may be involved in that of the cerebellum.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Evaluation of fibronectin gene expression by in situ hybridization. Differential expression of the fibronectin gene among populations of human alveolar macrophages.

Populations of alveolar macrophages recovered from the lower respiratory tract secrete fibronectin, a multi-functional glycoprotein capable of influencing cell migration, attachment, differentiation, and proliferation. Using in situ hybridization of 35S-labeled antisense and sense RNA fibronectin probes, the present study demonstrates that most, but not all, normal alveolar macrophages contain fibronectin mRNA transcripts, and that among those macrophages expressing this gene, the relative amount of fibronectin mRNA transcripts varies from cell to cell. Interestingly, while 66 +/- 3% of normal alveolar macrophages contain fibronectin mRNA transcripts, this is increased to 82 +/- 2% (P less than 0.01) of alveolar macrophages recovered from the lungs of individuals with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a chronic inflammatory disorder associated with exaggerated amounts of fibronectin in the lower respiratory tract. Furthermore, of the macrophages expressing the fibronectin gene, those from IPF patients contain more fibronectin mRNA transcripts than those from normals. Consistent with this observation, evaluation of tissue samples from IPF patients demonstrated that of all cells present, alveolar macrophages showed the greatest numbers of fibronectin mRNA transcripts per cell. These observations demonstrate that there can be marked cell-to-cell variation in the expression of the gene for a macrophage product such as fibronectin, suggesting that there are processes that modulate similar cells in the same anatomic compartment to vary their expression of the same gene.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[A case of small cell carcinoma of the esophagus].

The case of a 51-year-old man, complaining of a sense of pressure on his chest, is reported. Tests led to a diagnosis of a cancer in the midesophagus and a subtotal esophagectomy was performed. The tumor was found to be a protruded type, 8.5 X 7.0 cm in size. A histologic diagnosis revealed it to be a small cell anaplastic carcinoma. The tumor cells were found negative in a Grimelius staining and did not contain hormones such as ACTH. Some cytokeratins, however, were detected by an immunohistochemical examination, Cancer invasion into the adventitia was seen, though no lymph node metastasis or a distant metastasis was shown. Six months after operation, a recurrence in the mediastinum and in the distant lymph nodes was found. Chemotherapy and irradiation were found to be useful, and the postoperative survival period was 25 months.

Carcinoma, Small Cell↗
PubMed1988

[Four cases of Fabry's disease mimicking hypertrophic cardiomyopathy].

Four patients with Fabry's disease diagnosed by right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy had cardiac manifestations simulating hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Case 1: A 51-year-old woman, whose elder sister had congestive heart failure, was hospitalized for exertional dyspnea and cardiomegaly. Her electrocardiogram (ECG) showed a short PQ interval (0.10 sec) and left ventricular hypertrophy. Her echocardiogram (Echo) showed moderate symmetrical hypertrophy of the left ventricle (IVST/PWT = 18 mm/17 mm). Case 2: A 32-year-old woman, whose elder sister had an abnormal ECG, was hospitalized for the ECG abnormalities consisting of a short PQ interval (0.10 sec) and ST-T changes in the left precordial leads. The Echo revealed mild symmetrical hypertrophy of the left ventricle (IVST = 13 mm, PWT = 13 mm). Case 3: A 44-year-old man was hospitalized for his ECG suggestive of left ventricular hypertrophy, and his Echo showed asymmetrical septal hypertrophy (ASH; IVST = 22 mm). Case 4: A 51-year-old man was hospitalized for his ECG showing high voltage in the left precordial leads, and his Echo showed ASH (IVST = 20 mm). The cardiac histopathological findings of these cases included cytoplasmic vacuolization by light microscopy, and electron-dense deposits consisting of parallel or concentric lamellae with periodic spacing, suggesting Fabry's disease. The urinary glycolipids of Case 1 were increased biochemically; then the diagnosis of Fabry's disease was confirmed. Cardiac hypertrophy in Fabry's disease has many aspects, because the histopathological changes and clinical manifestations are determined by genetic factors. It was concluded that Fabry's disease may be concealed in some patients with the clinical diagnosis of HCM.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Gas shadow on CT scan following treatment in metastatic brain tumor--an autopsy case].

This is an autopsy case report of a 52-year-old woman with a brain abscess presenting as an intracerebral gas shadow on CT scan. She was admitted to our facility in June 1977, with disorientation and motor weakness of the right upper extremities. CT scan revealed two separate mass lesions in the frontal and occipital lobes on the left side. She was diagnosed as having metastatic carcinoma, and was treated by tumor removal, radiation therapy, and intraneoplastic local chemotherapy. Seventeen months later, she was readmitted with decreased mental activity, hemiconvulsion of the right side and high fever. CT scan revealed a peculiar round gas shadow on the left side of the temporal lobe. Ventricular drainage produced a cloudy cerebrospinal fluid with a protein concentration of more than 400 mg/dl and a leucocyte count of 138,200. An anaerobic culture of the ventricular cerebrospinal fluid revealed Escherichia coli. At that time, the lateral ventricle was irrigated several times with antibiotics. Unfortunately, however, she died one year after readmission. An autopsy was performed shortly after death, at which time serial coronal sectioning of the brain confirmed the CT scan findings presenting as an intracerebral gas shadow, and further demonstrated extension of the brain abscess from the left temporal lobe to the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle. The lesion in the left temporal lobe included yellowish pus with partially brownish capsules. A gas-containing brain abscess confirmed by CT scan and autopsy is rarely seen. The Hounsfield unit obtained from the abscess cavity by utilizing serial CT scan sometimes represents a condition requiring urgent treatment for brain abscess.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

Analysis of immunophenotype, genotype, and lineage fidelity in blastic transformation of chronic myelogenous leukemia: a study of 20 cases.

We have examined the immunophenotype and genotype of leukemic cells from 20 patients with the blastic phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), which is known to arise from a pluripotential hematopoietic stem cell. The phenotypic analysis of surface antigens with a panel of lineage-specific monoclonal antibodies revealed that six of 20 cases expressed phenotypes of lymphoid blastic transformation with pre-B cell markers. One of these cases was shown to coexpress cluster designation 2 of T cell marker on the same cells by two-color immunofluorescence analysis. Eight cases, including two cases that also had a megakaryocytic component, showed phenotypes expressing differentiation antigens of myeloid series. Three expressed a phenotype of megakaryoblastic transformation. The remaining three cases had no surface marker characteristic of any cellular lineage. The genotypic analysis by Southern blot hybridization showed that immunoglobulin heavy chain genes were rearranged in all of six lymphoid blastic transformations and that rearrangement of a T cell receptor beta chain gene was present in only one lymphoid blastic transformation that had no T cell surface marker. DNA samples in all cases of nonlymphoid blastic transformation were retained in the germ line configuration for both immunoglobulin and T cell receptor genes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1987

Internal standards for quantitative gas chromatography of individual bile acids after group separation of bile acids in urine.

Sodium glyco-7 alpha,12 alpha-dihydroxy-5 beta-cholan-24-oate, sodium tauro-7 beta,12 beta-dihydroxy-5 beta-cholan-24-oate and disodium glyco-7 alpha,12 alpha-dihydroxy-5 beta-cholan-24-oate 7 alpha-sulphate have been synthesized for the first time. These compounds, together with 7 beta,12 beta-dihydroxy-5 beta-cholan-24-oic acid, which were added to a sample prior to extraction, were found to be useful as internal standards for determination by gas chromatography of individual bile acids in each fraction after group separation of urinary bile acids.

Bile Acids and Salts↗
PubMed1987

Effect of amino acid at the beta 6 position on surface hydrophobicity, stability, solubility, and the kinetics of polymerization of hemoglobin. Comparisons among Hb A (Glu beta 6), Hb C (Lys beta 6), Hb Machida (Gln beta 6), and Hb S (Val beta 6).

Surface hydrophobicity, stability, solubility, and kinetics of polymerization were studied using hemoglobins with four different amino acids at the beta 6 position: Hb A (Glu beta 6), Hb C (Lys beta 6), Hb Machida (Gln beta 6), and Hb S (Val beta 6). The surface hydrophobicity increased in the order of Hb C, Hb A, Hb Machida, and Hb S, coinciding with the hydrophobicity of the amino acid at the beta 6 position. Solubility of the oxy-form of these hemoglobins decreased in relation to increases in their surface hydrophobicity, suggesting that the solubility is controlled by the strength of hydrophobicity of the amino acid at the beta 6 position. The solubility of the oxy-form of these hemoglobins is always higher than that of the deoxy-form. There is a similar linear relationship between the solubility and surface hydrophobicity among deoxyhemoglobins A, C, and Machida. However, the solubility of deoxy-Hb S deviated significantly from the expected value, indicating that the extremely low solubility of deoxy-Hb S is not directly related to the hydrophobicity of the beta 6 valine. Kinetic studies on the polymerization of deoxy-Hb Machida revealed a distinct delay time prior to polymerization. This confirms our previous hypothesis that beta 6 valine is not responsible for the delay time prior to gelation. The kinetics of the polymerization of 1:1 mixtures of sickle and non-sickle hemoglobins were similar to those of pure Hb S, suggesting that only one of the two beta 6 valines is involved in an intermolecular contact. In mixtures of equal amounts of Hb S and Hb A, Hb C, or Hb Machida, half of the asymmetrical AS, SC, and S-Machida hybrid hemoglobins behaved like Hb S during nucleation, while the other half behaved like the non-sickle hemoglobin.

Drug Stability↗
PubMed1987

Hydrolysis of phosphatidate by human placental alkaline phosphatase.

Highly purified alkaline phosphatase of human placenta catalyzed the hydrolysis of phosphatidate with quantitative formation of almost stoichiometric amounts of diglyceride and inorganic phosphate. In the presence of sodium deoxycholate, the activity was maximal at pH 8.8. The activity was strongly inhibited by L-phenylalanine but scarcely affected by NaF. These results show that alkaline phosphatase hydrolyzes phosphatidate under different conditions from those for activity of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1987

Lack of change in indoleamine metabolism in spinal cord of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Indoleamine metabolism was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection in the cervical spinal cord of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and controls with non-neurological diseases. The concentrations of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were the highest in the ventral horn compared with other regions of the spinal cord both in ALS and controls. There was no significant change in the concentration of 5-HT in any region of the spinal cord between ALS and controls. In addition, the concentration of 5-HIAA in ALS was lower than that in controls, however, no statistical significance was observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Effect of the beta 73 amino acid on the hydrophobicity, solubility, and the kinetics of polymerization of deoxyhemoglobin S.

The role of Asp-beta 73 on the surface hydrophobicity and solubility of hemoglobin was studied using Hb A, Hb S, Hb C Harlem (alpha 2 beta 2Val-6,Asn-73), and Hb Korle Bu (alpha 2 beta 2Asn-73). The surface hydrophobicity of the oxy form of these hemoglobins increased in the order of Hb A, Hb Korle Bu, Hb S, and Hb C Harlem, coinciding with the change in solubility. The same is not true for deoxyhemoglobins. The solubilities of deoxy-Hb S and deoxy-Hb C Harlem were much lower than that expected from their surface hydrophobicity. Although the hydrophobicity of deoxy-Hb C Harlem is greater than that of deoxy-Hb S, the solubility of deoxy-Hb S is only one-third that of deoxy-Hb C Harlem. This deviation must be caused by the substitution of Asn for Asp at the beta 73 position and its inhibitory effect on hydrogen bonding in Hb S polymers. The kinetics of the polymerization of 1:1 mixtures of the deoxy form of S-C Harlem, A-C Harlem, Korle Bu-S, and Korle Bu-C Harlem were studied in comparison with that of deoxy-Hb S and deoxy-Hb C Harlem alone. All of these binary mixtures polymerized with a distinct delay time prior to polymerization. Based on the results of kinetic studies, the probability factors for nucleation of S-C Harlem, A-S, A-C Harlem, S-Korle Bu, and Korle Bu-C Harlem hybrid hemoglobins were calculated as 0.65, 0.5, 0.5, 0.15, and 0.17, respectively, in comparison with that of Hb S (1.0). The probability factor for Hb C Harlem alone was 0.3. These data suggest that the Asp-beta 73 is directly involved in nucleation during Hb S polymerization and that the beta 73 is always trans to the active Val-beta 6 in the formation of nuclei.

Aspartic Acid↗
PubMed1987

[Pharmacokinetics of prednisolone (PSL) during PSL treatment. II. PSL pharmacokinetics during intermittent treatment with PSL administration 4 consecutive days a week].

Pharmacokinetics of prednisolone (PSL) was investigated in 10 patients treated with long-term intermittent regimen of PSL administration, 4 consecutive days administration a week. In 8 patients (group I; 3 of nephrotic syndrome, 2 of SLE, and each of Crohn's disease, aortitis syndrome, and hemolytic anemia), PSL was initially administered daily until the therapeutic effects were achieved (daily period), and this was followed by consecutive 4 days administration (on-day) and consecutive 3 days discontinuation (off-day) of PSL every week (intermittent period), keeping the weekly dose of PSL in the preceding daily regimen. In 2 patients (group II) with multiple myeloma and idiopathic thromocytopenic purpura, respectively, PSL was started with the intermittent regimen of PSL without preceding daily period. In group I, pharmacokinetic studies by respective oral and i.v. administrations of 40mg PSL and of 25.6mg PSL hemisuccinate (equivalent to 20mg of PSL) were performed before treatment, in daily period and both on on-day and off-day within the same week during intermittent period. In one patient of group II, study only by intravenous PSL administration was performed before treatment and in intermittent period. In another patient of group II, studies by oral and intravenous PSL administration were performed only in an intermittent period. PSL was measured by radioimmunoassay. Paired t-test was used for the comparison. In each case of group I, there was no difference in Cmax, Tmax, or AUCp.o. after oral administration of PSL among 4 periods tested, before treatment, daily period, on-day and off-day during intermittent period. On the intravenous PSL administration, increase in AUCi.v., prolongation of half-life, and decreases in MCR and bioavailability on on-day of intermittent period were observed in comparison with those before treatment, respectively. Only bioavailability among these parameters on on-day was increased compared with that in daily period. On the other hand, on off-day of intermittent period, decrease in AUCi.v. and increase in MCR were observed compared with those on on-day within the same week. When each parameter on off-day was compared with that of daily period, decrease in AUCi.v. and increases in MCR and bioavailability on off-day were observed. Vd did not differ each other among these 4 periods. Remarkable finding was the fact that MCR fluctuated regularly in 4 periods of this therapy regimen, i.e., significant decrease in daily period compared with before treatment, no significant difference between on-day and daily period, and the increase on off-day compared with that on on-day or in daily period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adolescent↗