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Biomedical subjects

K Adachi

Publications and source records attributed to K Adachi.

At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Antigenic and genetic characterization of three influenza C strains isolated in the Kinki district of Japan in 1982-1983.

Three strains of influenza C virus (C/Kyoto/41/82, C/Nara/82, C/Hyogo/1/83) have been isolated from humans in the Kinki district of Japan between February 1982 and December 1983. Oligonucleotide mapping of total vRNA and antigenic analysis with anti-HE monoclonal antibodies have shown previously that they are closely similar to one another but dissimilar to any of the strains isolated in Japan before 1982. In the present study, the nucleotide sequences of the hemagglutinin-esterase (HE) genes of these three strains were determined and compared with those of the previously published strains. The results revealed that the Kinki isolates had a high nucleotide sequence homology (98.4-98.5%) with the virus isolated in 1980 in the United States (C/Mississippi/1/80). Similarity of the Kinki strains to C/Mississippi/1/80 was also confirmed by oligonucleotide mapping of total vRNA and antigenic comparison using a panel of 11 anti-HE monoclonal antibodies. The isolates from Kinki and Mississippi could be distinguished from the previously isolated strains in serological tests with heterogeneous sera, suggesting that they may have possessed epidemiological advantage in Japan around 1982-1983. These observations raise the possibility that the rapid spread of influenza C variant closely related to C/Mississippi/1/80 has occurred in Kinki in 1982-1983 presumably because this imported virus was largely different in antigenicity from the previously prevalent ones.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1989

Concentrations of catecholamines and indoleamines in the central nervous system of Wriggle mouse Sagami.

1. The concentrations of norepinephrine (NE), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in the central nervous system of Wriggle mouse Sagami (WMS), which is a new ataxic mutant mouse, were studied. 2. NE and MHPG levels were increased most remarkably in the cerebellum. 3. 5-HT and 5-HIAA levels were increased most remarkably in the brain stem and spinal cord. 4. The present results suggest enhancement of catecholamine and indoleamine metabolism in the cerebellum and bulbospinal cord, respectively, of the WMS, and these changes seem relevant to the specific motor dysfunction of the WMS.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Airway obstruction in a child with esophageal achalasia.

A 13-year-old Japanese boy who had respiratory symptoms and had been treated as a case of chronic bronchitis was found by us to have esophageal achalasia. He had complained of cough for one year and a half, and pulmonary function studies showed severe airway obstruction. The chest radiogram showed the trachea compressed by the dilated esophagus. After operation, the symptoms disappeared and marked improvement was found in the flow-volume curve. Esophageal achalasia should be considered as one of the differential diagnoses of airway obstructive disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

The histotopography and ultrastructure of the thin limb of the Henle's loop: a scanning electron microscopic study of the rat kidney.

The three-dimensional construction of the thin limb epithelium was demonstrated in all four segments previously determined by transmission electron microscopy. Special reference was given to the pattern and extent of both intercellular and intracellular interdigitation. In the thin limb of short-looped nephrons, epithelial cells were simple polygonal in shape. The cells showed fine intercellular and intracellular interdigitations of basolateral microprojections. The upper descending thin limb of long-looped nephrons was characterized by well-developed intercellular and intracellular interdigitations. Both types of interdigitations showed a double structure, as they were composed of primary lateral processes or deep basal grooves, with numerous secondary microprojections on their walls. This segment additionally revealed apical interdigitations of small laminar processes, which caused the fine undulation of luminal cell boundaries. In the lower descending thin limb of long-looped nephrons, the intercellular and intracellular interdigitations also showed the double structure, though diminished in degree. This segment lacked the fine apical interdigitations. The ascending thin limb was characterized by an elaborate pectineal pattern of intercellular interdigitations, and by the absence of intracellular interdigitations. The intercellular interdigitations in this segment were formed by thin primary processes oriented parallel to each other. No secondary microprojections were found on their lateral surfaces.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

IgE antibody to sweat in atopic dermatitis.

Of 45 patients with atopic dermatitis skin-tested with their own sweat, 43 showed positive immediate-type skin reactions to titres between 1 and 256. Of 22 non-atopic patients 18 showed negative reactions. Skin reactivity of the atopic patients to the sweat and house dust did not run parallel. Radioallergosorbent test (RAST) using the sweat collected from a healthy subject detected IgE antibody in 24 atopic patients with a score from 0.5 to 3.5, whereas all the control subjects showed the score 0. This IgE antibody to sweat did not cross-react with the mite extract (Dermatophagoides farinae) or Staphylococcus aureus. These results indicate that atopic patients have specific IgE antibody to sweat.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Bronchoconstrictive effect of ultrasonic nebulized distilled water on asthmatic children.

We studied the airway responsiveness of asthmatic and normal children to ultrasonic nebulized distilled water (UNDW inhalation test). It was found that this stimulus induced a fall in FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 s) in asthmatic children, but little fall in normal children. This airway response was shown to be reproducible at about 2-week intervals. The more severe the asthma, the higher the percentage of the responders to the UNDW inhalation test, and the greater the fall in FEV1. The results of the UNDW inhalation test did not correlate with that of acetylcholine inhalation test or of exercise-induced asthma (EIA). UNDW-induced bronchoconstriction was inhibited by premedication with disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) (20 mg) or inhaled ipratropium bromide (40 micrograms). Jet-nebulized distilled water induced little fall in FEV1 in asthmatic children. These data suggest that UNDW-induced bronchoconstriction may involve the release of chemical mediators from the mast cells and cholinergic pathways. We conclude that UNDW inhalation test is a safe, less burdensome, and rather convenient method to evaluate clinically nonspecific airway hyperresponsiveness in asthmatic children.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1989

[Secretion and clinical significance of atrial natriuretic peptide in patients with muscular dystrophy].

In patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), heart failure appears in later stage of the disease due to myocardial degeneration and respiratory insufficiency, and sometimes causes death. However, there have been no adequate parameters which can be used easily to evaluate the grade of heart failure in DMD, except cardiac enlargement and pulmonary congestion observed by chest X-ray picture. Thus, we measured the plasma concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in the patients with muscular dystrophy of various types, and studied a relationship between plasma ANP concentration and heart failure, expecting that it could be an index of heart failure in DMD patients. The plasma ANP concentrations in patients with DMD were 35.5 +/- 3.3pg/ml (mean +/- SE) and higher than in normal subjects (19.3 +/- 1.0pg/ml). In the patients with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy and neurogenic muscular atrophy, the plasma ANP concentration showed a tendency to elevate. However, no elevation of plasma ANP levels was observed in the patients with other types of muscular dystrophy. In DMD, number of the patients having a high plasma ANP concentration was increased with progress of disability grade, and decrease in serum creatine kinase activity and serum myoglobin concentration. There was a significant correlation (p less than 0.01) between plasma ANP concentration and cardiothoracic ratio or PEP/LVET, but no correlation between the concentration and respiratory failure. Immunohistochemistry of the atrial cardiac muscle of an autopsied DMD case revealed many ANP-positive atrial muscle cells, indicating the preservation of ANP-secreting function.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[A case of meningoencephalitis caused by persistent Epstein-Barr (E-B) virus infection].

A 44-year-old man had several episodes of tingling sensation in his lower extremities, head and face over 1 year and presented mental disturbance 2 months prior to admission. He additionally suffered from dysuria and acute onset of gait disturbance 18 days before admission. Physical and neurological examination revealed marked splenomegaly, stupor, abnormal behavior, spastic tetraparesis and sphincter disturbances, and meningoencephalitis was suspected. There was lymphocytosis in peripheral blood, some of which showed atypical morphology. CSF examination revealed increased protein content and mononuclear pleocytosis. The titers of antibodies against E-B virus were elevated as follows; VCA IgM (X320), VCA IgG (X20,480), EA (X10,240) and EBNA (X10) in serum, and VCA IgM (X4), VCA IgG (X160), EA (X40) and EBNA (less than 1) in CSF. CT and MRI examination revealed ring enhanced lesion adjacent to left lateral ventricle with surrounding diffuse edema. Administration of intravenous glycerol and oral prednisolone induced substantial improvement in sensory, mental and sphincter disturbances and brain CT findings but not in splenomegaly and pyramidal tract signs. Antibody titer against VCA IgM also decreased. After withdrawal of prednisolone, CSF and CT findings worsened, and the antibody titer became elevated again, and CSF and CT findings improved by readministration of prednisolone. From the above signs and laboratory data, especially continuous elevation of antibody titer against E-B VCA IgM for as long as 1 year, this case was considered to be a meningoencephalitis caused by persistent E-B virus infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[An adult case of congenital Horner's syndrome with heterochromia iridis--with special reference to alteration of Horner's sign associated with development].

It is well known that when the Horner's syndrome is congenital, a defect in pigmentation of the iris is usual; all or part of the iris remains light brown. We reported an adult case of congenital Horner's syndrome with remission and relapse of unilateral ptosis. A 25-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for ophthalmologic surgical treatment of right ptosis. According to the patient's mother, the patient was delivered with the aid of forceps at birth, and the right ptosis was observed during the first few days of his life. At 2 to 3 years of age, his parents noted lighter color of the right eye. The right ptosis was gradually improved as he grew older. However, he developed right ptosis again with left meralgia paresthesia since eighteen age. At age 25 years, he was noted to have right ptosis, right miosis (the left pupil measured 4.5 mm in diameter and the right 3.0 mm), right heterochromia iridis with pigmented iris nevi, and left meralgia paresthesia . Laboratory data of urine, blood and CSF as well as radiological studies of chest X-ray, skull X-ray, spine X-ray, brain MRI and spinal cord MRI showed unremarkable. Sweating test was intact, pharmacologic test to Horner's syndrome with 5% cocaine and 1.25% 1-epinephrine indicated that the damage was pointed to the post ganglionic sympathetic neuron. Ten patients with congenital Horner's syndrome reported in Japan since 1953 were reviewed including our case. Ten of eleven were male and Horner's sign was recorded on the left eye in 8 cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[A case of psittacosis meningitis complicated with uveitis].

A 14-year-old boy was admitted to our hospital complaining of dull headache, high fever and decreased visual acuity of his left eye. Physical examination on admission revealed nuchal rigidity, positive Kernig's sign, slight hyperreflexia of deep tendon reflex, and decreased visual acuity of his left eye to 0.1. The chest was clear to percussion and auscultation, and no abnormal findings was observed on chest x-ray examination. On laboratory examination, leukocytosis (12,800/mm3) and increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (83mm/hr) was observed. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination showed pleocytosis (308/3, mono 286, poly 22) and slight elevation of protein without decrease of glucose content (52mg/dl). On ophthalmologic examination, characteristic anterior and posterior uveitis was found in both eyes, more on the left. Antibody titer to psittaci was significantly elevated in both serum and CSF in his clinical course, therefore, this case was diagnosed as psittacosis meningitis complicated with uveitis. Minocycline (200mg/day) was administered from the 30th hospital day. The effect of this drug was dramatic, and fever and dull headache rapidly disappeared. In addition, fundus oculi examination on the 85th hospital day, revealed no abnormality in his eyes, and his visual acuity returned to normal level (1.0). This case was considered to be extremely rare case of psittacosis, because in addition to meningitis, the patient complicated with uveitis without any respiratory signs and symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Effects of differences in charge and hydrophobicity of surface amino acids of hemoglobins on high-performance gel-permeation chromatography.

We studied the elution properties of the carboxy and deoxy forms of hemoglobins A, S, and C in gel-permeation high-performance liquid chromatography using TSK-GEL-SW-type columns. Since these hemoglobins have the same molecular mass but different amino acids at the beta 6 position, they are ideal for studies of the effect of charge and hydrophobicity on elution patterns in high-performance gel-permeation chromatography. Although there was a linear relationship between elution volume and logarithm of molecular mass of various proteins, the elution volumes of carboxyhemoglobins were found to be slightly greater than the expected volumes calculated from the molecular mass. The elution volumes of hemoglobins increased in the order of hemoglobins F, A, C, and S in 0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, at room temperature. The elution volume of these hemoglobins was also dependent on pH and salt concentration. These results indicate that elution of these hemoglobins was affected by the electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions between hemoglobin molecules and polar sites of silica gel (with silanol groups) of the resin matrix of TSK-G2000-SW. This study may serve as a useful reference for separation and determination of molecular masses of proteins in the native state using gel-permeation liquid chromatography.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1988

Facilitation of Hb S polymerization by the substitution of Glu for Gln at beta 121.

In an effort to clarify the role of Glu-beta 121 of Hb S molecules in polymerization, we studied the solubility and kinetics of polymerization of various mixtures of deoxyhemoglobins S (Glu-beta 6----Val) and D Los Angeles (Glu-beta 121----Gln). It is known that patients with Hb S-D Los Angeles have a relatively severe clinical course. Mixtures of Hb S and Hb D Los Angeles polymerized after a distinct delay time, the length of which depended on the initial hemoglobin concentration and the fraction of Hb S in the mixture. There was a linear relationship between the logarithmic plot of delay time and initial hemoglobin concentration. The line for a 1:1 mixture of Hb S and Hb D Los Angeles shifted to the right of that for deoxy-Hb S by 0.08. This shift is much smaller than the shift of 0.32 for 1:1 AS mixtures. From these data, the probability factor for nucleation of S-D Los Angeles hybrid hemoglobin was calculated to be 1.16, which is higher than that of Hb S (1.0) and AS hybrid hemoglobin (0.5). The degree of co-polymerization of Hb D Los Angeles in S-D Los Angeles mixtures was similar to that of Hb A in AS mixtures. The critical concentration for the polymerization of Hb D Los Angeles was between that of Hb A and Hb Machida, which has the same amino acid substitution (Glu----Gln) at the beta 6 position. These results suggest that the protein interaction of Hb S molecules during nucleation involves at least two steps. First, the Val-beta 6 of a Hb S molecule interacts hydrophobically with the Phe-beta 85 and the Leu-beta 88 of an adjacent Hb S molecule. In the second step, Glu-beta 121 weakens the interaction with His-beta 116 and Pro-alpha 114. The substitution of Glu-beta 121----Gln may strengthen this second reaction and facilitate nucleation as well as polymerization.

Glutamates↗
PubMed1988

Bile acids of patients with renal failure (possibility of bile acid secretion in the distal tubule).

Bile acids of patients with renal failure and of healthy subjects were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography after group separation. The amount of bile acids in the total dialysate (150 L) of the patients was smaller than that in the 24-h urine of healthy subjects. Polar bile acid sulfates constituted 17.3% and 30.9% of the total bile acids in serum and urine of healthy subjects, respectively, 26.0% in predialysis serum of patients, and only 11.3% in dialysate of patients. The amount of bile acid sulfates in the hemodialysate converted during a 24-h period dialysis, was still smaller than that in 24-h urine of healthy subjects. We propose that the distal tubule secretes bile acid sulfates.

Bile Acids and Salts↗