Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to J Vincent.
Two cases of genuine concurrent muscular subvalvular aortic and muscular infundibular pulmonary stenosis in pigs are reported. The character of this morphophysiological syndrome is discussed. The morphology of the heart of the pig predisposes this animal to the syndrome.
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Biosynthesis of a whole series of deuteriated amino acids has been carried out, by cultivation of the yeast Candida lipolytica in an artificial medium composed of a deuterio-alkane, heavy water, water and some mineral salts.
The present study demonstrates a powerful vasoconstrictor activity of prostaglandin-like substances (PLS), extracted from P. acnes, on human blood vessels. PLS is about equipotent to PGE2 in its effect on human umbilical vessels, but the contractile response pattern is different. PLS therefore seems to have specific and different physiological characteristics.
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The prostaglandin-like substances (PLS) isolated from P. acnes were investigated by reversed phase chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. These analyses demonstrated that PLS were not identical with PGE2, which supports a concept of PLS as a potential mediator of the inflammatory process in acne vulgaris.
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Acidic polysaccharides (AP) are released from Propionibacterium acnes I and II during growth. Similar antigens are released from two strains of P. avidum, but in a smaller amount. Furthermore, prostaglandin-like substances (PLS) have been isolated from the lipid fraction of P. acnes. The AP antigens give rise to a precipitation reaction against a large proportion of normal sera. However, significantly higher antibody titre levels towards the AP fraction were found in patients with severe acne vulgaris. No rise of antibodies was found towards PLS. These findings suggest that AP's may contribute to the inflammatory response in acne vulgaris as antigens, whereas PLS, as one of the potential mediators trigger development of the initial lesions.
The lipolytic activities of four common dermatophytes, Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum canis, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and T. rubrum, were tested on agar medium supplemented with one or other of several lipids. The lipolytic activity was estimated by comparison of the zone sizes around the colonies. The highest lipolytic activity was demonstrated by M. canis, followed by T. mentagrophytes and E. floccosum; T. rubrum virtually lacked lipolytic activity. The clinical importance of these observations and their application in the identification of dermatophytes is discussed.
The clinical response of topical erythromycin (1%) in a new penetrative vehicle was evaluated in a double-blind investigation on 28 patients with severe and moderate acne vulgaris. The verum preparation was superior to the placebo in 21 of the patients, while in 4 the reverse was true and in 3 no differences were seen. It is thus obvious that topical erythromycin in the penetrative vehicle is a potent agent for acne treatment. The risk for development of resistant Propionibacterium acnes strains must, however, be considered in topical as well as in systemic antibiotic therapy of acne vulgaris.
The authors use this term to describe collections of fatty material in the tissues, circumscribed or not, which may cause permanent deformity of the mediastinum. This definition may not be based upon histological examinations but it is perfectly appropriate following the recent use of computer tomography (CAT) investigations. The authors base their comments on the study of 21 cases divisible into two groups of unequal size: in 5 cases, studied without using CAT, diagnosis was made during operation; in the 16 other cases it was made by CAT. The masses may be circumscribed or not, but mixed forms have been observed. Among the circumscribed masses. Those in the right cardiophrenic region appear to be the frequent and are observed mainly in women: a retrocardiac location implies than an associated hiatus hernia must be searched for; the mediastinoparietal reduplicated form being rarely seen. The spreading types are noted mainly in men and occur usually in the superior or median part of the mediastinum. These masses can be demonstrated and diagnosis simplified by the use of CAT, as it is a truly specific radiological examination which eliminates the use of tomography, pneumomediastinum, and angiography as diagnostic procedures. Surgical operation is no longer practiced for diagnostic purposes and can be avoided in very many cases.
The usual radiographic projections do not enable to do a complete diagnosis of the pattern of the calcanear fractures. Horizontal tomograms, performed since 1975 by the authors with a complex movement tomographe show the superior surface of the calcaneus. Compared with the sagittal and frontal tomograms, they are absolutely necessary to know the shape of the fractured calcaneus and to precise the anatomical basis of its treatment.
Three acidic polysaccharide (AP) fractions and the prostaglandin-like substances (PLS) isolated from P. acnes were investigated regarding their chemotactic activities on polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Both AP's and PLS induced a significant chemotatic response, which suggests their involvement in inflammatory acne vulgaris.
The biological activity of a lipid fraction extracted from P. acnes was tested on isolated smooth muscle strips from the human utero-tubal junction. The bioassay experiments support the concept that prostaglandin-like substances (PLS) occur in P. acnes. However, in the bioassay system used, the effect of PLS was different from that of PGF2 alpha and PGI2 but similar, although not identical, to that of arachidonic acid and PGE2.
The prostaglandin-like substances (PLS) from Propionibacterium acnes increased the ovarian tissue levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP) approximately 2-fold. The lipid material extracted from P. acnes thus behaved like PG's of the E-type, and since it is unlikely that other known stimulators of the ovarian cAMP system can be present in the bacterial lipid fraction, these experiments give further evidence in favour of the occurrence of PLS in P. acnes.
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