Parenterally administered acyclovir for viral retinitis associated with AIDS.
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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Biomedical subjects
J Sugar
Publications and source records attributed to J Sugar.
Lysis of herpes simplex virus-infected targets. II. Nature of the effector cells.
Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from patients with herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 recurrences in the cornea only (Group I) exhibited reduced lysis of HSV-1-infected targets compared to PBL from patients with oral-facial and corneal HSV recurrences (Group II). The cytotoxic lymphocytes appeared to belong to a subpopulation of natural killer (NK-HSV) cells. Monoclonal antibodies to human lymphocyte differentiation antigens were used to define the surface phenotype of the NK-HSV cells. Most of the NK-HSV activity was mediated by lymphocytes expressing the surface markers Leu-7+ (HNK-1), OKT3+ (pan T), OKM1+ (myeloid and NK), Leu-2- (cytotoxic/suppressor T cell), and Leu-8- (regulatory T cell). In contrast, lysis of K562 cells (NK-K562) was mediated by lymphocytes bearing the surface phenotype Leu-7+, OKT3-, OKM1+, Leu-2+/-, and Leu-8-. The low level of NK-HSV activity in PBL from Group I donors appeared to be due to active suppression by suppressor T lymphocytes. Depletion of Leu-2+ cells from PBL of Group I donors resulted in significant augmentation of NK-HSV activity. Similar treatment of PBL from Group II donors either had no effect or slightly diminished the NK-HSV activity.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
Argon laser destruction of anterior chamber implantation cysts.
Five patients with anterior chamber implantation cysts underwent argon laser therapy. Three cysts were eradicated and one shrunk to a small stable remnant within 1 to 5 treatment sessions. One cyst re-formed repeatedly, prompting iridocyclectomy. Follow-up ranged from 3 to 38 months.
Adolescent↗
Intercellular junctions of methylcholanthrene-induced rat skin basocellular and squamous carcinomas.
The occurrence of different intercellular junctions in epithelial rat skin tumours induced by methylcholanthrene was investigated using thin sections and freeze-fracture replicas examined by electron microscopy. Tumours which appeared first were basal cell carcinomas. Later, different tumours of hair follicle and of sebaceous gland origin were formed. Finally, in the majority of tumours a squamous component evolved. Metastases developed from the squamous carcinomas exclusively. Desmosomes and gap junctions were detected in basal cell carcinomas whereas, in squamous carcinomas, tight junctions were also seen. While all three types of junction were found in the primary squamous tumours, the tumour metastases in lymph nodes and lungs contained only desmosomes.
Animals↗
Lysis of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infected targets. I. A comparison of the activity of lymphocytes from patients with HSV recurrences at different anatomical sites.
The lysis of herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-1) infected allogeneic targets by peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from patients with recurrent HSV lesions at different anatomical sites was compared. Eighteen patients with recurrent HSV lesions of the cornea, but with no history of HSV recurrences at other anatomical sites (Group I donors); 13 patients with corneal HSV and oral-facial HSV recurrences (Group II donors); and 24 donors with no history of HSV recurrences (control donors) were included in the study. PBL from Group I donors demonstrated low levels of cytotoxicity for HSV-1 infected allogeneic targets relative to controls (p less than 0.001) and Group II donors (p less than 0.001). This low level of lytic activity against HSV infected allogeneic targets was associated with depressed natural killer lysis of K562 cells (NK-K562). PBL from Group II donors did not demonstrate depressed NK-K562 activity. Furthermore, after incubation for 48 hours with HSV-1, PBL from Group II donors showed increased lytic activity against allogeneic HSV infected targets, autologous blast cell targets, and HSV-1 infected autologous blast cell targets, relative to PBL incubated without HSV-1. Similar incubation with HSV-1 of PBL from Group I donors did not result in increased lytic activity.
Cell Line↗
Heterogeneity in keratoconus: possible biochemical basis.
Total protein and collagen content in normal and keratoconus corneas were determined. The protein content (expressed as a function of dry weight) in all keratoconus corneal samples was lower than that found in normal corneas. However, among the 11 keratoconus corneas examined, only 7 (group A) had the same hydroxyproline content (expressed as a function of dry weight) as normal corneas; 4 others (group B) showed significantly less. In tissue culture, four strains derived from keratoconus stroma (group I) produced total protein at the same rate as cells from normal controls. Four other strains (group II), however, had a decreased rate of protein synthesis. The amount of collagenous protein synthesized per microgram DNA by group I strains was similar to that found in normal cultures, whereas it was significantly reduced in group II cultures. We suggest that group I strains represent group A corneas. Group II strains, with a reduced level of both protein and collagen synthesis, may represent group B corneas. The defect in this group appears to be decreased total synthetic activity of corneal cells. The variation in our results suggests that keratoconus is a heterogeneous disease. The heterogeneity may explain the contradictory data that exist in the literature.
Adolescent↗
Management of loose Choyce-style anterior chamber lenses.
Loose Choyce-style anterior chamber intraocular lens implants were removed from four patients. We offer general and specific guidelines for the management of patients with mobile Choyce-style anterior chamber lens, with discussion of corneal decompensation, cystoid macular edema, and iritis in these patients, and for prevention of the problem.
Aged↗
Imipramine inhibiton of ragweed allergic conjunctivitis.
Twenty-seven patients sensitive to ragweed pollen were treated with topical imipramine 0.05% in one eye and vehicle in the other in a double-masked fashion. The eyes treated with imipramine showed significantly less redness, tearing, and discomfort after exposure to pollen extract. Imipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant, appears to be an effective antihistamine in the eye.
Administration, Topical↗
Corneal endothelial cell measurements in megalocornea.
A pedigree of megalocornea manifested many of the characteristic features as well as some less common features of the disorder. Endothelial specular microscopy of affected patients disclosed normal endothelial cell densities and morphologic characteristics and increased total endothelial cell populations, suggesting a process of total corneal hyperplasia. In contrast, unpublished data indicate diminished densities in congenital glaucoma, a finding more consistent with corneal distention. We conclude that specular microscopy may be of value in differentiating the two disorders, although larger series are necessary for confirmation.
Anterior Chamber↗
Stripping of Descemet's membrane associated with intraocular lens implantation.
Stripping of Descemet's membrane (DM) occurred during intraocular lens implantation in three patients. We repositioned and anchored DM with an intracameral air bubble and through-and-through No. 10-0 nylon sutures. The favorable visual results achieved in cases of large, scrolled, nonplanar detachments reinforce the advantage of surgical repositioning. Descemetopexy with reverse through-and-through sutures in a "closed system" is recommended.
Aged↗
Superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis associated with cosmetic soft contact lens wear.
Thirteen patients who wore soft contact lenses were seen with a syndrome consistent with superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis. An irregular epithelial surface, punctate staining with fluorescein, and subepithelial infiltrates were found on the superior aspect of the corneas in association with hyperemia of the superior bulbar conjunctivae. The keratoconjunctivitis persisted as long as 15 months after discontinuation of lens wear. Patch testing with ophthalmic vehicle preservatives, performed on seven patients, failed to show a consistent hypersensitivity to any of the tested compounds, and three patients had used only preservative-free saline for lens care. The etiology of this syndrome is unknown.
Adolescent↗
Pseudomonas corneal ulcer with extended-wear soft contact lenses for myopia.
Extended-wear soft contact lenses for myopic correction are becoming a more frequent alternative to spectacles. The risk of corneal ulceration with their use exists. In our patient, a 29-year-old woman, a severe Pseudomonas aeruginosa corneal ulcer developed after the use of extended-wear contact lenses for myopia.
Adult↗
Conjunctival myxoma. A clinicopathologic study.
A 54-year-old white man had a slowly growing painless epibulbar mass that clinically mimicked a lymphangioma. Morphologically, the paucicellular tumor contained stellate and spindly cells, mast cells, and dilated lymphatic channels embedded in a loose collagenous matrix. The clinical differential diagnosis included lymphangioma, amelanotic nevus, lymphoma, reactive lymphoid hyperplasia, dermoid, lipoma, and botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma. Pathologically, lymphangioma, myxoid neurofibroma, and spindle cell lipoma were all considered. The authors discuss the clinical and histopathologic features of the various tumors, and confirmation of the diagnosis of conjunctival myxoma by differential alcian blue staining properties dependent on critical electrolyte concentration.
Conjunctiva↗
Resection of uveal melanocytoma: clinicopathological correlation.
Four patients had pigmented lesions in the anterior uveal tract and choroid which presented clinically as malignant melanomas. All the lesions were successfully removed by local excision. Histopathological studies showed the tumours to be melanocytomas, indicating that enucleation or irradiation would have been contraindicated. The 3 patients with iris and ciliary body melanocytomas continue to maintain corrected visual acuities of 20/30 or better. In the patient with choroidal melanocytoma central visual acuity was compromised owing to cystoid macular oedema. All 3 melanocytomas involving the anterior segment were located inferiorly. Biomicroscopically, they were chocolate coloured (not black) and resembled malignant melanomas of the same location. The choroidal melanocytoma also resembled a malignant melanoma by ophthalmoscopic and angiographic criteria, and did not have the jet black or homogeneous pigmentation that characterises most melanocytomas of the disc.
Adult↗
Relaxing keratotomy for post-keratoplasty high astigmatism.
Seventeen patients underwent relaxing keratotomy for post-keratoplasty high astigmatism (range 8.5 to 18.0 diopters). The mean reduction in cylinder was 7.53 (+/- 3.13 SD) diopters, with a range from 2.5 to 11.5 diopters. There was a trend toward a more myopic spherical equivalent of 1.69 (+/- 2.29 SD) diopters with a range of 0.43 diopters of flattening to 5.5 diopters of steepening. Perforations occurred in two patients, but none had a permanent negative outcome.
Astigmatism↗
[Use of aspiration biopsy for the cytodiagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma].
The data on application of fine-needle aspiration biopsy followed by cytologic investigation in the diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas are reported. Changes in cell population and presence of proliferating cells, characteristic of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, can be detected by this method. Since the procedure is simple, painless, complication-free and assures a more than 90% accuracy, its application is indicated for diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.
Biopsy, Needle↗
Photocoagulation therapy of a pigmented retrocorneal plaque.
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Cataract Extraction↗
The intelligence of hydrocephalic children.
In a group of 78 children with hydrocephalus in the first months of life, the level and pattern of intelligence were considered in relation to various parameters and symptoms of their condition. These included demography (age, sex, handedness); early developmental status; symptoms (visual, motor, and seizure); formative pathology; type of hydrocephalus; site of CSF obstruction; extent and configuration of cortical thinning; and shunt treatment. The common outcome of early hydrocephalus is an uneven growth of intelligence during childhood, with nonverbal intelligence developing less well than verbal intelligence. The origin of this selective cognitive deficit is in neither the hydrocephalic condition itself nor its treatment, but rather in the developmental brain anomalies and symptoms to which the hydrocephalic child is prone: In children with aqueduct blocks and intraventricular hydrocephalus, a selectively thin vertex and occipital lobe; in any hydrocephalic child, ocular abnormalities, motor deficits, and seizures.
Age Factors↗