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Biomedical subjects

J Shikata

Publications and source records attributed to J Shikata.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Comparison of lymphocyte subpopulations in arterial and venous blood of the rat].

Lymphocyte subpopulation as well as other hematological properties were compared between arterial and venous bloods of Wistar-Imamichi rats. Lymphocyte subsets were defined with four monoclonal antibodies which were specific to the respective cell surface glycoproteins. Using these monoclonal antibodies, subsets of B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, helper T lymphocytes, and suppressor and cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the peripheral lymphocytes were identified. The blood samples were taken from aorta abdominalis and venae cava caudalis. The population of these subsets were enumerated by a laser flow-cytometry system. The result showed that there was no significant difference in hematological properties between the arterial and venous blood except in leukocyte count and hemoglobin concentration. The difference in leukocyte counts was thought to depend mainly on the fluctuation of the lymphocyte counts. However, no significant difference was recognized in the proportion of positive cells to each monoclonal antibody. It was concluded that the difference in leukocyte counts found between the arterial and venous bloods of the Wistar-Imamichi rat did not produce any effects on the proportion of the subpopulation in the peripheral lymphocytes, and the lymphocyte subpopulations in both arterial and venous bloods were substantially equivalent to each other.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Effects of biological response modifier on thoracic duct lymphocytes in recurrent gastric cancer. Evaluation of OK-432, a hemolytic streptococcus preparation.

In 9 patients with recurrent gastric carcinoma treated with intracutaneous injections of a hemolytic streptococcal preparation of OK-432 (PIC), the T/B cell ratio, the number of IgG-Fc receptor positive (T gamma) cells, the degree of blastoid transformation of lymphocytes in response to concanavalin-A (Con-A) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA), and the activity of natural killer cells (NK) in the thoracic duct lymphocytes (TDL) and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were measured. In thoracic duct lymph, the T cell to B cell ratio was higher than that found in peripheral blood. The proportion of T gamma cells and the natural killer cell activity was found to be considerably lower in TDL than PBL, though there was a higher degree of blastoid transformation of lymphocytes in response to Con-A and PHA in TDL. After the administration of PIC, there was no significant difference in T/B cell ratios and T gamma cell proportion between TDL and PBL, though the lymphocytic blastoid transformation in response to Con-A and PHA decreased in TDL but not in PBL. PIC administration appeared to augument natural killer cell activity in both TDL and PBL.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Effects of oral administration of streptococcal preparation OK-432 on thoracic duct lymphocytes.

One KE of streptococcal preparation OK-432 (PIC) was given orally to 6-week old male Wistar-Imamichi rats twice weekly, and control animals received comparable volumes of saline alone. Samples of thoracic duct lymph and posterior vena caval blood were collected prior to and 4 and 8 weeks following PIC. The T cell count of thoracic duct lymphocytes was about three times greater than that of venous blood specimens, and increased significantly in animals following PIC. Controls showed only a slight increase followed by a decrease, so that by 8 weeks of treatment with PIC, the thoracic duct T cell count revealed a significantly greater number in the PIC group than in the controls. In addition, after 8 weeks the per cent T cell subpopulation in thoracic duct lymph increased significantly in the treated group, but it declined in the control group. Concerning T cell subsets in thoracic duct lymphocytes, the percentage of suppressor/cytotoxic T cells showed a significant elevation in the control group after 4 weeks compared with the treated group. No other blood or lymph variables reached statistical significance in this respect.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1987

Hemolytic streptococcus preparation OK-432; beneficial adjuvant therapy in recurrent gastric carcinoma.

The administration of a hemolytic streptococcus preparation, OK-432, is thought to be of therapeutic value in the treatment of cancer patients through a stimulatory effect on the immune system. In order to evaluate any beneficial effect of such an administration, a group of patients with recurrent gastric cancer was studied. This group was randomly subdivided into 3 groups: 1) Intradermal group (ID Group), 42 patients given an intradermal injections of OK-432. 2) Intramuscular group (IM Group), 40 patients given an intramuscular injections of OK-432. 3) Control group (C Group), 39 patients not given injections. Each group was studied in regards to the length of survival, the host immune response and the incidence of side effects. When compared to the IM and C Groups, the ID Group showed improved survival. Accompanying this improved survival, the ID Group also had greater white cell and lymphocyte counts, a greater number of T cells, and a more dramatic skin reaction to the extracted cell wall polysaccharide of hemolytic streptococcus Su-strain (Su-PS). The ID Group, following OK-432 injection, had a 4.8% incidence of fever and a 52.4% incidence of local abscess formation at the injection site. 90% of the IM Group developed fever but abscess formation was absent in all patients. From these results, it was concluded that in the patients tested, intradermal injection of OK-432 appears to be clinically superior to intramuscular injection.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1986

N1-(2 tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil (FT-207) in the postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy of gastric cancer. Delivery of a fat-emulsified agent to the lymph.

The influence of fat emulsification of N1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil (FT-207) on lymphatic transport was studied in seven postoperative gastric cancer patients. The water-in-oil-type of emulsion of FT-207 (FT-w/o), the oil-in-water-type emulsion of FT-207 (FT-o/w) and an enteric-coated granule of FT-207 (FT-G) each in 1-g doses, calculated in terms of FT-207, were administered orally. Lymph from a thoracic duct fistula, prepared in advance, and from the blood of a peripheral vein was collected simultaneously along a time course after administration to measure the concentrations of FT-207 and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). For FT-w/o, FT-207, and 5-FU, concentrations were significantly higher, both in the lymph and in the blood, than those for FT-G and FT-o/w. However, no significant differences in FT-207 and 5-FU concentrations were observed between FT-o/w and FT-G. It was concluded that FT-w/o can be useful as an adjuvant chemotherapeutic drug in the postoperative treatment of gastric cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Elastin in the human intervertebral disk. A histological and biochemical study comparing it with elastin in the human yellow ligament.

The elastic fiber and elastin in the human yellow ligament and intervertebral disk were studied histologically and biochemically. The elastic fiber in the human intervertebral disk, which until now had not been clearly identified microscopically, was observed clearly. We found the distribution of the elastic fiber in the intervertebral disk to be very sparse and irregular, and its diameter was small, being about one-tenth of that found in the yellow ligament. The elastin contents of the yellow ligament and intervertebral disk were 46.7% +/- 0.9% and 1.7% +/- 0.2% respectively (mean +/- SE) of the total dry weight. The amino acid composition of elastin in the yellow ligament is similar to that of other tissue, as reported in the literature; however, that found in the intervertebral disk is significantly different. It would appear, therefore, that the elastin in the intervertebral disk is of a different type from that found elsewhere.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Effects of tension on local blood flow in experimental intestinal anastomoses.

In intestinal anastomoses, local blood flow is one of the most important factors contributing to the success of the healing process. While submucosal local blood flow is maintained better in the colon than in the small intestine, the incidence of anastomotic leakage is higher in the former than in the latter. To resolve this conflict, we have examined differences in the reactivity of the intestinal segments toward the application of tension. Anastomosis was performed with a stapler on the jejunum, ileum, and colon of experimental dogs. The anastomotic sites were subjected to tensile loads applied in incremental steps to measure and compare local blood flow, measured by the hydrogen clearance method, in the submucosal layers of the anastomoses in these intestinal segments. The results of these comparative evaluations indicate that, at a tensile stress level of more than 4 g/mm2, local blood flow in the colon is significantly smaller than that in the jejunum and ileum. These findings were corroborated by microangiographical observations carried out during stress application. The microangiographical data suggest that the rate of filling of the contrast medium is lower with colonic anastomosis than with jejunal and ileal anastomoses. In addition, the intraluminal pressure of the colon was higher than that of the small intestine during the induced peristalsis. The different sensitivity of the local microcirculation systems of the intestinal segments to tension may thus be considered one of the factors accounting for the higher incidence of clinical suture failure in colonic than in small intestinal anastomoses.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

An experimental study on prevention of postlaminectomy scar formation by the use of new materials.

An experimental study was performed to investigate the prevention of scar formation after lumbar laminectomy, using Elastase and the new polylactic acid (PLA) membrane containing Elastase. The experimental animals consisted of four groups: control group, E group (using intravenous administration of Elastase), P group (covering the laminectomy defect with PLA membrane), and P-E group (covering the laminectomy defect with "PLA" + Elastase" membrane). The animals were killed at varying intervals (2-12 weeks) and changes in the lumbar spines were evaluated histologically. Scar formation was suppressed most significantly in the P-E group, followed in order by the E group, the P group, and the controls.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[The influence of a biological response modifier on thoracic lymphocytes--a study involving clinical cases and animal experiments].

The influence of a biological response modifier on thoracic lymphocytes was studied clinically and experimentally. The thoracic lymphocytes and peripheral blood were taken from nine cases of gastric cancer relapse before and after the administration of hemolytic streptococci, OK-432 (PIC), for immunological examination. T: B cell ratio, T cell ratio and ADCC activity of the thoracic lymphocytes and peripheral blood were not changed but the NK activities of both were increased. The juvenilization of lymphocytes was reduced but that of the peripheral blood was not changed. The number and the ratio of T cells in the thoracic lymphocytes of Wistar rats were considerably increased by the administration of PIC but they were reduced in the peripheral blood. T-cell subsets of thoracic lymphocytes and peripheral blood were hardly changed by the administration of PIC. In the case immunological treatment, the thoracic lymphocytes and blood lymphocytes should be monitored because their biological specificities are different.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

A method for toxicological evaluation of biomaterials based on colony formation of V79 cells.

This report describes a method for cytotoxicity screening of biomaterials based on colony formation of V79 cells. For this test, two metals (titanium and nickel), two ceramics (alumina ceramic and tricalcium phosphate), and two types of polymeric material [high density polyethylene (HDP) and polyvinylchloride (PVC)] were used. Each metal and ceramic was cast into a disk and semidisk 49 mm in diameter and 1 to 2 mm thick. The HDP was molded into a petri dish and PVC was used as a thin film. The materials were sterilized by heating or with ethylene oxide and placed in plastic petri dishes, after which 8 ml cell suspension containing 100 cells were added to each dish. After 1 week, the colonies formed on the materials were fixed, stained, and then the number of colonies was counted. Titanium, alumina ceramic, and HDP showed no differences from the controls in terms of colonies. On the disks and the semidisks of nickel and tricalcium phosphate and on the thin disks of PVC, however, no colonies were detected. The V79 cells used in this experiment showed a rapid and logarithmically stable growth curve and such a high rate of colony formation as to form visible noticeable colonies, and were therefore suitable cells for screening test the cytotoxicity of biomaterials. Unlike other previously reported methods of in vitro cytotoxicity testing, this method permits assay of colonies formed from a single cell after proliferation directly on the materials. Moreover, the test with semidisks permits simple screening to assess the cytotoxicity is caused by either the chemical substances or the physical properties of the materials.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aluminum Oxide↗
PubMed1985

Experimental studies by the resin-casting method on the vascular structure of the colon following stapler anastomoses.

A Russian stapler and an EEA stapler were used for end-to-end anastomosis of the canine descending colon. The vascular structures of the anastomotic sites were investigated for postoperative changes at two, three, four, five, and six weeks after anastomosis by using the resin-casting method, with a scanning electron microscope. The two techniques of anastomotic stapling led to the following differences: at two weeks or more following anastomosis, it was found that, compared with the EEA stapler, the site stapled with the Russian device showed a slightly more markedly irregular microvascular pattern of the capillary network in the mucosal membranes along the anastomotic suture line and what were believed to be microulcerations as well. Samples of the Russian stapler at two and three weeks postoperatively showed that the fault zones had developed in the vascular casts of the mucosal capillary system between the area of irregular vasculature and the normal mucosa. It was clearly established, however, that the microvascular channels in the mucosal membrane of the anastomotic site across the orad and anad segments of the colon had already formed after two weeks with both of the stapling techniques. New microvessels grew within a range of about 10 mu in diameter from the cut-off surface of the mucosa and united. No necrotic destruction of tissue or deficiency findings had manifested themselves in the inverted cuff zone of the anastomotic site, and the staple had been enveloped by the blood vessels of the submucosal layer and embedded in the intestinal wall during the period of two to six weeks. New microvessels, 10 to 15 mu in diameter, were found to have already formed in the two-week samples, passing vertically across the lumen of the closed eye of the staple, and no differences in vascular structure were detected, depending on the different shapes of staples used. Five to six weeks after the anastomotic surgery, the mucosal membranes in the anastomotic site showed a normal vascular structure with only minute residual indentations.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[An immunological study on the effect of simultaneous intrahepatic injection of an immunomodulator (OK-432) and adriamycin--an experiment in rats].

An immunological study of the effect of a simultaneous intrahepatic injection of adriamycin (ADM) and OK-432 (PIC) in seven-week-old S.D. rats was carried out. Three experimental groups included an ADM-PIC-0.5 group which was administered 0.5 mg/kg ADM and 0.5 KE/kg PIC, an ADM-PIC-1.0 group which was administered 1.0 mg/kg ADM and 1.0 KE/kg PIC and an ADM-PIC-2.0 group which was administered 2.0 mg/kg ADM and 2.0 KE/kg PIC. A control group was injected with normal saline. The numbers of T-cells, B-cells, helper T-cells and suppressor T-cells were counted before, 1 day after and 5 days after intrahepatic injection. The suppressor T-cell count decreased (p less than 0.05) in the ADM-PIC-0.5 group and the T-cell count (p less than 0.05), B-cell count (p less than 0.05), helper T-cell count (p less than 0.01), suppressor T-cell (p less than 0.05) and the ratio of suppressor T-cells among lymphocytes were decreased in the ADM-PIC-1.0 group. Decreases in the T-cell count (p less than 0.01), B-cell count (p less than 0.05), helper T-cell count (p less than 0.01), suppressor T-cell (p less than 0.01) and the ratio of suppressor T-cells among lymphocytes (p less than 0.01) were recognized in the ADM-PIC-2.0 group one day after injection. Five days after injection, the ratio of suppressor T-cells among lymphocytes (p less than 0.01) was decreased in the ADM-PIC-0.5 group, and suppressor T-cells (p less than 0.05) and the ratio of suppressor T-cells among lymphocytes were decreased in the ADM-PIC-1.0 group. In the ADM-PIC-2.0 group, suppressor T-cell count (p less than 0.01) and the ratio of suppressor T-cells among lymphocytes were decreased. The result suggested that a simultaneous intrahepatic injection with PIC could improve the immunosuppression produced by an intrahepatic injection of ADM.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗