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Biomedical subjects

J Scott

Publications and source records attributed to J Scott.

At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography using the "Chiba" needle--80 cases.

Using the Chiba needle for percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, bile ducts have been visualized radiographically in 80% of 80 patients with cholestatic jaundice. The success rate was 94.4% in the 54 patients with dilated bile ducts due to an extrahepatic bilary obstruction, and 50% of the 20 patients with undilated ducts. Four patients developed ascending cholangitis with septicaemia on the same day as the procedure, and early surgery after visualization of obstructed bile ducts is recommended. The technique was successful in three of five patients with sclerosing cholangitis. Percutaneous cholangiography using the Chiba needle is a convenient method of opacifying the biliary system in patients with severe large bile duct obstruction.

Cholangiography↗
PubMed1977

Degenerative changes in the histology of the human submandibular salivary gland occurring with age.

A histological investigation was made of 96 human submandibular salivary glands, obtained at necropsy and evenly representative of sex and adult age to 95 years. Age-dependent atrophy was observed in both acinar and ductal epithelia. With increasing age structural changes were also found in fibrous and elastic tissues as well as in the walls of arteries and veins. Ischaemia due to partial occlusion of arteries may be one reason for the age-dependent atrophy of parenchyma. The deteriorative changes developing with age in arterial walls and in acinar and ductal epithelia probably both contribute to the reduced functional efficiency of salivary glands which is known to occur in senescence.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1976

Percutaneous transhepatic obliteration of gastro-oesophageal varices.

Percutaneous transhepatic portal-vein catheterisation was attempted to obliterate the major variceal venous supply in 13 decompensated cirrhotic patients, who continued to bleed after conservative therapy. Obliteration was achieved and bleeding stopped in 7 patients. In 5 patients obliteration was technically unsuccessful. The remaining patient had an unsuspected portal-vein block diagnosed by the transhepatic technique. 1 patient with successfully obliterated varices died after a haemothorax and haemorperitoneum developed. Follow-up splenic venography at three to six months in the 6 successfully thrombosed patients showed that 4 had persistent obliteration and had not re-bled. 2 patients re-bled from incompletely obliterated varices. It is concluded that selective obliteration of the major variceal supply is effective in stopping acute gastro-oesophageal variceal bleeding, but that greater experience is necessary before the long-term effectiveness of the procedure can be determined.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Four new anti-inflammatory drugs: responses and variations.

Ninety patients with rheumatoid arthritis completed a double-blind crossover trial comparing fenoprofen, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, and naproxen. Fenoprofen and naproxen were slightly more effective than the other two drugs but there were striking individual variations in response. Groups of patients could be identified who preferred each of the four drugs. The commonest side effects were those related to the upper gastrointestinal tract; these showed individual variation and seldom occurred with more than one or two of the drugs. Side effects were least common with ibuprofen and naproxen. Since naproxen combined greater effectiveness with a lower incidence of side effects it must be regarded as the first choice among these drugs. It may be necessary to try several drugs before finding the right one for a particular patient.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
PubMed1976

Immunostimulant therapy with levamisole for rheumatoid arthritis.

In a controlled study involving thirty-four patients levamisole was shown to be as effective as D-penicillamine and more effective than placebo in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Its action was slow and was accompanied by a reduction in erythrocyte sedimentation-rate, rheumatoid factor, and technetium index. These properties indicate that it has a specific action like that of D-penicillamine. Stimulation of cell-mediated immunity was evident in patients treated with levamisole, and there was a correlation between such changes and pain relief. Animal models confirmed the absence of anti-inflammatory effect and provided some evidence of enhancement of cell-mediated immunity and macrophage stimulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The fate of folate polyglutamates in meat during storage and processing.

The rate of hydrolysis of chicken liver folate polyglutamates, by endogenous liver conjugases, under various conditions of storage, heat, and tissue disruption, were investigated. The procedure used was to allow a radioactive tracer dose of the vitamin to equilibrate into the folate polyglutamyl pool. After various storage periods and treatments the polyglutamyl state of the folate present was examined by analytical techniques based on oxidative degradation of native folate polyglutamates to the corresponding p-aminobenzoylpolyglutamate followed by chromatographic separation on DEAE cellulose anion exchange resin. Identification of folate polyglutamates present was made by simultaneous elution of known p-aminobenzoylpolyglutamate markers. In an intact tissue sample only slight degradation was found after 48 hr at 4 C; complete degradation of folate polyglutamates taking 120 hr. Samples of homogenized tissue show complete degradation to folate monoglutamates and a small amount of diglutamate after 48 hr storage. Superimposed on the above is the consideration that if at any time prior to or during storage the liver is heated to greater than 100 C irreversible inactivation of the endogenous conjugases takes place and the folate polyglutamate pattern is stabilized. It was also demonstrated that during two different heating procedures no extra deconjugation occurred.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

How double blind is double blind? And does it matter?

In an apparently double blind crossover study, two experienced measurement technicians were able to identify many of the treatment periods. They most often correctly identified aspirin, a drug with prominent effects and side effects. It is argued that in many circumstances it is better to use a blind observer who is not concerned with the giving of treatment or the collection of side effects.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1976

The incidence of focal chronic inflammatory changes in human submandibular salivary glands.

Focal chronic inflammatory changes have been investigated in a series of otherwise non-diseased submandibular salivary glands obtained at necropsy from 96 subjects evenly divided by sex and decades of adult age. Two types of change were recorded: focal aggregates consisting predominantly of lymphocytes; and limited intralobular areas of parenchymal change similar to those present in obstructive sialadenitis. These were termed focal lymphocytic adenitis and focal obstructive adenitis respectively. For each gland the numbers of foci of each type were separately expressed per unit area of section examined. Focal lymphocytic adenitis, which was almost universally present throughout the series, in most cases was not associated with destructive changes in the parenchyma. It showed no simple pattern of incidence in relation to age and sex. Focal obstructive adenitis, also frequently present, showed a gradually increasing prevalence with age. Persistent foci of this type tended to form fibrous scars. These were more frequent in older decades. The increasing incidence of obstructive foci throughout adult life, plus in older age groups their persistence as focal scars, both contribute to the gradual reduction in parenchyma which is a feature of aging in the human submandibular gland.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Objective measurement of rheumatoid arthritis using technetium index.

The technetium index was measured in 22 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, before and after 6 months' treatment either with penicillamine or with anti-inflammatory drugs. The index was calculated by dividing the sum of the count rates over both knees and both wrists by the dose of technetium given. In the penicillamine group there was a significant reduction in the technetium index and the changes correlated well with some clinical measurements of improvement. It is suggested that the technetium index is a useful objective measure of the effects of drugs with a specific activity in rheumatoid arthritis.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗