Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Sander

Publications and source records attributed to J Sander.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

[Simultaneous thyroxin determination in thyrotropin (TSH) screening for congenital hypothyroidism (author's transl)].

A dried-blood screening test for demonstration of congenital hypothyroidism was developed using materials of a commercially available radioimmunoassay for estimation of thyroxin (T4) in serum. The method is characterised by simple performance and satisfactory precision (coefficient of variation 7.8-12.4%). Performance of the test parallel to single determination of thyrotropin (TSH) instead of the usual TSH double determination is considered. Diagnostic advantages of both methods can thus be combined. Screening is not burdened by additional cost. However, an increase of the number of follow-up investigations may be expected.

Congenital Hypothyroidism↗
PubMed1982

Urinary-tract infection and bacteraemia in hospitalized medical patients--a European multicentre prevalence survey on nosocomial infection.

A co-ordinated survey of 3899 medical patients in 169 wards, performed simultaneously in eight countries, showed a point-prevalence of urinary-tract infection (UTI) and bacteraemia of 12.6 and 1.6 per cent, respectively. One-half of the infections were acquired after the patients' admission. The bacteriological patterns of hospital- vs community-acquired infections were different, but showed no unexpected features. Antibiotic treatment was recorded in 22.3 per cent of the patients in this study, urinary-tract disinfectants, sulphonamides or penicillins being used in 95 per cent of those treated for UTI. The overall prevalence of urinary-tract drainage was 11.0 per cent with no significant difference between the two sexes. At ward level the rate of catheterized patients varied from below 5 per cent to more than 25 per cent, indicating--besides variations in the ward populations--differences in policies. The association between nosocomial UTI and the presence of an indwelling catheter and/or female sex was confirmed, while high age appeared to be a secondary risk factor among catheterized patients. The prevalence of nosocomial bacteraemia in patients with UTI was five times higher than in those without urinary-tract involvement, and a significant part of the nosocomial cases of both UTI and bacteraemia was clearly device-related. Guidelines for the use of indwelling catheters should be restrictive and provide for prompt removal. When introduced and followed they will effectively reduce nosocomial UTI and bacteraemia.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

[Radio-immuno-assay for trypsin in newborn-screening for cystic fibrosis].

In 4,956 infants the concentration of immunoreactive trypsin was measured in dried blood on filter paper using a double antibody radio immuno assay. About 90% of all results were below 40 ng/ml. In 13 infants the concentration of immunoreactive trypsin exceeded 80 ng/ml. These infants were examined clinically, including sweat iontophoresis. We found three children suffering from cystic fibrosis. One further child showing an elevated concentration of chloride in the sweat (60 mval/ml) could not be reexamined. The concentration of immunoreactive trypsin in the cystic fibrosis children was 230, 297, and in one case 108 ng/ml at the 76th day of life, whereas the values for the 9 other children were between 80 and 154 ng/ml. We believe these results justify to use this test for a much higher number of infants, especially because it is inexpensive and can easily be added to existing newborn screening programs for inborn errors of metabolism.

Cystic Fibrosis↗
PubMed1981

[Haemagglutination-inhibition test and haemolysis-in-gel test in the determination of rubella antibodies in dry blood on filter paper (author's transl)].

Results obtained with a haemagglutination-inhibition test on dry-blood extracts gave results in 715 female school children which almost completely agreed with those obtained on serum of the same persons. On the other hand, when the specific antibody concentration was low, the haemolysis-in-gel test with dry-blood extracts gave 1% false-negative results and other results which were difficult to interpret.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

The treatment of urinary tract infections in out-patients A double-blind comparison between trimethoprim and nitrofurantoin.

The rate of side-effects should today be more important for the choice of an agent for treatment of acute urinary tract infections than the cure rate, as this usually is above 90%. The side effects with co-trimoxazole (trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazol) have been viewed as caused mainly by the sulphonamide component. In this randomized, double-blind trial Group A has been treated with trimethoprim 200 mg x 2 and Group B with nitrofurantoin 50 mg x 4 for a duration of 10 days. There was no difference in cure rate between the two groups. The rate of side-effects was 26% in Group A and 12% in Group B. In Group A 12% had skin eruptions, mostly appearing on Day 7 or later, in Group B 1.3% had eruptions. These differences are statistically significant (p less than 0.05). This result, together with a survey of the literature, indicates that the frequency of these rashes might be related both to dosage and duration of treatment. The origin of the side-effects caused by co-trimoxazole should be reconsidered. The in vitro sensitivity against trimethoprim and nitrofurantoin was tested using a disc diffusion method in 98 infecting strains from patients in this study. Two per cent were resistant against trimethoprim and 81% against nitrofurantoin. We found no correlation between the size of the inhibition zone and bacteriological cure rate. This makes the value of the disc diffusion method in out-patients with acute urinary tract infections questionable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Screening for syphilis: resulted of a study of 25 000 neonates in Lower Saxony (author's transl)].

The Treponema pallidum haemagglutination test (TPHA) was used to demonstrate syphilis antibodies in filter paper-dried whole blood from 25 000 neonates in Lower Saxony. Syphilis antibodies were demonstrated in the blood of 48 children, these positive results being confirmed by further tests. There were 12 recent syphilis infections. It is recommended that determination of syphilis antibodies by the TPHA test be added routine to the tests for congenital metabolic disorders. The large number of positive findings, the almost negligible additional work, as well as the information value for epidemiological studies on syphilitic infections, support this suggestion.

Germany, West↗
PubMed1980

[Rubella screening using the haemolysis-in-gel test from dried newborn blood on filter paper (author's transl)].

Dried whole blood of newborn infants on filter paper which is generally used for screening investigations for inborn errors of metabolism has been found suitable in a pilot study for demonstration of rubella antibodies. Investigation of 2522 newborn blood samples using the haemolysis-in-gel test showed lack of rubella specific antibodies of the IgG type in 236 cases. This indicates that 9.3% of mothers had no immunity against rubella. Inclusion of the test into existing newborn screening programmes would permit selective immunisations in the lying in period, discovery of rubella infections within the first months of pregnancy, and permit epidemiological studies. Financial and organisational requirements would be minimal. A considerable improvement in current rubella prophylaxis could thus be achieved.

Female↗
PubMed1980

[Congenital hypothyroidism: results of screening 30 000 neonates in lower saxony (author's transl)].

While screening 30 000 children for congenital hypothyroidism by radioimmunological determination of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in blood spotted on filter paper on the 5th day of life, 12 neonates were found with this condition. In addition 99 infants were found who showed temporarily elevated TSH levels (20-80 microU/ml). Seven of the transitory cases could be traced to a vaginal application of povidone-iodine in the mother. Alimentary iodine deficiency, which is known to exist in parts of Lower Saxony, may be another explanation for some of the others.

Congenital Hypothyroidism↗