Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to J S Thompson.
Colistin-oxolinic acid medium is proposed as a selective isolation medium for Gardnerella vaginalis. The medium is effective in inhibiting staphylococci and gram-negative bacteria while allowing growth of G. vaginalis.
A method for rapid screening of isolates of pathogenic members of the family Enterobacteriaceae is described. Flow charts are used in conjunction with triple sugar iron agar, o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside-phenylalanine-motility sulfate screening media, oxidase test, and six rapid biochemical tests, namely, lysine decarboxylase, urease, indole, esculin hydrolysis, malonate, and xylose. This scheme is used to provide an inexpensive but rapid presumptive identification of Salmonella, Shigella, Edwardsiella, Aeromonas, Plesiomonas, Vibrio, and Yersinia isolates from stool cultures.
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It is commonly stated that needle catheter jejunostomy (NCJ) is associated with fewer complications than standard tube jejunostomy (STJ). We compared the morbidity of NCJ versus STJ performed as adjunctive procedures in 90 patients from 1977 to 1983. NCJ was performed in 55 patients and STJ in 35 patients. The two groups were similar with respect to age, sex, diagnosis, and operation performed. The overall postoperative morbidity was 35 per cent for the NCJ group and 62 per cent for the STJ group. Mortality was 19 per cent and 35 per cent, respectively. Minor complications related to the jejunostomy occurred in 16 per cent of the NCJ group and 9 per cent of the STJ group. Diarrhea and abdominal distention occurred with equal frequency in the two groups. One NCJ patient required reoperation for intestinal obstruction at the catheter exit site, and one STJ patient required operative closure of a fistula following tube removal for major complications rates of 1.8 per cent and 2.8 per cent, respectively. The statement that STJ is associated with more jejunostomy-related complications than NCJ is not substantiated by this study. Because of greater ease of insertion, NCJ remains our procedure of choice for adjunctive feeding jejunostomy.
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A patient who developed a fistula secondary to Marlex mesh in the nipple valve of a continent ileostomy is reported. Etiology and management of fistula following continent ileostomy are discussed. Fistula formation should be recognized as a potential hazard of the use of prosthetic material to stabilize the nipple valve of a continent ileostomy.
Incidental cholelithiasis was encountered at the time of celiotomy in 56 patients. Thirty-three of the patients underwent concomitant cholecystectomy. The overall morbidity and mortality were 27 and 3 percent, respectively, but only one complication (3 percent) was clearly related to the cholecystectomy. Cholecystectomy was not performed in 23 patients. Within 6 months of primary celiotomy, acute cholecystitis developed in 11 patients, 3 had attacks of biliary colic, and 2 became jaundiced. Fifteen patients (65 percent) underwent cholecystectomy and 6 of the 15 (40 percent) required common bile duct exploration. Concomitant cholecystectomy adds minimal morbidity to the operation and should be performed unless specific contraindications exist. Left untreated, cholelithiasis becomes symptomatic and leads to subsequent operation in most patients, which may require a more extensive procedure producing greater morbidity.
Small bowel neomucosa has been grown on a variety of surfaces. The purpose of this study was to compare the rate of growth and function of neomucosa on colon serosa (CS) and abdominal wall muscle (AM) in New Zealand white rabbits. The terminal ileum was incised for 5 cm and patched with either adjacent CS (23 animals) or AM (19 animals) to create a 2 X 5-cm defect. Gross and histologic examinations of the specimens at 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks revealed that the rate of growth was similar in both groups. There was minimal lateral ingrowth at 2 weeks, nearly complete coverage of the defects at 4 weeks, and complete coverage of the defect at 8 weeks in more than 85% of animals with mature villi and muscularis mucosae. The ileal diameter at the site of patching increased in both groups from 11.9 +/- 2.6 to 16.3 +/- 3.2 mm in the CS group and 11.3 +/- 2.5 to 15.1 +/- 1.8 mm in the AM group (P less than 0.01). Glucose uptake was similar in both groups being 65.4 +/- 24.1% of control in the CS group and 73.9 +/- 29.8% in the AM group. Brush border enzyme activity of sucrase, maltase, and lactase was similar to controls in the AM group but in the CS group activity of sucrase and maltase were significantly less than controls (P less than 0.01). Average body weight was increased postoperatively in both groups. There was one anastomotic leak in each group and two cases of partial intestinal obstruction in the abdominal wall group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Seventy-five patients with oral/oropharyngeal carcinoma were studied to assess the relationship between serum zinc and copper levels, radiation-induced taste loss, and tumor status. There were no significant differences between pretreatment and posttreatment serum mineral levels in cancer patients and in 21 healthy persons who served as controls. Of 30 patients who did not experience spontaneous postradiation taste recovery and were supplemented with zinc sulfate daily for at least 1 month, 11 reported improvement in taste. Serum zinc levels rose markedly in the patients with taste improvement.
The LD50 (7 d) for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in CD-1 neonate mice (3.1 g; 5 d of age) was determined to be 13.3 mg/kg. The vehicle was dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), given intraperitoneally, at 0.01 ml/animal (7 mg/kg). The solvent was nontoxic and caused no significant change in body weight in animals during an 11-d experimental period (17 d of age). Aflatoxin B1 at 5.0 mg/kg and above caused reduced body weight gain. DMSO animals had a mean loss of more than 17% of the radiolabel over a 9-d period. Aflatoxin treatments reversed the DMSO loss of 54Mn in a concentration-related fashion, and generally, AFB1 caused a conservation of the radioisotope. The radiolabel was redistributed into the following organs/tissues: liver greater than brain greater than bone greater than muscle = lungs greater than blood. Aflatoxin-treated animals showed a twofold increase of radiolabel in the liver as compared to controls. The DMSO itself failed to influence 54Mn influx into the liver. In general, control neonate mice, by 17 d of age, were retaining and redistributing the 54MnCl2 and had not reached the time for sudden emergence of excretion common in rodents. DMSO was found not to be the most satisfactory solvent to use in the administration of aflatoxins, especially when manganese metabolism is being studied. Generally, both DMSO and AFB1 influenced radiomanganese distribution, DMSO having a substantial influence.
The immune status of 17 healthy individuals 100-103 years of age (centenarians) was investigated. Qualitative values for immunoglobulins IgG, IgM, IgA, and IgE were within normal ranges for subjects more than 60 years of age with the exception of elevated IgM in one individual. Cell marker studies employing a panel of 27 monoclonal antibodies delineating T and B lymphocytes, monocytes, natural killer cells, granulocytes, and functional and developmental subsets of each were performed to phenotype the peripheral blood leukocytes. Although the total lymphocyte count was normal in every subject, the numbers of T4-positive helper-inducer T lymphocytes were profoundly depressed, as were responses to the mitogen phytohemagglutinin and interleukin-2 production. Activated immature T lymphocytes and the number of cells bearing the phenotype of natural killer cells were increased, but natural killer cell activity was normal. Early B lymphocytes were also increased. The relative concentration of monocytes was normal. Taken together these findings indicate that the immune system in centenarians is similar to that in younger but still elderly individuals, i.e., discriminating T-lymphoid functions are reduced in association with an apparent failure of some T, B, and natural killer cells to differentiate to functional maturity.
A single-tube, multiple-test medium for the screening of Enterobacteriaceae in enteric and other clinical specimens is described. This medium allows the detection of motility, beta-galactosidase and phenylalanine deaminase activities, and H(2)S and indole production.
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A technique for temporary occlusion of the splenic artery during construction of the distal splenorenal shunt is described. This maneuver is proposed to reduce intraoperative blood loss associated with mobilization of the splenic vein in the cirrhotic patient.
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