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Biomedical subjects

J Richard

Publications and source records attributed to J Richard.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Simultaneous determination of oxprenolol and 2H6-labelled oxprenolol in human plasma by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.

A gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric method for the specific determination of oxprenolol and 2H6-labelled oxprenolol when both are present in the same sample is described. After addition of 13C3-labelled oxprenolol as internal standard, plasma is alkalized and extracted by a mixture of dichloromethane and diethyl ether. The residue following evaporation of the organic phase is derivatized with heptafluorobutyric anhydride. Negative ion detection with N2O as reagent gas is used for the measurements at m/z 488, 491 and 494 for oxprenolol, the 13C3-labelled internal standard and 2H6-labelled oxprenolol, respectively. The precision and accuracy of the analytical method were investigated using samples containing both unlabelled and 2H6-labelled oxprenolol. The overall mean recovery (% +/- SD, n = 70) in the concentration range 20-1500 nmol l-1 (around 6-450 ng ml-1 of the hydrochloride salts) was 100.6 +/- 3.3 and 101.0 +/- 3.5 for oxprenolol and 2H6-labelled oxprenolol, respectively. The limit of quantification was around 20 nmol l-1 for both compounds.

Carbon Isotopes↗
PubMed1985

Osmotically controlled-delivery of metoprolol in man: in vivo performance of Oros systems with different durations of drug release.

In vivo absorption from 19/190 and 19/285 metoprolol Oros drug delivery systems has been assessed by measuring plasma drug concentrations after single administration of the systems to six healthy volunteers. The initial in vitro release rate for both Oros preparations was 19 mg/h but they contained 190 or 285 mg of metoprolol fumarate. The plasma concentration-time profiles for both Oros dosage forms were consistent with an extended duration of release and absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. Analysis of the plasma level data indicated that the rate and duration of in vivo absorption closely mirrored the in vitro release behaviour of the 19/190 and 19/285 systems, but the in vivo profiles showed a 1-2 h initial delay. The administration of the 19/190 system on two occasions to the same six volunteers indicated that in vivo release of drug from this Oros preparation was reproducible.

Delayed-Action Preparations↗
PubMed1985

[Procedures of therapeutic action in geriatric psychiatry (apropos of dementia states)].

In order to exist, geriatric psychiatry must have its roots in action to help the patients, the family and the caring staff. This approach to psychiatry must be directed both at the present situation of the patient and at the future of the disease. However, in order to act, one must introduce a meaning and a direction which become determined through action. In this context, the symptomatological approach is often hindered by a tendency to over-simplification and reductionism due to terminological flaws and to the inadequacy of its underlying rigid concepts. Such an approach is hindered also by the very nature of a type of medical practice, which establishes the observation of behaviours before making a therapeutic decision and starting treatment. Thus we can contrast two therapeutic procedures in relation to the dementias. On the one hand, a classical view which procedes from diagnosis to treatment. Its aim is to develop precise etiological and physiopathogenic references. Its objective is to eradicate disease and obtain a cure. On the other hand, another--contemporary and complementary--approach begins at the point of the patient's difficulties. These difficulties define the therapeutic aims, and from these, the appropriate symptomatology can be selected. This approach puts an emphasis on care and rehabilitation. It constantly throws back upon us the need to think about the quality of our work and allows us to avoid a clumsy use of the available resources. It provides the basis for the development of new alternative knowledge and introduces a new spirit into medicine from which demented patients will surely benefit.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

[Radiotherapy of carcinoma of the nasopharynx in children after previous chemotherapy. Preliminary results on 21 cases treated at the Institut Gustave-Roussy between 1978 and 1981].

Between 1978 and 1981, 21 children were treated at IGR for a poorly differentiated carcinoma of the nasopharynx. In hopes of diminishing the radiation doses and the incidence of metastases, the treatment began by either single agent or combination chemotherapy. The total dose of irradiation could be reduced to 50 Gy in 17 patients. The short term results are available for 18 cases. There were 2 isolated local recurrences, 2 isolated nodal recurrences and 1 combined local and nodal recurrence. In march 1983 the overall results revealed the following: of 21 patients initially treated, 10 are alive without local-regional recurrence (but 1 with metastases); 2 are dead metastases; 9 are lost to follow up with metastases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Psychology and social ecology of the aged (or the dynamics of gerontologic action)].

Increasingly, gerontologists are recognizing the need to counteract the detrimental effects which prevalent attitudes toward age have on programs for the elderly. A familiar example is the widespread but misguided view that old age is a medical condition best treated as a terminal illness. Challenging such noxious misconceptions, the authors point out that old age--by the same token as infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood and mid-life--is a natural phase in human development, with its own strengths and weaknesses, wisdom and shortcomings, joys and sorrows, problems and solutions and, above all, its own rightful place in the natural scheme of things. Remarking that the accumulation of knowledge alone does little or nothing to improve the quality of life, they launch an appeal for redoubled efforts to find practical measures to help the elderly adjust to their particular phase of development. They suggest that such efforts would be greatly facilitated by having the elderly participate actively in the development of their own programs, particularly if their participation encompasses concepts which can infuse meaning into life as a whole.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

The pattern of medical renal disease in children in a south Indian hospital.

A retrospective study of children admitted to a south Indian hospital during an 11 year period showed that 70% of the renal diseases encountered in children in this region are of types which have a good prognosis. Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis was the most common. The relative prevalence of steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome and different histological types of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome was similar to that in developed Western countries. Haemolytic-uraemic syndrome complicating bacillary dysentery was the most common cause of acute renal failure.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1984

Ultrastructure of Prototheca zopfii in bovine granulomatous mastitis.

Mammary glands from cows with protothecal mastitis were examined by light and electron microscopy at 6, 13, 20, and greater than 180 days after infection. With increasing time, there were increases in severity of granulomatous inflammation, number of endospores and sporangia, and ratio of degenerate to intact algae. Algae were found in macrophages but were not seen in neutrophils, epithelial cells, or myoepithelial cells. Macrophages containing algae were markedly enlarged, chiefly from reduplication of the Golgi complex and its associated vesicles. Intracellular algae were degenerate and consisted of intact cell wall profiles which contained membrane fragments but lacked nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles. Degenerate algae in vitro had thin cell walls and did not undergo internal lysis. Cell wall material of intracellular algae stained as an acidic, nonsulfated, carboxylated glycoprotein. These findings suggest that intracellular Prototheca zopfii degenerate by progressive lysis of internal organelles with persistence of cell wall glycans and that development of aberrant cell wall forms occurs as a defective response by host macrophages.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Myocutaneous flaps in cervicofacial oncology. Results apropos of 87 patients].

Results are reported of the use of 93 musculocutaneous flaps, distinction being drawn between those used for secondary reconstruction and those employed during surgical excision. Secondary flaps were used to close 19 pharyngostomies, 10 orostomies, and 2 necrotic skin lesions, and for reconstruction of a circular pharyngectomy. Large radiation doses had been given in 29 of these 32 patients. Treatment was a total failure in 3 cases, and was partially ineffective in 5 patients, with the need for alternative surgery. Flaps obtained during initial surgery (57 cases) included 33 patients treated by radiation. Partial healing was obtained in 5 cases but the treatment was unsuccessful in 4 cases: all on previously radiated tissue. Unfavourable factors are mainly previous radiation and the hypopharyngeal site of loss of substance. Indications for the different types of flap are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Adjusted versus fixed-dose subcutaneous heparin in the prevention of deep-vein thrombosis after total hip replacement.

Venous thromboembolism after total hip replacement continues to be a serious problem. We conducted a study to determine whether adjustment of the dose of subcutaneous heparin to yield partial thromboplastin times in the high-normal range results in a greater reduction of postoperative deep-vein thrombosis than fixed doses of heparin. Seventy-nine patients undergoing elective hip arthroplasty were randomly divided into two groups two days before surgery. Group 1 (41 patients) received a fixed dose of 3500 IU of heparin subcutaneously ever eight hours; 16 of the 41 (39 per cent) had deep-vein thrombosis diagnosed by venography. Group 2 (38 patients) was started on the same dose, which was then adjusted to keep the activated partial thromboplastin time between 31.5 and 36 seconds. From the day of operation to the eighth postoperative day these patients needed progressively more heparin to maintain the activated partial thromboplastin time in the prescribed range. Only 5 of the 38 (13 per cent) had deep-vein thrombosis (P less than 0.01), and the number of thrombi in proximal veins was also lower in this group (P = 0.003). The number of units of blood transfused, the frequency of postoperative wound hematomas, and the drop in hemoglobin levels were identical in the two groups. Adjusted low-dose heparin prophylaxis appears to be a safe and efficacious method to reduce the frequency of deep-vein thrombosis in patients undergoing total hip replacement.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Rapid method for selecting appropriate solid media for the enumeration of aerobic micro-organisms.

A quick and cheap method for selecting appropriate solid culture media has been devised. It consists in the rapid picking of fragments of test colonies with the aid of a rubber strip in which pins are fixed in parallel, dispensing up to 8 colonies simultaneously in the wells of a Microtiter plate and streaking 4 strains at the same time on square Petri dishes containing the media under comparison. The approximate diameters of well-isolated colonies are measured with the aid of a series of calibrated spots. The results corresponded with those given by the spiral plate method used as a reference for colony count and diameter measure.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1983

Putative peptide neurotransmitters in human neuropathology: a review of topography and clinical implications.

In Huntington's disease, there is a decrease of the neuropeptides, substance P, enkephalins, and cholecystokinin in the striatonigral system, whereas in Parkinson's disease an increase of substance P is found in the substantia nigra. Several neuropeptides should be involved in Alzheimer's disease: substance P, endorphins, vasopressin, ACTH, somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, cholecystokinin, neurotensin, delta sleep-inducing peptide. Alterations of substance P, vasoactive intestinal peptide, cholecystokinin, somatostatin, and endorphins may be related to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Delta sleep-inducing peptide may interfere in addiction pathology.

Alzheimer Disease↗