[Percutaneous aortic valvuloplasty in senile calcified aortic stenosis in 15 patients. Immediate results and 12-month follow-up].
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Aged↗
Biomedical subjects
J Richard
Publications and source records attributed to J Richard.
Cataract surgery on leprosy patients.
All patients who had cataract surgery at the Schieffelin Leprosy Research and Training Centre, Karigiri, India, between January 1979 and April 1985 were studied to find out the outcome of that surgery. These patients included 291 leprosy cases and 89 nonleprosy cases. Postoperative complications were slightly higher among leprosy patients compared to the nonleprosy cases. Visual recovery was marred by preoperative corneal opacities in some of the leprosy patients. Eyes with chronic insidious type of iridocyclitis did not produce any devastating results postoperatively. Patients whose skin smears were still positive for leprosy bacilli did not show any major complication. All leprosy patients should be offered the benefit of cataract surgery for restoring sight because blindness in leprosy would mean a double handicap if they are already suffering from insensitive, deformed hands and feet.
Adult↗
Nonlinear magnetoresistance and charge-density-wave depinning at liquid-helium temperatures in NbSe3.
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Journal Article↗
Differential effects of selective lesions of cholinergic and dopaminergic neurons on serotonin-type 1 receptors in rat brain.
Serotonin (5-HT)-type1 (abbreviated as a subscript 1) receptor binding sites are discretely distributed in rat brain. High densities of [3H]5-HT1 binding sites are especially located in areas enriched with cholinergic and dopaminergic innervation, such as the substantia innominata/ventral pallidum, striatum, septal nuclei, hippocampus and substantia nigra. The possible association of [3H]5-HT1 binding sites with cholinergic or dopaminergic cell bodies and/or nerve fiber terminals was investigated by selective lesions of the substantia innominata/ventral pallidum-cortical and septohippocampal cholinergic pathways and the nigrostriatal dopaminergic projection. [3H]5-HT1 receptor binding sites are possibly located on cholinergic cell bodies in the ventral pallidum-cortical pathway since [3H]5-HT1 binding in the substantia innominata/ventral pallidal area was markedly decreased following kainic acid lesions. Fimbriaectomies markedly decreased [3H]5-HT1 binding in the hippocampus, suggesting the presence of 5-HT1 binding sites on cholinergic nerve fiber terminals in the septohippocampal pathway. Lesions of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic projection did not modify [3H]5-HT1 binding in the substantia nigra and the striatum, suggesting that 5-HT1 receptors are not closely associated with dopaminergic cell bodies and nerve terminals in this pathway. These results demonstrate differential association between 5-HT1 receptors and cholinergic and dopaminergic innervation in rat brain.
Acetylcholine↗
A genetic comparison between natural and laboratory strains of Echinostoma (Trematoda) by isoenzymatic analysis.
A comparative isoenzyme study between a natural population of Echinostoma caproni and 2 strains of E. caproni and E. togoensis, maintained for a long time in the laboratory led to the following conclusions. (1) The natural E. caproni population showed polymorphism of associated PGM and GPI genotypes. Some zymograms were identical to those of experimental strains. Allelic frequencies show that the natural population is panmictic according to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. (2) The laboratory strains were monomorphic, and interbreeding produced double-heterozygous F1 progeny, identical to those of the natural population.
Animals↗
[Semeiologic value and pathogenic significance of stereotyped behavior in Alzheimer's disease].
Recent research on the signs and symptoms of Alzheimer's disease suggests that the nature and clinical significance of stereotyped behavior should be considered in a new light. This research also appears to indicate a new and possibly more promising approach for the study of the pathogenesis of stereotyped behavior.
Aged↗
Renal disease in adult Indians: a clinicopathological study of 2,827 patients.
Nephrotic syndrome was the commonest clinical presentation among 2827 consecutive adult Indian patients from whom adequate kidney biopsies were obtained for suspected renal disease. In 83 per cent of cases the nephrotic syndrome was due to minimal change disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis, membranous usually secondary to tuberculosis or leprosy, was present in only 34 patients. Acute nephritis, the next most frequent clinical presentation, was due to diffuse endocapillary proliferative, crescentic or mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis in 88 per cent of cases, almost half of whom had elevated serum streptococcal antibody titres. Eosinophilia showed a highly significant association with diffuse endocapillary proliferative and mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis. Idiopathic IgA nephropathy was present in only 10, and antiglomerular basement membrane antibody disease in only one, of the 238 patients whose biopsies were studied by immunofluorescence. Complications of pregnancy accounted for 70 per cent of cases of cortical necrosis. Acute gastroenteritis, septicaemia, abortions, snake bite and allopathic and indigenous medicines were important causes of acute tubular necrosis.
Adolescent↗
[On medical responsibility in geriatric psychiatry].
In recent years, three new disciplines have progressively emerged, namely geriatric psychiatry, psycho-geriatrics and psycho-gerontology. At this time, problems of responsibility in geriatric psychiatry have tended to make physicians hesitate between two extremes: one the one hand, a refusal to take seriously the care of the elderly mentally ill, and on the other hand, a tendency towards activism and a medical ideology characterized by globalization and reductionism. It must be said, in the physician's favour, that, not only had he to learn to free himself from the ideological strangle-hold of a pseudo-scientific line of thought, but also he was having to cope with the reemergence of his own existential preoccupations as a result of his own contact with the elderly patient. It is in this difficult endeavour that a number of situations are described and discussed; these situations are of interest to psychiatry in general from the point of view of medical responsibility. Some of these are to do with the use the physician makes of concepts he has created and diffused without controlling their implementation. Others cast doubt on care management. Finally, others enable us to question more effectively the current drift in thinking amongst professionals and consumers.
Aged↗
[Cancer of the valleculal and laryngeal vestibule treated by supraglottic horizontal laryngectomy. Apropos of 173 surgically treated cases at the Institut Gustave-Roussy].
The authors make a report on a series of 173 supraglottal horizontal laryngectomies carried out from 1970 to 1984 at the Gustave-Roussy Institute of Villejuif. After recalling of operability conditions and tackling characteristics of this series are quoted variants required from tumours localisations diversity and importance of extension. Then are treated clinical and anatomo-pathological classification as briefly surgeries results. This work is specially concerning in survival by analysing different topographical clinical and histological criteria. Survival of 173 patients, having gone through an supra-glottal laryngectomy is 45.5% at 3 years and 31.3% at 5 years. At least, reasons of failure are analysed. This kind of partial surgery caring of voice, should be proposed to patients affected by vallecula or epiglottis carcinomas as regards of good functional and improved carcinological results.
Adult↗
[Chemicotaxonomic study of the genus Echinostoma: comparison of a strain isolated in the Cameroon (E. sp.) and 2 African species (E. caproni and E. togoensis)].
A comparative enzymatic study is carried out on adults of three species of the genus Echinostoma (E. caproni, E. togoensis, E. sp.). Amongst 23 enzymes tested by starch gel electrophoresis, Pgm and Pgi are characterised by different zymogrammes in each species. Agarose and polyacrylamide isoelectrophoresis focusing define isoenzyme genetic structures: Pgm is coded by three loci, Pgi is coded by one locus. Pgm polymorphism allows us to extend this work to other experimental or natural stocks.
Africa↗
Chicken thymocyte-specific antigens identified by monoclonal antibodies: characterization and distribution in normal tissues and in tumoral tissues from Marek's disease chicken.
Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were obtained against purified thymocyte membrane extracts. Five MAbs TA3, TB1, TB6 (IgG1), TC4, and TA1 (IgG2a), were tested by immunofluorescence and by immunoperoxidase tests against normal cells from different organs, Marek's disease (MD) cell lines, and MD tumoral cells from chickens. Three of them, TA3, TB1, and TB6, reacted exclusively with lymphoid cells in both cortical and medullary areas of the thymus and with less than 8% bursa cells. They identified a protein of apparently 40 kD. The other two revealed antigenic determinants on most medullar thymocytes and some cortical thymocytes, and on some splenic and peripheral blood lymphocytes. They were positive with MD cell lines and cells deriving from MD tumors. TC4 and TA1 detected molecular masses of about 110 kD and 16 kD, respectively. No MAbs reacted with erythrocytes, bone marrow, liver, brain, and skin cells. Not all of the tested cells were stained after contact with an anti-chicken immunoglobulin serum. In this paper, we determine a specific antigen restricted to T cells from thymus and different markers belonging to the mature T cells. The latter are also present on MD cell lines and MD tumoral cells.
Animals↗
Semi-log model for interpreting the results of swabbing surfaces naturally contaminated.
Two mathematical models for depicting microbial depletions during six consecutive swabbings of refrigerated tank wall and teat skin were tested. Although a second degree polynomial equation gave a better adjustment of the data, a first degree equation was preferred to calculate the total numbers of micro-organisms possibly retrieved from surfaces by swabbing. This model was used for estimating the level of milk contamination by teat skin.
Animals↗
Immunological and non-immunological release of leukotrienes and histamine from human nasal polyps.
Nasal polyps were obtained from 22 patients undergoing polyp surgery. They were chopped into fragments of approximately 2 mm2, washed free of blood, and passively sensitized with serum from timothy allergen sensitive patients (RAST 30-40%), then, challenged with timothy allergen. Analysis of the incubation medium after a 30 min challenge as assessed by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography and bioassay revealed the presence of leukotriene (LT) LTB4, LTC4, LTD4 and LTE4 (29 +/- 9, 6.6 +/- 3, 62 +/- 13 & 86 +/- 23 pmol/g tissue wet weight, respectively). The human nasal polyps also released histamine which reached a maximum after approximately 5 min (2.8 +/- 1.28 nmol/g tissue), as measured by radioenzymatic assay. A similar profile of leukotrienes and histamine release was observed when the nasal polyps were stimulated with ionophore A23187. However, the ionophore stimulated release was greater than that observed for the antigen challenge. When human polyps were stimulated with a mixture of the ionophore and arachidonic acid, all the above products as well as 5-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE), 12-HETE, and 15-HETE were detected in the medium. These data, taken together, demonstrate that human nasal polyps are able to release significant amounts of leukotrienes and histamine upon both immunological and non-immunological stimulations and that these responses might significantly contribute to the symptoms of allergic rhinitis.
Allergens↗
Synovial sarcoma of the head and neck: an account of four cases and review of the literature.
Four cases of Malignant Synovioma of the head and neck are reported. It is a rare tumour with only 76 published cases in the world literature. Study of these 76 cases allows identification of the clinical features of this tumour and also highlights the problems of histological diagnosis. The study shows that the most effective treatment is radical primary surgery in association with post-operative radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
Adolescent↗
Infant feeding in urban south Indian families.
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Breast Feeding↗
The pattern of subcutaneous fat distribution in middle-aged men and the risk of coronary heart disease: the Paris Prospective Study.
The relationship of subcutaneous fat repartition in a population of 6718 men aged 42-53 employed by the city of Paris with the incidence of coronary heart disease has been studied in the Paris Prospective Study after a follow-up duration of 6.6 years. Fat distribution was described from the measurement of 13 skinfold thicknesses (five on the trunk, four at the triceps level, four at mid-thigh). Principal component analysis of the data disclosed two independent factors which explained most of the total variance of the log measurements: the first one (F1) might be interpreted as a general index of adiposity, the second one (F2) opposed the skinfolds on the trunk to those on the thigh. When men who developed coronary heart disease (CHD) were compared to those who remained free of it, both F1 and F2 differed significantly between the two groups. The combination of F1 and F2 which was the best predictor of CHD in this population (G1) might be interpreted as reflecting trunk adiposity mainly abdominal. Subsequent analysis showed that the combination of F1 and F2 which was statistically independent of G1 (G2) was nearly as correlated with body mass index (BMI) as was G1 (0.49 and 0.59 respectively) but G2 was not a significant predictor of angina pectoris nor myocardial infarction. Moreover mean G2 did not differ between treated diabetics and non-diabetics at entry in the study whereas mean G1 was significantly increased in the former group. Linear correlation coefficients of G2 with systolic blood pressure total cholesterol and triglycerides measured at entry were low (0.08, 0.08, and 0.15 respectively) in comparison with those obtained with G1 (0.26, 0.24 and 0.35 respectively). It is concluded that trunk fat deposit as defined by the G1 index represents the pattern of subcutaneous fat repartition the most tightly associated with CHD complications and their main risk factors in this population of middle-aged men and that it remains a significant CHD predictor after controlling for these factors.
Adipose Tissue↗
Human T lymphocyte clones specific for malaria (Plasmodium falciparum) antigens.
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) from a patient who had lived in a malarial-endemic area were cultured in the presence of malarial antigens (a lysate of Plasmodium-infected erythrocytes). Responding cells were grown in IL-2-containing medium and then cloned, and subsequently subcloned, in the presence of phytohemagglutinin and allogeneic irradiated PBM. Ten clones were specific for malarial antigens. They proliferated in response to P. falciparum extract, but not to a lysate of uninfected erythrocytes. The response was HLA-restricted. All the clones tested responded to lysates of cells infected with parasites of either African or Asian origin. Six clones had the T4+/T8- phenotype and four the T4-/T8+ phenotype. Two of the T4+ clones recognised a parasite antigen of apparent mol. wt. approximately 50 000. All of the clones tested produced gamma-interferon following antigen stimulation.
Animals↗
Evidence for the existence of serotonin type-2 receptors on cholinergic terminals in rat cortex.
Levels of serotonin type-2 receptors and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) were measured in various rat brain regions following unilateral lesions of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (nBM). As expected, lesions of the nBM markedly decrease cortical ChAT activity. Moreover, [3H]ketanserin (serotonin type-2) binding is significantly decreased in lamina IV of the anterior and middle cortex on the lesioned vs control side. [3H]ketanserin binding in the striatum is not affected by lesions of the nBM. Autoradiograms of [3H]ketanserin binding in lesioned animals show similar results. This suggests that at least a certain proportion of serotonin type-2 receptor binding sites are located on cholinergic terminals in lamina IV of the rat cortex. Therefore, further investigations on cholinergic-serotonergic interactions in the cortex and their possible involvement in senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type appear to be highly relevant.
Alzheimer Disease↗