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Biomedical subjects

J Richard

Publications and source records attributed to J Richard.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[Psychomotor activity and diagnosis in geriatric psychiatry].

The question of the relationship between motor behaviour and psychopathology has been of concern to clinicians for many years. This question appears in the history of diseases as different from each other as general paralysis, hysteria, schizophrenia and mental retardation. The questions raised were the source of the development of a symptomatology of motor behaviours--the domain of which is not muscular potential or praxic abilities (action capacities) as much as their actual use in observed action (action "realization"). This symptomatology implies an interpersonal dimension, which translates itself into bodily postures, gestures, changes of position, movements from one place to another and the manner in which the patient accomplishes actions. An analysis of their organization and their diachronic unfolding enables one to grasp and understand more effectively certain psychic states, and to act on them. This clinical approach leads to greater specificity in the area of geriatric psychiatry. Here, diagnosis is not an entity which encompasses the totality of the symptoms which identify a disease, but as knowledge necessary to engage in a therapeutic program. Such an approach takes into account the disease, the patient and his environment, and thereby validates an original approach to the study of motor behaviours in geriatric psychiatry.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Sequential chemotherapy of advanced colorectal cancer with standard or high-dose methotrexate followed by 5-fluorouracil.

Thirty patients with advanced measurable colorectal cancer were randomized to receive either methotrexate (MTX) 200 mg/m2 or 40 mg/m2, followed in four hours by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) 600 mg/m2. Patients receiving the higher dose MTX were given leucovorin rescue 24 hours later. Eight of 13 patients treated with 200 mg/m2 MTX + 5-FU developed severe hematologic toxicity, leading to two toxic deaths. In addition, 9/13 developed mild azotemia, and three patients had severe gastrointestinal toxicity. No patients with prior chemotherapy responded to either regimen. Among those without prior chemotherapy, there were two of six and three of eight partial responses, respectively, in the 200 mg/m2 and 40 mg/m2 MTX regimens. Sequential 200 mg/m2 MTX followed by 5-FU after four hours has unacceptable toxicity. Sequential treatment with standard dose MTX + 5-FU is tolerable and merits further study.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

GABAergic regulation of the substantia innominata-cortical cholinergic pathway.

Neurochemical and immunohistocytochemical studies have demonstrated a nucleus accumbens-substantia innominata GABAergic pathway. The present authors' data with muscimol given parenterally, as well as local injections into the substantia innominata, further support an inhibitory function for this pathway in the regulation of the substantia innominata-cortical cholinergic projection.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1982

[Distribution of argentophilic structures in two strigeid cercariae, Cotylurus brevis Dubois et Rausch, 1950 and Apatemon (A.) minor Yamaguti, 1933].

Two furcocercariae respectively Colylurus brevis Dubois et Rausch, 1950 from Segmentina nitida and Apatemon (A.) minor Yamaguti, 1933 from Gyraulus acronicus were studied and identified morphologically. Ciliary papillae distribution was studied after staining with silver nitrate solution and compared with that of cercariae known in the same genus. Colylurus brevis was compared to Cotylurus lutzi Basch, 1969 and Cotylurus sp. Kruger, 1978. Apatemon (A.) minor was compared to Apatemon sp. Kruger, 1978, Apatemon graciliformis Szidat, 1928, and Cercaria 1 Richard, 1971. Cercariae of the genus Cotylurus and Apatemon were easily identified from the number and distribution of acetabular papillae: 4 SI + 6 SII in Cotylurus and 3 SI + 3 SII in Apatemon. These characteristics further enabled the identification of a cercaria belonging to the genus Diplostomum since all the carcariae studied in this genus have 3 SI + 6 SII.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Pharmacokinetics of the enantiomers of acenocoumarol in man.

1 The pharmacokinetics of R(+)-, S(-)- and R,S(+/-)-acenocoumarol were studied in healthy volunteers after administration of single oral and intravenous doses. 2 After both oral and i.v. administration of either enantiomer in a dose of 0.25 mg/kg, the concentrations of R(+) found in the plasma were much higher than those of S(-). This indicates that the observed differences are not related to stereoselective absorption. 3 After intravenous administration of 25 mg of each enantiomer and the racemate, the total plasma clearance of S(-) was about 10 times that of R(+). The clearance of the racemate was between that of the enantiomers. 4 The apparent elimination half-life of S(-) was much shorter than those of R(+) and the racemate, which were similar. 5 The apparent volume of distribution VdSS of S(-) acenocoumarol was 1.5 to 2 times that of R(+). 6 Measurements of the extent of binding to serum proteins, made in vitro at much higher concentrations than those observed in vivo, revealed no differences between the two enantiomers and the racemate. 7 The results indicate that the greater anticoagulant potency of R(+) compared with S(-) acenocoumarol can be explained mainly by stereoselective differences in their metabolic clearance.

Acenocoumarol↗
PubMed1981

[Olfaction and dementia. Preliminary results of a clinical and experimental study with N-propanol].

Various reports concerning the oro-alimentary ducts of dements and increasing arguments in favour of a new etiopathogenic hypothesis for Pick's disease, involving impaired zinc metabolism and histological lesions partly linked with the hodology of the olfactory system, lie at the origin of our present clinical interest in olfaction. In a first stage, using a technique based on dilution with N-propanol, we observed certain conditions permitting an evaluation of the olfactory capacities of patients with Pick's disease, senile plaque dementia and neurofibrillary degenerescense. There does not seem to be a decline in olfaction with age. Olfactory capacities in the two forms of dementia studied were distinctly inferior to those of non-dements. Olfactory habituation was more marked, especially in Pick's disease where there were also paradoxical responses which seemed to form part of a more general change in reaction to stimulus. In senile plaque dementia and neurofibrillary degenerescence the response to olfactory stimulus declines with dilution of N-propanol and lesional extension. Observation of recorded parameters (EEG, psycho-galvanic reflex, ocular movement, breathing) is useful in Pick's disease and may be difficult in senile plaque dementia and neurofibrillary degenerescence. Olfactory capacities appear to constitute an additional criterion on which to base a diagnosis of dementia. They could be used to help establish the neuro-biological bases of certain types of demential behaviour and to observe the progress of tentative therapies.

1-Propanol↗