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Biomedical subjects

J Reina

Publications and source records attributed to J Reina.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Differential clinical characteristics among pediatric patients with gastroenteritis caused by rotavirus and adenovirus].

BACKGROUND: The differential clinical and epidemiological characteristics of pediatric patients (< 14 years) with gastroenteritis caused by rotavirus or adenovirus were studied. MATERIAL AND PATIENTS: A retrospective study was performed in patients with viral gastroenteritis diagnosed from January 1990 to December 1992. The detection of viral particles was carried out by the agglutination system with latex particles sensitized with antibodies versus rotavirus and adenovirus. Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the patients were collected reviewing the medical records and emergency charts. RESULTS: Two hundred eighty-nine patients corresponding to 240 cases of infection by rotavirus (83.1%) and 48 (16.9%) by adenovirus, were analyzed. Diarrhea by rotavirus predominated in the winter months (59.7% of the cases from December to March). Nonetheless, those caused by adenovirus were seen throughout the year with a stable incidence being observed. Statistically significant differences were seen in both groups (p < 0.001) with rotavirus infection having a greater tendency to admission and greater incidence of vomiting, fever (> 39 degrees C) and underlying disease. The presence of leukocytosis was different in the adenovirus group as were the greater length of duration of diarrhea prior to attending the Emergency Department (5.2 days) and the total length of stay (11.2 days). No other associated enteropathogenic organisms were detected in 86.3% of the infections by rotavirus and in the 89.8% of those caused by adenovirus. In regard to age group distribution prevalence of diarrhea by rotavirus was observed during the first 3 months of life (76.6%) while adenovirus group it went up to 24 months of age with similar percentages. CONCLUSIONS: Diarrhea by rotavirus is mainly presented in the winter, with vomiting and its shorter in length and the symptoms less prolonged than diarrhea caused by adenovirus. Rotavirus diarrhea generally affect patients admitted with some underlying disease. Nonetheless, microbiologic diagnosis is required to establish the definitive etiology of both clinical processes.

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMed1994

[Chronic gastroenteritis caused by Plesiomonas shigelloides in adult patients. Report of 3 cases].

We report the clinical characteristics of three adult patients with a chronic gastroenteritis (more than 10 days duration) due to Plesiomonas shigelloides. The three patients presented previously an underlying disease; a chronic liver disease (alcoholic and viral) and a cancer disease. Although the immunosuppressed condition of the patients, the diarrhea was moderate with 6-12 movements/day; the feces were liquid with mucose and blood. No one patient presented fever but all of them had important abdominal pain. Two patients were treated with cotrimoxazole and ciprofloxacin because of their underlying disease. We review the clinical characteristics of chronic diarrhea caused by P. shigelloides in adult patients, and the possibility that this microorganism would be considered a true enteropathogen.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients by the blind protected telescoping catheter.

OBJECTIVES: To demonstrate that blind insertion of the protected telescoping catheter (PTC-NB) through the orotracheal tube can provide reliable pulmonary samples for the diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia (NP) in ventilated patients. DESIGN: We performed a random comparison between the protected telescoping catheter introduced through a bronchofiberscope (PTC-B) and the PTC-NB to diagnose NP. SETTING: A general intensive care unit of a University Hospital. PATIENTS: 40 consecutive patients on mechanical ventilation and with suspicion of NP. The diagnosis of NP was suspected by clinical and chest X-ray findings. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: NP was confirmed microbiologically in 26 (65%) patients and maintained in 8 patients by clinical and radiological criteria. PTC-NB confirmed the microbiological diagnosis of PN in 21 (80%) patients. The use of antibiotics prior taking respiratory samples reduced the sensitivity of PTC-NB and PTC-B from 100-74% and from 94-70% (p = 0.001). Both techniques agreed in 24 of 33 (73%) patients but such agreement was better when PN was on the right lung. Two patients developed a self-limiting hemoptysis after the PTC-B procedure. CONCLUSIONS: PTC-NB is as sensitive as specific as PTC-B for diagnosing PN in mechanically ventilated patients, being a much easier technique to use.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Neonatal sepsis and meningitis in Mallorca, Spain, 1977-1991.

In a retrospective study at Son Dureta Hospital (Palma de Mallorca, Mallorca, Spain) of the period 1977-1991, 334 cases of culture-proven sepsis and/or meningitis in neonates born at the facility were identified. Overall, there was an incidence rate of 4.9 cases per 1,000 live births. The case-fatality rate was 7.5%. Infection was more frequent in infants of low birth weight, with the exception of infants with meningitis and infections due to group B Streptococcus and Listeria species. The patterns of predominance among bacterial pathogens that were isolated changed during the period studied. From 1977 to 1984, Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most frequent such isolate, but this frequency declined in the following years. Group B Streptococcus organisms and Staphylococcus epidermidis replaced K. pneumoniae as the predominant pathogens in early- and Staphylococcus epidermidis replaced K. pneumoniae as the predominant pathogens in early- and late-onset infections, respectively. The frequency with which other pathogens were isolated did not vary significantly during the study period. Invasive infection caused by Candida organisms was found in two patients. The incidence of infection due to group B streptococci has increased in the last few years (to 2.4 cases per 1,000 live births in 1991) and has become a significant problem that requires a thorough epidemiological evaluation.

Bacteremia↗
PubMed1993

Meningitis due to Aeromonas species: case report and review.

In recent years, Aeromonas species has been reported to cause extraintestinal infections with a growing frequency. Meningitis due to Aeromonas species is, however, a rare entity. We report a case of aeromonas meningitis in a 54-year-old man with a history of chronic alcoholic liver disease who, after an episode of gastroenteritis, developed an acute clinical picture characteristic of meningitis with septic shock and ecthyma gangrenosum. Aeromonas veronii (biogroup sobria) was isolated from cultures of blood as well as from cultures of stool, peritoneal fluid, skin lesion, and CSF specimens (obtained by lumbar puncture). Our review of seven additional cases of aeromonas meningitis in the world literature revealed that this condition is generally secondary to metastatic dissemination from primary bacteremia. Aeromonas meningitis, which may or may not be preceded by gastroenteritis, presents clinically as bacterial meningitis, although the presence of skin lesions may increase suspicion of the diagnosis. Third-generation cephalosporins are probably the therapy of choice for patients with aeromonas meningitis.

Aeromonas↗
PubMed1993

Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method for typing and quantitation of Klebsiella pneumoniae lipopolysaccharide: application to serotype O1.

We describe a method for the typing and quantitation of Klebsiella pneumoniae serotype O1 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) based on inhibition in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of a reaction of known O1 LPS antigen and anti-O1 antibody by unknown LPS extracts. Serotype O1 was found in 32% of the 124 K. pneumoniae clinical isolates tested, showing that this serotype is frequent among the eight O serotypes which have been described previously.

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗
PubMed1993

[Etiology of bacterial gastroenteritis in patients infected by the human immunodeficiency virus].

A comparative retrospective study was performed on the bacterial etiology of the diarrheal processes which affect a healthy cohort and those which affect HIV-positive patients. From 1988 to 1991, 10,230 coprocultures were obtained of which 27.3% were positive in the healthy cohort and 16.8% in the HIV-positive group. Of the 43 cases in the latter, 24 (12.2%) were adults and 18 (33.9%) were pediatric patients. The primary enteropathogenic microorganism isolated in the HIV-positive group were 17 (40.5%) S. enterica (I), 16 (38.1%) Campylobacter sp., and 9 (21.4%) aeromonas sp. Even though the overall percentage of enteropathogen detection hardly showed any differences between the two groups, it is worth mentioning that there was a certain predominance of diarrheas due to S. enterica (I) in the healthy cohort as compared to the incidence of diarrheas due to Campylobacter sp. and Aeromonas sp. in HIV-positive patients. There does not appear to be strong differences between the incidence of the various enteropathogens in the two groups, perhaps a simple reflection their geographic and local prevalence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Emergence of resistance to erythromycin and fluoroquinolones in thermotolerant Campylobacter strains isolated from feces 1987-1991.

During the period 1987 to 1991 a retrospective study was performed to determine the resistance of thermotolerant Campylobacter species isolated from feces to erythromycin and fluoroquinolones. Of the 672 strains studied, 614 (91.3%) were identified as Campylobacter jejuni and 58 (8.7%) as Campylobacter coli. During the study period the rate of resistance of Campylobacter jejuni to erythromycin remained relatively stable (0.9-3.5%), while resistance of Campylobacter coli to erythromycin emerged later (1989) with much higher rates (14.8-33%). Overall, 11.8% and 10.7% of Campylobacter jejuni strains isolated after 1987 were resistant to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin respectively, resistance increasing from 2.3% in 1988 to 32% in 1991. In 1991 the first strains of Campylobacter coli with resistance to these fluoroquinolones were detected (rates 29% and 26% respectively). Of the strains resistant to nalidixic acid, only 10.9% were susceptible to ciprofloxacin.

Anti-Infective Agents↗