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Biomedical subjects

J Olsen

Publications and source records attributed to J Olsen.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Anal sphincter function after treatment of fissure-in-ano by lateral subcutaneous sphincterotomy versus anal dilatation. A randomized study.

Twenty patients with chronic anal fissure were randomized into two groups. Ten patients were treated with lateral subcutaneous sphincterotomy and 10 with anal dilatation. Anal dilatation was carried out preoperatively, and at 1 and 3 months after the operation in all patients. Preoperatively there was a significantly increased maximal resting pressure in the 20 fissure patients (80 mmHg median) compared with 20 control subjects (50 mmHg median). Postoperatively a significant decrease in pressure occurred in the dilated group (49 mmHg median p less than 0.05), whereas the pressure was not significantly reduced in the group that underwent sphincterotomy (65 mmHg median p less than 0.05). At 1 year three patients complained of recurrent symptoms of anal fissure in the dilated group compared with one in the sphincterotomy group. Minor continence disturbance was noted in two patients in both groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

A randomized study on hemorrhoidectomy combined with anal dilatation.

Forty patients with third-degree hemorrhoids were randomized in two groups. Seventeen patients had a Milligan hemorrhoidectomy combined with anal dilatation and 23 had hemorrhoidectomy only. Anal manometry was carried out preoperatively at three, six, and 12 months postoperatively. Maximum resting pressure decreased significantly in both groups after surgery, although a small increase in maximum resting pressure was noticed after six months. A significant decrease in anal pressure was measured in both groups after one year. After one year, three patients in the dilatation group had minor degrees of incontinence compared to none in the nondilated group. In both groups three patients complained of recurrent symptoms of hemorrhoids. It is concluded that the combination of hemorrhoidectomy and anal dilatation does not improve cure rate compared to hemorrhoidectomy alone, but may increase the risk of continence disturbances.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Comparison of a dietary attitude index based on questionnaire data and a 7-day diet recall interview: a study among pregnant women.

It is expensive to obtain detailed information on the dietary habits of a large number of persons. If a short set of questions could give a fairly accurate description of the quality of food intake based on accepted norms, these questions could serve as a source of important proxy information of eating habits in a number of studies. In a random sample of women late in their pregnancy, information from a 7-day diet recall interview and questionnaire data on dietary attitude were compared. The sample consisted of 175 women, and 167 of these 175 women participated in the study. On the basis of the questionnaire data, an index were computed according to the Rasch model. No association was found between this index and the quality of food intake according to recommended daily dietary allowances for pregnant women. The questionnaire index was no useful substitute for the dietary recall interview.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Initial mass screening for colorectal cancer with fecal occult blood test. A prospective randomized study at Funen in Denmark.

A Danish study allocated at random 30,970 persons to screening with Hemoccult-II and 30,968 as controls in a population of 140,000 between 45 and 74 years old. Persons with known colorectal cancer, adenoma, and distant spread from all types of cancer were excluded. The test was completed in 20,672 persons from August 1985 to September 1986, and 215 (1%) were found to be positive. Colonoscopy in 203 and double-contrast barium enema in 6 detected 37 persons with cancer and 86 with adenomas. Dukes A cancer was detected in 19 in the screening group, in contrast to 2 among controls. Synchronous adenomas were found in 23 with a positive test and 10 controls. Interval cancer was found in nine persons within 1-11 months after a negative test. Eighteen persons got cancer before invitation and six defectors as well. In all, colorectal cancer was detected in 70 persons in the screening group and in 38 controls; the figures for adenomas alone were 103 and 38, respectively. The study is designed to detect a possible reduction in mortality from colorectal cancer of 25% within 5 years after three screenings with intervals of 2 years. The second screening will begin in September 1987. It remains to be shown whether a reduction may be obtained both in mortality and in incidence of colorectal cancer.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1986

Intraoperative probe-directed immunodetection using a monoclonal antibody.

To assess monoclonal antibody (MAb) 17-1A and its F(ab')2 fragment in intraoperative radioimmunodetection and to evaluate further the clinical usefulness of a hand-held gamma-detecting probe (GDP), we injected radiolabeled monoclonal antibody 17-1A three to six days preoperatively or its F(ab')2 fragment two to three days preoperatively into 18 patients with colorectal cancer. Intraoperative GDP counts with tumor-tissue ratios of 1.5:1 or greater were obtained from 15 (75%) of 20 tumor sites, with ratios averaging 2.3:1 for fragments and 3.4:1 for whole antibody. The GDP counts contributed to intraoperative decision making in three patients, either by localization of tumor not identified by inspection or palpation or by mapping margins of resection with histologic confirmation of a local/regional recurrence. These preliminary data demonstrate that probe-directed, intraoperative radioimmunodetection can assist the surgeon in detecting subclinical tumor deposits and thus better evaluate the extent of primary or recurrent colorectal cancers intraoperatively.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Anorectal function after low anterior resection for carcinoma.

Anorectal function was studied in 13 patients with carcinoma of the rectum 6-12 cm from the anal verge, which was treated by low anterior resection (LAR), and in 13 age- and sex-matched control subjects. Patients were studied before and 3 and 12 months after operation. Anal resting and squeeze pressures were the same in patients and control subjects and were decreased only moderately after surgery, with a slight increase in maximum squeeze pressure 12 months after operation. Three of the patients had an inverse rectoanal reflex before operation, and two had no reflex at all. After operation, only two patients showed a normal rectoanal inhibitory reflex, and none gained a normal reflex within 12 months after surgery. Rectal compliance was significantly reduced before operation, compared to control subjects, and was still significantly lower 3 months after operation. After 12 months, however, rectal compliance had returned to preoperative level in all but two patients with coloanal anastomosis, who still emptied the bowel 4-5 times daily.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Twinning rates by residence in Denmark 1978 to 1982.

It has been suggested in the literature that twinning rates are reduced by psychosocial stress associated with urban life. No support for this hypothesis was found in a study based upon the 5,762 twins and 280,158 singletons that were born in Denmark in the period 1978 to 1982.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Effect of somatostatin on 133Xe clearance from colonic mucosa before and after local nervous blockade in unanaesthetized man.

The effect of intravenous somatostatin bolus on mucosal and submucosal blood flow in six patients with colostomies was studied with the local 133Xe clearance technique. Mucosal and submucosal blood flow decreased by 28% after somatostatin injection. After induction of local nervous blockade by infiltrating the labelled area of the mucosal membrane with lidocaine the reduction in blood flow caused by somatostatin was abolished. These observations suggest that the vasoconstrictor effect of somatostatin is mediated by neurogenic mechanisms.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Weight-specific stillbirths and associated causes of death: an analysis of 765 stillbirths.

An analysis of 765 consecutive stillbirths associated with 98,927 pregnancies during a 6-year interval showed significant differences for cause of death at specific weight categories. In addition, 57% of stillbirths occurred at infant weights of greater than or equal to 1500 gm. Hypoxia accounted for 43% of all stillbirths. The implications with respect to preventability and for changes in routine prenatal care through the incorporation of the several methods of fetal assessment currently available are discussed.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1985

Intraoperative radioimmunodetection of colorectal tumor with a hand-held radiation detector.

A hand-held gamma detection probe was used intraoperatively to localize primary and recurrent colorectal tumors in 28 patients 48 to 72 hours after they received an intravenous injection of 2.2 mCi of iodine-131 labeled anticarcinoembryonic antigen polyclonal baboon antibody. Preoperative evaluation included determination of serum carcinoembryonic antigen, barium enema, colonoscopy, chest film, computerized axial tomography, liver, spleen, and bone scans, and endoscopy when indicated. Preoperative whole-body imaging correctly localized primary tumors in only 33 percent of the patients, whereas it correctly demonstrated tumor in 64 percent of those with recurrent disease. Intraoperative tumor-to-background ratios derived from the detector probe were elevated in all patients, averaging 3.97:1 in primary lesions and 4.18:1 in recurrent tumors. Postoperatively, carcinoembryonic antigen was localized in tissues with the avidin-biotin peroxidase staining technique to confirm intraoperative readings. Variations in stain uptake in a patient could be correlated with variations in radiation detector readings in the same patient. Results support our previous work in nude mice, demonstrating the improved sensitivity and specificity of the hand-held gamma detection device over whole-body imaging for intraoperative localization of immunoradiolabeled tumors.

Animals↗