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Biomedical subjects

J Olsen

Publications and source records attributed to J Olsen.

At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

The prognostic implication of histopathologic subtyping of pulmonary adenocarcinoma according to the classification of the World Health Organization. An analysis of 259 consecutive patients with advanced disease.

The prognostic impact of subtyping pretreatment histologic material in adenocarcinoma of the lung (ACL) according to WHO was evaluated in 259 consecutive, inoperable, Stage III patients. One hundred thirty patients (50%) had acinar adenocarcinoma, 23 (9%) had papillary adenocarcinoma, 13 (5%) had bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, and 32 (12%) had solid carcinoma with mucus formation; five patients (2%) had other types of lung cancer. Subtyping was impossible due to cytology or insufficient histologic material in 56 patients (22%). Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma had the longest median duration of response to chemotherapy (47 weeks), time to progression (33 weeks), and median survival (40 weeks). Corresponding values for solid carcinoma with mucus formation were 8, 12, and 22 weeks. Acinar and papillary adenocarcinoma were intermediate. Survival curves and response rates were similar (P greater than 0.05). Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma had 46% 1-year survivors compared to 16% to 22% for other subtypes. The subtypes may have an impact on the prognosis of ACL, but further evaluation is required.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

Biosynthesis of intestinal microvillar proteins. Effect of castanospermine on cell-free synthesis of aminopeptidase N.

Pig small intestinal mRNA was translated in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system supplemented with microsomal membranes. Castanospermine, an inhibitor of glucosidase I, induced a high mannose-glycosylated form of microvillar aminopeptidase N (EC 3.4.11.2) of increased molecular mass, indicating the blocked removal of glucose residues. In contrast to its reduced expression in a mucosal explant system [(1986) Biochem. J. 240, 777-782], this molecular form of aminopeptidase N was at least as abundant in cell-free translation as its normal high mannose-glycosylated counterpart, ruling out degradation taking place in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Degradation of newly produced, malprocessed enzyme must therefore occur at a later stage during intracellular transport, presumably in the sarcoplasmic reticulum or in transitional elements between this organelle and the Golgi complex.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1988

Pharmacokinetic studies of DISIDA disposition. I. Animal studies.

The whole blood pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered 99mTc-disofenin (DISIDA) have been studied in dogs. Serial blood sampling permitted calculation of whole blood disposition rates, which principally represent liver clearance. There were striking differences in these rates between 6 normals and 7 animals in whom liver damage was induced by chronic bile duct ligation (256 vs 58 ml/min, P less than 0.001). Blood levels of radioactivity fell in a biexponential fashion characterized by rapid and slow disposition phases, whose half times were 2.4 and 58 min in normal animals. On 3 occasions, plasma was obtained from 1 animal by exsanguination 35 min after the administration of DISIDA and rapidly transfused into a 2nd animal. The whole blood pharmacokinetics of the second (recipient) animal showed a predominance of the slow disposition phase and a small rapid phase. The hepatic extraction ratio of blood radioactivity was measured in 3 dogs and was high (75%-90%) early after injection of DISIDA, but fell rapidly to remain around 10%. These experiments suggest the presence of two different species in the radiopharmaceutical studied, each being removed from the blood stream by the liver, but at different rates. The contribution of renal clearance to overall whole blood pharmacokinetics was negligible, since three nephrectomized dogs displayed similar pharmacokinetics to normals. Whole blood DISIDA pharmacokinetics are more complex than previously thought but appear to be capable of providing an accurate measure of liver function.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Recurrent genital ulcers in an adolescent as a manifestation of Behçet's disease.

An adolescent with a history of recurrent genital ulcers had a negative evaluation for sexually transmitted diseases. A clinical suspicion of Behçet's disease was supported by a biopsy of one lesion. The condition may be more frequent than suspected as the signs (arthritis, mouth ulcers, neurologic abnormalities) may be so mild or separate in time that they could be easily overlooked.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Tobacco smoking and twinning.

In a case-control study an association was found between mothers' smoking habits and the frequency of dizygotic twinning. As cases were included all twins born in Denmark in 1984 and 1985. A random sample of 1.5% of mothers to singletons, born in the same period were selected as controls. Only live-borns, conceived after no hormonal treatment, were included in the study. The finding may be due to the well-known anti-estrogen effect of smoking.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗
PubMed1988

Attitudes toward homosexuality: a cross cultural analysis of predictors.

An accepting attitude toward homosexuality was studied in Spain, England, and Germany using samples of 2160, 1167, and 1296 respectively rendering a total sample size of 4623. A multiple regression analysis was used to demonstrate that approval of homosexuality could be predicted from basic demographics, family background, religious and political values. A causal model is introduced with demographic and family variables thought to first influence religion and political values and that these values would then directly impact on the acceptance of the belief that homosexuality can be justified.

Attitude↗
PubMed1988

Comparison between data obtained through questionnaires and interviews: life-style habits of pregnant women.

A random sample of pregnant women in the cities of Odense and Aalborg, Denmark, was taken as a part of a quasi-experimental study. The time period of the study was from October 1984 to March 1985. Out of 175 randomly selected pregnant women, 146 filled out the questionnaire in the 36th week of their pregnancy. The questionnaire was concerned with eating, smoking, and drinking habits before and during their pregnancy. These 146 pregnant women participated in an interview 3 weeks later where some of the same questions on the questionnaire were asked by the interviewer. In spite of the rather short interval between the two data collections, there were some differences in the answers given at the individual level. This is especially true for eating habits and estimated average drinking habits during pregnancy. No tendency was observed for a more frequent recalling of "less socially acceptable norms" in the questionnaire method of obtaining information. Lack of knowledge of the "true" classification is probably the main reason for the lack of stability in the answers given. This leads to some unavoidable misclassification in studies on self-reporting life style habits among pregnant women.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1988

Limitations in the use of job exposure matrices.

A Job Exposure Matrix (JEM) is a cross classification of occupations, industries and exposures within a given job. A general JEM covers all occupations and industries. Severe misclassification by using such a JEM is hardly avoidable. Use of a general JEM will therefore rarely be able to identify risk ratios in the moderately elevated range. However, a general JEM could be an important tool in looking for differentiated misclassification, a frequently mentioned problem in case-control studies. Principles of this kind of use is given in the text.

Data Interpretation, Statistical↗
PubMed1988

Methodological problems in the studies of reproductive failures.

Epidemiological studies of reproductive failures are still rather few in spite of the importance of the research. One of several reasons for this could be the methodological problems of such studies. Some of these problems are discussed in this communication.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1987

Carcinoma-in-situ testis in patients with assumed extragonadal germ-cell tumours.

Testicular biopsies were done in 15 consecutive patients who were believed to have extragonadal germ-cell tumours. 8 patients (53%) had carcinoma-in-situ (CIS) in the gonads, although none had clinical signs of tumour. In addition, 3 of these patients had small areas of invasive tumour growth. Germ-cell tumours can only be diagnosed as being extragonadal in origin if testicular biopsy appearances are normal.

Adult↗