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Biomedical subjects

J Nyboe

Publications and source records attributed to J Nyboe.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Long-term follow-up in 54 patients after combined mitral and aortic valve replacement with the Lillehei-Kaster prosthesis. Overall results and prosthesis-related complications.

A follow-up study was carried out in 54 patients after combined mitral and aortic valve replacement with the Lillehei-Kaster prosthesis. Twenty-two males and thirty-two females with a mean age of 54 years provided a total of 272 years of observation. The operative mortality was 16.7%. The long-term survival rates were 67% after 5 years and 55% after 8 years. The great majority of survivors showed a marked improvement in functional capacity and a significant decrease in heart volume. In spite of long-term anticoagulant treatment thromboembolic incidents were the most frequent valve-related complications. The percentage of patients free from valve-related morbidity and mortality was 75% after 8 years. Valve-related death accounted for 4% of all deaths. Fracture of the prosthesis was never encountered. These results compare favourably with those obtained with the Starr-Edwards' or the Björk-Shiley prostheses.

Aortic Valve↗
PubMed1987

Risk factors for wheezing during infancy. A study of 5,953 infants.

Risk factors for the development of wheezing during infancy were studied in 5,953 children. The data for the study were collected from a large prospective investigation of children born in 1959-61, who had attended a one-year follow-up examination. Wheezing was diagnosed when the symptom had been observed at least once during the first year of life, not in conjunction with pneumonia, epiglottitis or acute laryngitis. Logit analysis was used for the purpose of assessing the causal effect of environmental and other factors on the risk of wheezing among infants. The assessment of a risk factor by means of regression technique, requires certain other variables to be included in the regression model. A general rule concerning inclusion of other variables has been formulated and applied to the above data. The study demonstrated that the risk of wheezing was affected by a number of factors--particularly environmental. Poor social environment increases the risk of wheezing, as does the mother's smoking, and placement of the baby in day-care. Boys experienced wheezing more often than girls. Premature infants are more liable to develop wheezing than mature children. Remarkably, children born in the period April through September develop wheezing, but not bronchitis, more often than children born in October through March.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1987

Long-term follow-up in 185 patients after mitral valve replacement with the Lillehei-Kaster prosthesis. Overall results and prosthesis-related complications.

A follow-up was carried out in 185 patients after mitral valve replacement with the Lillehei-Kaster prosthesis. Fifty-eight males and one hundred and twenty-seven females provided a total of 876 years of observation. The operative mortality amounted to 13% for the total series and to 9.3% after elective surgery. The long-term survival for the total series was 67% after five years and 56% after 10 years. The great majority of survivors showed a marked improvement in functional capacity and a significant decrease in heart volume. In spite of long-term anticoagulant treatment thromboembolic events were the most frequent valve-related complications. Thrombosis of the valve occurred in eight patients and appeared to decrease with a change in the orientation of the valve. The percentage of patients free from thromboembolic events amounted to 76 +/- 5% after ten years. The percentage of patients free from valve-related morbidity and mortality was 66 +/- 5% after ten years. Valve related death accounted for 18% of all deaths and 26% of all late deaths. Fracture of the prosthesis was never encountered. These results compare favourably with those obtained with the Starr Edwards' or the Björk-Shiley prostheses.

Female↗
PubMed1986

Long-term follow-up in 262 patients after aortic valve replacement with the Lillehei-Kaster prosthesis. Overall results and prosthesis-related complications.

A follow-up was carried out in 262 patients after aortic valve replacement with the Lillehei-Kaster prosthesis. One hundred and ninety-one males and seventy-one females with a mean age of 53 years provided a total of 1385 observation years. The operative mortality was 7.3%. The long-term survival rates for the total series amounted to 74% after 5 years and 61% after 9 years. The great majority of survivors showed a marked improvement in functional capacity and a significant decrease in heart volume. Angina pectoris disappeared in 76 out of 79 patients, and exertional syncope vanished in 61 out of 62 patients. All patients received long-term anticoagulant treatment. The percentage of patients free from thromboembolic events amounted to 90 +/- 2% after 9 years, and the percentage free from valve related morbidity and mortality was 82 +/- 3% after 9 years. Only one instance of valve thrombosis was seen, and fracture of the prosthesis was never encountered. These results compare very favourably with those obtained with the Starr-Edwards or the Björk-Shiley prostheses.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMed1985

Value of prognostic parameters in squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva.

In a series of 137 patients with cancer of the vulva who had undergone radical surgery we investigated, by means of a Cox regression model, which combination of clinical variables and clinical as well as histopathological variables afforded the best prediction of survival/death from cancer and survival/death from other causes. Among clinical variables the best prediction was afforded by a combination of tumor site in the clitoris/not clitoris, tumor size greater or smaller than 40 mm, obesity/not obesity, and age. Among clinical and histopathological variables the best prediction was by a combination of groin node metastases/not groin node metastases, tumor site in the clitoris/not clitoris, degree of differentiation high/moderate + low, and age. The combination of clinical and histopathological variables had a significantly better predictive power than clinical variables alone. The best prognostic group in both combinations had a 5-year-survival for cancer of 98%, while the poorest prognostic group in the two combinations showed a 5-year survival for cancer of 19 and 9%. The best predictors of death from causes other than cancer were age and a poor general health. It is concluded that the poorest prognostic group is definitely under treated and that the best prognostic group is presumably over treated. Patients in poor general health and with a good cancer prognosis should receive a more conservative treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Predictive factors with reference to low-risk of metastases in squamous cell carcinoma in the vulvar region.

Among 122 patients operated upon for squamous cell carcinoma in the vulvar region 14 variables were investigated by a logistic regression analysis to determine their predictive value as to the presence/absence of metastases to the inguinal nodes. Factors of predictive value proved to be hyperchromasia, polymorphism, involvement of the clitoris, depth of invasion, and tumor size. On the basis of these variables, three different models of low-risk groups were set up. Model I comprised patients whose tumors showed slight hyperchromasia and did not involve the clitoris [metastatic rate: observed 0, estimated 2.1% (0.4-9.8%)]. Model II comprised patients whose tumors showed slight hyperchromasia, did not involve the clitoris, and measured less than 4 cm [metastatic rate: observed 0, estimated 1.6% (0.3-7.8%)]. Model III comprised patients whose tumors showed slight hyperchromasia, did not involve the clitoris, and had an invasion depth of less than or equal to 5 mm [metastatic rate: observed 0, estimated 1.3% (0.2-7.1%)].

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Prognostic factors for relapse-free survival in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

11 variables determined at the onset of acute lymphocytic leukaemia were tested to predict disease-free survival in 267 children. All children had received similar induction treatment and basic maintenance therapy, whereas 5 different reinforcement treatments were administered irrespective of the severity of the disease at onset. Three modes of prophylactic central nervous system treatment were employed. The risk of relapse was significantly increased for leucocyte count above 50 X 10(9)/1, lymphoblasts above 80% in peripheral blood, age below 2 years or over 5 years, and for males. The risk of relapse was increased by estimated factors of 1.9, 2.3, 1.7, and 1.7, respectively. When the above 4 variables were included in the model, no further prognostic value was demonstrated for haemoglobin concentration, platelet count, signs of bleeding in the skin, mucous membranes or intracranially, presence of leukaemic infiltrations outside the bone marrow, hepatosplenomegaly, mediastinal mass, or T- or B-cell leukaemia. However, evaluation of T- or B-lymphoblast type impact was hampered by small numbers.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

Eight hundred and seventy-five cases of bacterial meningitis. Part I of a three-part series: clinical data, prognosis, and the role of specialised hospital departments.

Between 1966 and 1976, 875 patients with bacterial meningitis were treated at the Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet. Among 495 patients admitted directly to the department, fatality rates were 0.4 per cent for meningococcal infections (including septicaemia), 3.7 per cent for haemophilus meningitis and 8.7 per cent for pneumococcal meningitis. The total fatality rate for directly admitted patients was 3.8 per cent, and 4.0 per cent had sequelae on discharge. Patients transferred from other hospitals often had complications, and their fatality rate (20.1 per cent) was markedly higher than that for directly admitted patients, but not significantly higher than that for patients treated elsewhere in Denmark (17.6 per cent). The low fatality at a specialised unit may reflect an open and swift admission procedure and the preparedness of staff familiar with the management of meningitis. During the first five years after discharge, the relative death risk was increased among meningitis patients but later declined to that found in the general population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Postnatal changes in the ability of plasma albumin to bind bilirubin.

The plasma concentrations of total albumin, unconjugated bilirubin and reserve albumin for bilirubin binding were determined in 407 healthy infants of various age up to eight days. The albumin reserve was measured using monoacetyldiaminodiphenyl-sulfone (MADDS) as a deputy ligand for bilirubin. The fraction of albumin capable of binding bilirubin was calculated as the sum of the concentrations of bilirubin and reserve albumin, divided by the total albumin concentration. Our data showed that this fraction was low (average 0.36) and did not change during the first 24 hours of life, and in this period it was independent of the maturity of the infant, as expressed by its birth weight or gestational age. From about 24 hours of life, the fraction began to increase. This increase came to an end about 60 hours after birth, and no further changes were seen during the following five days. The level of the bilirubin-binding fraction reached 60 hours after birth was related to the maturity of the infant: It increased with increasing birth weight up to 3000 g and with increasing gestational age up to 275 days, when on an average it was about 0.58. The fraction of binding albumin was independent of the sex.

Bilirubin↗
PubMed1981

Acoustic neuromas. Diagnostic efficiency of various test combinations.

In the majority of diagnostic tests usually used in the search for acoustic tumors, there is a large difference in the outcome between patients with and without tumors. Because of a possible coherence between the tests applied, a statistical analysis of this connection was performed with the aid of a logistic model. The best single investigation used to differentiate between patients with and without tumors was tomography of the internal acoustic meatus. This examination was used in combination with the differential caloric test and the alternate binaural loudness balance recruitment test to differentiate completely between patients with and without tumors. Results of other examinations did not contribute significantly to the differentiation between patients with and without tumors. This factor did not render the other examinations superfluous because the analysis was valuable only in patients with a hearing level better or equal to 80 dB. By applying the other tests, information was obtained on pressure conditions in the internal acoustic meatus and possible difficulties at surgery, as well as information about the size of the tumor.

Audiometry, Pure-Tone↗
PubMed1973

Cannabis and alcohol: effects on stimulated car driving.

The effects of cannabis and alcohol on simulated car driving were studied. Cannabis resin containing 4 percent Delta(1)-tetrahydrocannabinol was administered orally in three doses equivalent to 8, 12, and 16 milligrams of that component. Alcohol was given orally in one standard dose of 70 grams. Both cannabis and alcohol increased the time required to brake and start, whereas alcohol increased while cannabis decreased the number of gear changes. An effect of dosage on response was observed with cannabis.

Administration, Oral↗