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Biomedical subjects

J Moore

Publications and source records attributed to J Moore.

At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

A comparison of the early pharmacokinetics of midazolam in pregnant and nonpregnant women.

The early pharmacokinetics of midazolam were compared in pregnant (active labour, awaiting and during elective Caesarean section) and matched gynaecological patients scheduled to undergo elective hysterectomy, half of whom were given an oxytocin infusion. A standard dose of 5 mg was given intravenously. For the first 15 minutes patients in labour had significantly higher plasma midazolam levels compared to all other groups. This was associated with the largest area under the curve (2 hours), the smallest volume of distribution and lowest clearance. Midazolam when given immediately before Caesarean section, can result in depression of the infant.

Apgar Score↗
PubMed1987

Hemodialysis-associated acute subdural hematoma. Interim management with peritoneal dialysis.

Subdural hematoma is an infrequent occurrence in association with hemodialysis. Because of its rarity, there is no widely accepted method of continuing dialysis in such patients. We describe a case of an interhemispheric subdural hematoma with apparent onset during hemodialysis, after which the patient was successfully managed with peritoneal dialysis for 7 weeks. Following this, hemodialysis was reinstated without recurrent intracranial hemorrhage. The strategy of prompt institution of peritoneal dialysis appears to be useful, and deserves serious consideration for long-term use in patients with subdural hematomas in light of the past record of high mortality with continued hemodialysis. However, it also appears that hemodialysis may be cautiously resumed after an appropriate interval of avoiding anticoagulation.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Ultrastructural and clinicopathological studies on the toxicity of cationic acrylamide-based flocculant to rainbow trout.

Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) of two age groups were exposed to a cationic acrylamide-based flocculant at various concentrations in static bioassay chambers. At lethal concentrations the flocculant produced severe gill alterations in all fish. The principal alterations were necrosis and separation of the respiratory epithelial cells covering secondary lamellae. Many necrotic chloride cells were also seen, their apical plasma membrane was destroyed, and mitochondria were swollen with separated cristae. An influx of a large amount of fluid into the interstitial spaces caused partial or complete separation of subepithelial spaces from the covering epithelial cells and basement membranes of underlying blood vessels. Clinicopathological alterations included marked decreases in blood pH, partial pressure of oxygen, bicarbonate and plasma sodium, and chloride concentrations. Hematocrit, total protein, and blood glucose were increased. Fish exposed to sublethal concentrations had gill alterations characterized by hypercellularity and thickening of the secondary lamellae. These were due to undifferentiated cell proliferation and macrophage and lymphocyte infiltration between the covering epithelial cells and the underlying blood vessels. Macrophages and undifferentiated cells had large phagolysosomes containing cytoplasmic organelles, an indication of cell injury and increased turnover.

Acrylamides↗
PubMed1987

DNA and protein heterogeneity in serial isolates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1): indication of change in vivo.

Structural heterogeneity in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) isolates from different sources has been reported. In order to investigate if the virus exhibits heterogeneity in vivo, HIV-1 was isolated over a 3 year period (1983-1985) from a blood donor who progressed from the asymptomatic carrier state to frank AIDS. The HIV-1 specific proteins were characterized and compared by metabolic labelling and immunoprecipitation of infected cells and by Western blot analysis of gradient purified isolates. The data indicate polymorphism in the apparent size of gag gene-encoded p55 and env gene-encoded p41 proteins. The possibility of genomic variations was evaluated by studying the restriction enzyme polymorphism of integrated proviral DNA. Genetic diversity between 1983, 1984 and 1985 isolates was demonstrated by a change in the number and/or size of restriction fragments. In addition, genetic variation was also observed in HIV-1 isolated from the blood transfusion recipient of this donor. Subsequent analysis of the quantitative and qualitative titre of HIV-1 specific antibodies in the donor recipient sera demonstrated a concomitant change with the observed structural variation in the virus. These studies may be useful in elucidating virus or host-related critical events which lead to the onset of AIDS following infection with HIV-1.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1987

Gender-related differences in gastric emptying.

This study was undertaken to determine if men and women have similar rates of gastric emptying. Fifteen normal weight male subjects aged 20-53 yr (mean 30 yr) and 15 normal weight female subjects aged 20-45 yr (mean 32 yr) were studied. Each subject ingested an identical 300-g meal consisting of 150 g of beef stew and 150 g of orange juice. Technetium-99m-(99mTc) labeled liver pate was used as the radioactive marker for the solid phase; indium-111 DTPA [( 111In]DTPA) was the liquid marker. A scintillation camera and computer was used to measure the rate of emptying of the solid and liquid phases. Correction for radionuclide depth, decay, and crosstalk was performed. The half-emptying time for men was: solids 59.8 +/- 3.7 min, liquids 30.3 +/- 2.3 min, and for women was: solids 92.4 +/- 7.5 min, liquids 53.8 +/- 4.9 min. These differences were statistically significant (solids, p = 0.00097; liquids, p = 0.00038). We conclude that women empty both solids and liquids from their stomachs more slowly than men. Possible mechanisms for the difference in gastric emptying rates between men and women are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Successful renal transplantation for Epstein syndrome.

Successful cadaveric renal transplantation was accomplished in a patient with Epstein syndrome, a triad of macrothrombocytopenia, partial high-frequency hearing loss, and nephritis, which often progresses to complete renal failure. The success of the transplant demonstrates that the macrothrombocytopenia which occurs in this syndrome is not a contraindication to aggressive management of end-stage renal disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Primary intraaortic malignancy--a case report.

Malignant peripheral arterial emboli are extremely unusual. Most reported cases of malignant arterial emboli are secondary to invasion of the systemic circulation by pulmonary malignancies via the pulmonary veins. We report a rare case of a primary sarcoma of the aortic arch that presented as malignant emboli. When confronted by a patient with malignant emboli, a normal chest radiograph, and no evidence of a right-to-left shunt, a primary malignancy of the aorta should be suspected and angiography should be performed.

Aorta, Thoracic↗
PubMed1986

Combination treatment with ranitidine and sodium bicarbonate prior to obstetric anaesthesia.

The gastric pH and volume were measured in 175 patients undergoing elective, and 313 undergoing emergency, obstetric procedures. Ranitidine 150 mg was administered orally every 6 hours in labour and at least 2 hours before elective Caesarean section. Patients received 20 ml of 8.4% sodium bicarbonate orally immediately prior to induction of anaesthesia. The combination of ranitidine and sodium bicarbonate produced marked alkalinisation of gastric contents (mean pH 8.9). The administration of sodium bicarbonate pre-operatively in patients who received ranitidine less than 2 hours before operation led to satisfactory elevation of gastric pH. Only four patients had a gastric pH less than 2.5, one patient refused any medication, two received only ranitidine and one patient had a long interval from administration of bicarbonate to aspiration of gastric contents. Gastric volumes were high in labouring patients (mean 84 ml) despite administration of ranitidine. The effectiveness of sodium bicarbonate as a single dose antacid therapy prior to obstetric anaesthesia requires further study.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1986

A double-blind comparison of intramuscular pethidine and nalbuphine in labour.

A double-blind, between-patient comparison of intramuscular pethidine 100 mg and nalbuphine 20 mg for the relief of pain during labour in 80 patients is described. Severity of pain was assessed before and after treatment by subjective pain scores and visual analogue scales. Neither of these methods showed a significant difference between the treatments. Nalbuphine was associated with less maternal nausea and vomiting than pethidine, but this possible advantage was somewhat offset by a tendency of the drug to produce more maternal sedation and dizziness. The mean umbilical vein/maternal vein ratio was significantly higher for nalbuphine (0.78, SEM 0.03) than for pethidine (0.61, SEM 0.02), which suggests easier placental transfer of the former. This finding was reflected in significantly lower 2-4 hour neurobehavioural scores for the infants of mothers given nalbuphine, but there was no significant difference between these scores at 24 hours. On the basis of this study, nalbuphine does not offer a substantial improvement over pethidine for pain relief in labour.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Maternal stress response associated with caesarean delivery under general and epidural anaesthesia.

The maternal stress response to caesarean delivery with either general or epidural anaesthesia was investigated. Patients given a general anaesthetic showed statistically significant increases in blood pressure, heart rate, and levels of plasma catecholamines, cortisol and glucose. Epidural anaesthesia, to at least the T6 dermatome, obtunded these responses. The significance of these findings to the choice of method of anaesthesia is discussed.

Anesthesia, Epidural↗
PubMed1986

Identity of limulus amoebocyte lysate-active root surface materials from periodontally involved teeth.

A new approach has been developed to circumvent the problems of false positive reactions in the Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate (LAL) assay for lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in root surface materials. These LAL-reactive materials include thrombin, thromboplastin, ribonuclease, ribonucleic acid, lipoteichoic acid and peptidoglycan fragments. In the present study, hot phenol/water extraction of these substances followed by ultracentrifugation of the resulting aqueous phases reduced their concentrations to very low levels. Furthermore, the application of Polymyxin B/Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography to these extracts enabled their intrinsic LAL-activity to be determined. Use of these techniques to assay root surface materials has identified LPS as being the major LAL-reactive material present. The mean LPS yield for the periodontally involved teeth was 4.13 micrograms/tooth, representing 2.82 micrograms/root. In contrast, the mean yield of LPS for the periodontally uninvolved teeth was 3.12 ng/tooth.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The distribution of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) in relation to periodontally involved root surfaces.

The distribution of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in periodontally involved root surface associated materials has been investigated using improved methods of identification and quantification. 39% of the LPS could be removed by gently washing in water for 1 min and 60% by brushing for 1 min with a slowly rotating bristle brush. The finding that 99% of the LPS can be removed by comparatively gentle procedures suggests that effective root surface debridement may be achieved by methods other than traditional hand instrumentation.

Chromatography, Affinity↗
PubMed1986

Morphologic and immunohistochemical features of two spontaneous peripheral nerve tumors in Wistar rats.

Morphologic features and S-100 protein immunoreactivity of a benign and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor were studied in two Wistar rats. Neoplasms that developed in untreated control rats from tumor bioassays were S-100 protein positive and had similar histopathologic features. Each peripheral nerve sheath tumor was encapsulated and composed of spindle cells arranged around small thin-walled blood vessels. Palisaded tumor cells were in the benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor while cells of the malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor had cellular atypia and moderate numbers of mitoses. Ultrastructural examination of the malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor revealed cells with external lamina and interdigitation of cytoplasmic processes. Intracytoplasmic concentric lamellae were seen; they were regularly spaced with a periodicity of about 15 nm. Such structures, indistinguishable from myelin sheaths, have not been commonly associated with peripheral nerve sheath tumors in man. Electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry were useful in the diagnosis of these tumors as Schwannomas and in differentiation from other spindle cell tumors.

Animals↗