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Biomedical subjects

J Moore

Publications and source records attributed to J Moore.

At least 541 records · Page 30Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

High-field magnetic resonance imaging of paranasal sinus inflammatory disease.

Magnetic resonance imaging using a 1.5 tesla magnet and a spin echo technique has revealed a remarkably intense signal from abnormal tissue in the human paranasal sinuses. Inflammatory disease in the maxillary, sphenoid, ethmoid, and frontal sinuses has been detected and demonstrated with greater clarity than any other available technique. The pathophysiologic basis for the intense signal has not been defined. These observations do, however, provide an opportunity to discover, clarify, and study paranasal sinus disease. Acute upper respiratory disease, allergic episodes, and the effect of drug treatment based on the MR signal and pathology can now be investigated with this technique. In addition, this may form a basis for assessing the epidemiology of paranasal sinus pathology.

Humans↗
PubMed1986

Gastrointestinal helminths of the northern bobwhite in Florida: 1968 and 1983.

We collected 153 northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) over a 10-mo period from Tall Timbers Research Station near Tallahassee, Florida, USA. Five species of gastrointestinal helminths were encountered commonly (greater than 30% prevalence): Cyrnea colini, Raillietina cesticillus, R. colinia, Heterakis isolonche, and Trichostrongylus tenuis. Other helminths included Brachylaima sp., Rhabdometra odiosa, Mediorhynchus papillosis, Cheilospirura spinosa, Dispharynx nasuta, Gongylonema ingluvicola, and Tetrameres pattersoni. During the intervening 15 yr since the last year-round study of this population of birds, C. spinosa and T. pattersoni have declined markedly, and Strongyloides sp. probably has become extinct locally. Prevalence and intensity seem more likely to fluctuate in parasite species that have complex life cycles.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Histologic findings in the gastrointestinal tract of horses with colic.

Thirty horses were admitted to the University of Georgia Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital with colic severe enough to warrant surgery and/or euthanasia. Gastrointestinal tracts of these 30 horses were histologically examined for morphologic changes. The horses were grouped according to cause of the colic (ie, simple obstruction, strangulation obstruction, thromboemboli, and inflammation). Lesions were graded as to severity, and grade scores were correlated with survival or nonsurvival. Mucosal changes developed distal and proximal to the primary lesion site and, although there were some differences between groups, changes characteristic of ischemia were common to all groups. The predictability of lesion grades of 2 or higher for nonsurvivability (90%) indicates that intestinal biopsy may have prognostic value in the postsurgical evaluation and management of equine colic.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Phase I-II trial of mitoxantrone in acute leukemia: an interim report.

We evaluated the effect of mitoxantrone (Novantrone; dihydroxyanthracenedione) in the treatment of refractory acute leukemia and acute leukemia in relapse. In this study, 70 patients are currently evaluable. Of the 25 patients who received mitoxantrone 10 mg/m2 X 5, two of 10 with ANLL in relapse, one of five with ALL in relapse achieved complete remission, and one of seven with blastic phase CML responded. At a dose of 12 mg/m2 X 5, nine of 22 patients with ANLL in relapse, one of five patients with blastic phase CML and none of the nine patients with ALL responded. At this dose all remissions occurred after one course of treatment. None of the patients with ANLL or ALL refractory to primary therapy achieved a remission. Toxicities encountered with both dose levels were comparable. However, second courses at 12 mg/m2 X 5 led to severe stomatitis and prolonged cytopenia. We conclude that mitoxantrone is effective therapy for ANLL in relapse and that 12 mg/m2 per day X 5 is the optimal dose schedule. A randomized trial comparing daunorubicin with mitoxantrone in combination with cytarabine in untreated patients with ANLL should answer whether mitoxantrone is less toxic and whether it should replace daunorubicin in standard induction therapy in ANLL.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

Local wound exploration of anterior abdominal stab wounds.

At least 25% of stab wounds of the abdomen are superficial. This can be determined in the ED by local wound exploration. If there is no penetration of the posterior fascia as determined by the technique herein described, the patient can be discharged from the emergency department after adequate local wound care is given. Because the patient is not admitted if exploration is negative, this is a safe and cost-effective method of managing superficial stab wounds of the abdomen.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1985

Therapy of anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody disease: analysis of prognostic significance of clinical, pathologic and treatment factors.

We have compared the effect of therapy with immunosuppression alone to immunosuppression plus plasma exchange on the clinical course and rate of disappearance of antibody in 17 patients with anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) antibody-induced renal disease. Patients receiving immunosuppression (n = 9) and those receiving plasma exchange (n = 8) were similar in terms of entry clinical characteristics, pulmonary manifestations and complications associated with therapy. Rate of disappearance of anti-GBM antibody as estimated from serial estimates of antibody binding was significantly more rapid in patients receiving plasma exchange, and mean serum creatinine in these patients at end of therapy was half that of the patients receiving immunosuppression alone. Analysis of clinical and pathologic values at study entry, however, indicated that the percent of crescents on initial renal biopsy and entry serum creatinine correlated better with outcome than did therapeutic modality. Thus, though plasma exchange may offer some advantage over immunosuppression alone in the treatment of this disease, degree of pathologic involvement appears to be the major factor affecting outcome. Patients with low cresents (less than 30%) and well preserved function did well with either treatment, while patients with severe crescentic involvement and impaired glomerular filtration rate did poorly.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Plasma bupivacaine levels associated with extradural anaesthesia for caesarean section.

Plasma bupivacaine levels were measured in 47 women undergoing extradural Caesarean delivery. They were divided into four groups according to the following dose regimens using 0.5% bupivacaine. Group A were given a bolus of 20 ml with increment after 20 minutes. Groups B and C were given 10 ml initially with further increments if required at 10 minutes (group B) and 20 minutes (group C); Group D consisted of patients who had an extradural block extended for emergency Caesarean delivery. In the elective groups the highest and most rapidly achieved values were associated with group A and the lowest levels found in group C. The highest levels of all were found in the emergency group. The investigation indicates that slow controlled induction of extradural anaesthesia for Caesarean section greatly reduces the risk of local anaesthetic toxicity.

Anesthesia, Epidural↗
PubMed1985

Cimetidine in labour: absence of adverse effect on the high-risk fetus.

In a prospective randomized trial, 36 women received cimetidine and 32 magnesium trisilicate mixture BP as antacid therapy every 2 h in labour. The women belonged to a high-risk category and the infants born were less than 36 weeks gestation, or less than 2000 g birthweight or otherwise in jeopardy because of severe maternal pre-eclampsia or diabetes. Measurements of a wide range of haematological and biochemical variables revealed no differences between the two groups of babies. The frequency of complications found in the infants was similar, although infants born to the women who received magnesium trisilicate required oxygen therapy for a longer period. Cimetidine did not appear to affect the development of gastric acidity, or to increase bacterial colonization of the gastrointestinal tract in the infant.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Maternal height and shoe size as predictors of pelvic disproportion: an assessment.

A total of 351 women who gave birth in the Paddington and North Kensington Health District were studied in order to establish a factual basis for recording height and shoe size as indicators of pelvic adequacy. Because only 19 women had radiological pelvimetry assessment, type of delivery and length of labour were used as proxy measures of disproportion. Of the 57 women with a shoe size less than 4 1/2, 21% were delivered by caesarean section compared with 10% of the group with shoe size between 4 1/2 and 6 and only 1% of the group with shoe size greater than or equal to 6 1/2. Similar relations with height were not generally found. The data were further examined using logistic regression models of the expected percentages of mothers having an adverse delivery. The models confirmed and extended the more simple analysis.

Body Height↗
PubMed1985

Peroperative detection of patients with rectal cancer at high risk of local recurrence.

Identification at the time of surgery of patients with rectal carcinoma at high risk of local recurrence may allow a more rational decision to be made regarding the operative procedure to be performed. We have examined tumour bed biopsies and lymph nodes peroperatively using imprint cytology in 20 consecutive patients undergoing radical surgery for rectal carcinoma. The results were checked by subsequent paraffin section histology. We were unable to find lymph nodes in 6 cases (30%) peroperatively. Cytological and histological reporting of the tumour bed biopsies and lymph nodes concurred in 91% and 88% of specimens respectively. Peroperative cytology can differentiate between malignant and benign fixation of rectal tumours, can differentiate between hyperplastic and malignant lymph nodes and may be of value in identifying patients with rectal cancer at high risk of local recurrence.

Adult↗