Detection of resistant isolates of Campylobacter jejuni by the disc susceptibility method.
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Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
Biomedical subjects
J Michel
Publications and source records attributed to J Michel.
Multivariate analysis of determinants of postoperative wound infection in orthopaedic patients.
In a prospective study of 376 orthopaedic patients, the relative contribution of host factors and patient-care variables to the risk of postoperative wound infection was evaluated. Host factors studied were age, sex, ethnic origin and diagnosis. The number of operations, the insertion of an open drain, the use of prophylactic antibiotics and the length of the operation were the patient-care variables studied. Of the risk factors identified, the performance of more than one operation during an admission had the highest risk coefficient, followed by the presence of an open drain, internal fixation of a fracture, and spine fusion. Within the group of operations for internal fixation, those for fractures of the femur had the highest risk of infection. In spine fusions those operations lasting 5 or more hours were associated with a high risk of infection. The length of stay of infected patients was on average 17.9 days longer than that of their individually-matched non-infected controls.
Aged↗
Determinants of wound infection after colon surgery.
Over a period of 54 months, every patient undergoing colon surgery at the Hadassah University Hospital in Jerusalem was followed up prospectively by the same nurse epidemiologist. A total of 403 patients completed the analysis. Risk factors for postoperative wound infection were explored in an epidemiological study, using both single and multivariate analysis. Of the 13 potential risk factors investigated, the four showing the highest association with wound infection were: the performance of more than one operation during a single admission; Arab ethnicity; the use of open drains; and the performance of a colostomy. In patients undergoing more than one operation, the risk for infection was greater if the second operation followed a surgical complication than if it was performed as an elective second procedure; whether the first operation was elective or not did not affect the infection rate. Second operations performed within 7 days of the first carried a higher risk for infection than those performed later. The different prophylactic protocols used during the period of investigation did not have an independently significant contribution to the risk of infection.
Aged↗
Trimethoprim sulphamethoxazole in neonatal Flavobacterium meningosepticum infection.
During an outbreak of Flavobacterium meningosepticum septicaemia in a neonatal intensive care unit 9 infants were treated with intravenous trimethoprim sulphamethoxazole. Bacteriological cure was achieved in 8 patients; one infant died of massive intraventricular haemorrhage on the first day of treatment. Apart from prolonged persistence of pre-existing thrombocytopenia there was no evidence of side effects. Trimethoprim sulphamethoxazole should be considered in the treatment of neonatal F meningosepticum sepsis in view of its activity against this organism, good penetration of the blood brain barrier, and the absence of serious side effects.
Bacterial Infections↗
[Antibody formation in rabbits after vaccination with Streptococcus pyogenes cultured in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of erythromycin].
Rabbits were immunized with suspensions of Streptococcus pyogenes grown, either in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of erythromycin (1/2 and 1/8 MIC) or without antibiotic. Over a twelve-week period, the opsonic activity of the serum and the levels of various streptococcal antibodies were determined. For the two test strains, the immune response observed was identical for the vaccine grown with 1/8 MIC erythromycin and for the control vaccine. The vaccines grown with 1/2 MIC of erythromycin induced a slower and weaker elaboration of protective antibodies.
Animals↗
[Antibiotic sensitivity of strains of Brucella].
The susceptibility of 31 strains of Brucella to various antibiotics was investigated by agar dilution technique. When tested with inocula ranging from 10(4) to 10(6) bacteria/ml, all strains were susceptible to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, streptomycin and gentamicin. More than 25% were resistant to the combination trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. With this combination, the maximal antibacterial effect was obtained at a trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole ratio of 1:19. In 90% of the strains, stable mutants, highly resistant to rifampicin (CMI greater than or equal to 1024 micrograms/ml) were detected. The mutation rate was about 10-7.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
Serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae in hospitalized patients in Israel.
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Adult↗
Serotype distribution of penicillin-resistant pneumococci and their susceptibilities to seven antimicrobial agents.
A total of 229 clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae recovered from 225 patients were serotyped and tested for susceptibility to penicillin G, ampicillin, mezlocillin, cefazolin, erythromycin, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. Of all the isolates, 48 (21.0%) showed intermediate resistance and 17 (7.4%) showed resistance to penicillin G. Penicillin-resistant strains had higher minimal inhibitory concentrations of ampicillin, mezlocillin, and cefazolin than did penicillin-susceptible strains. Resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin was rare (1.3 and 0.9%, respectively). Of the isolates, 8.7% were resistant to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and all were susceptible to chloramphenicol. Penicillin resistance was associated with 13 serotypes. Serotypes 14, 19F, 19A, and 23F were both highly prevalent and frequently penicillin resistant.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
Susceptibility of clinical isolates of Campylobacter jejuni to sixteen antimicrobial agents.
The activities of 16 antimicrobial agents against 103 clinical isolates of Campylobacter jejuni were tested. All the strains were susceptible to kanamycin and gentamicin. Chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, and clindamycin were active against most of the strains. More than one-third of the strains were resistant to the tetracyclines and 12.5% were resistant to erythromycin.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
Effects of subminimal inhibitory concentrations of aminoglycosides on the penicillinase production of Staphylococcus aureus.
The effects of subminimal inhibitory concentrations of kanamycin, amikacin and gentamicin on the production of penicillinase by Staphylococcus aureus were tested on 12 penicillin-resistant strains. Of the 36 experiments performed, 16 (44%) displayed an increase and 9 (25%) produced a decrease in the penicillinase activity of the strains. These effects were observed at concentrations ranging from 1:2 to 1:2,048 of the respective minimal inhibitory concentration, irrespective of the susceptibility of the strain to the aminoglycoside drug.
Aminoglycosides↗
[Effects of subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics on the virulence of group A hemolytic Streptococci].
We have investigated the influence of subinhibitory concentrations of chloramphenicol, erythromycin, penicillin G and gentamicin on the phagocytosis and the virulence in the mouse of strains of group A beta-haemolytic streptococci. In most cases, an increase of the phagocytosis and a decrease of the virulence were shown. The maximum effect have been observed in concentration ranging from 1/2 to 1/8 of the respective MIC. In one strain, the virulence was enhanced in the presence of 1/2 and 1/4 MIC of chloramphenicol and 1/2 of erythromycin, in spite of the fact that the phagocytosis was increased in these concentrations of drugs. The importance of hyaluronic acid as virulence factor has been investigated and discussed.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
Corynebacterium xerosis endocarditis.
Bacterial endocarditis due to Corynebacterium xerosis developed in a previously healthy person. Diphtheroid infection is a rare cause of endocarditis and, when present, it usually affects immunocompromised hosts or prosthetic valves. There are few reports of diphtheroid endocarditis on intact valves, and, to our knowledge, this is the first case in which the offending organism was identified as C xerosis. We call attention to the virulence of C xerosis in a person with no previous valvular disease.
Corynebacterium↗
Combination of dacarbazine and mitomycin in advanced colorectal cancer.
Twenty evaluable patients with advanced measurable colorectal cancer received 3-week courses of a combination of IV dacarbazine 300 mg/m2/day from day 1 to day 5 and IV mitomycin 2 mg/m2/day from day 1 to day 5. Fourteen of these patients had had no prior chemotherapy and received two or more courses of this two-drug regimen. None of the patients achieved complete or partial response. Severe to life-threatening myelosuppression, was encountered in patients with prior radiotherapy and or prior chemotherapy, and/or in patients with a Karnofsky score less than or equal to 70. Hematologic toxicity was mild in the other patients. Nonhematologic toxic effects were generally mild to moderate and consisted essentially in nausea and vomiting. It is concluded that in our hands the regimen selected for this trial has no significant antitumor activity in advanced colorectal cancer.
Adult↗
Effects of subminimal inhibitory concentrations of chloramphenicol, erythromycin and penicillin on group A streptococci.
Group A streptococci strains were grown in broth containing subminimal inhibitory concentrations of chloramphenicol, erythromycin and penicillin, and tested for possible changes in colonial morphology, activity and amount of cellular and extracellular components. The following components were tested: T protein, M protein, opacity factor, lipoteichoic acid, hyaluronic acid, streptolysin S, streptolysin O, DNase, hyaluronidase and NADase. Sub-MICs of these drugs produced variable changes in the bacteria. They increased the amount of hyaluronic acid and hyaluronidase, decreased the amount of M protein, and enhanced phagocytosis and the release of lipoteichoic acid. The results indicate that sub-MICs of chloramphenicol, erythromycin and penicillin may affect the pathogenicity and toxinogenicity of group A streptococci.
Chloramphenicol↗
Pharmacology of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in newborn infants.
The pharmacokinetic parameters of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim were measured in 12 newborn infants of less than 3 days postnatal age, following a single or repeated intravenous injection. The mean half-lives for SMZ and TMP were 16.5 hours and 19.0 hours, respectively. The mean volumes of distribution were SMZ 0.48 L/kg and TMP 2.7 L/kg. The mean drug clearances were SMZ 0.65 ml/minute and TMP 3.31 ml/minute. From these data the recommended loading dose is SMZ 10 mg/kg with TMP 3 mg/kg, and the maintenance dose is SMZ 3 mg/kg with TMP 1 mg/kg twice daily. No adverse side effects were seen during treatment, and the bilirubin-binding capacity of albumin were not changed at therapeutic concentrations of the antimicrobial drugs.
Drug Therapy, Combination↗
In vitro susceptibility of mycobacteria species other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis to amikacin, cephalosporins and cefoxitin.
The susceptibility of different species of mycobacteria, other than M. tuberculosis, to a range of cephalosporins and to amikacin was studied. Susceptibility patterns varied with species. M. fortuitum, M. marinum and M. szulgai were the most susceptible species to amikacin and to cefoxitin, where as M. kansasii, M. scrofulaceum and MAIS complex the most resistant. Cefoxitin appears to be much more active against mycobacteria than the other cephalosporins used in this study. Most of the cefoxitin-sensitive mycobacteria were inhibited by concentrations which can be easily attained in serum on standard dosage schedules.
Amikacin↗
[Problems posed by vestibular neuronitis (104 cases). Preliminary study].
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Adolescent↗
Measurement of psychophysiological and personality factors in men with ischaemic heart disease.
Essential features of the methods and results of an automated system-analytic investigation procedure with well-defined psychic load are described. This was developed with the aim of recognizing disturbances in the psychophysiological system behaviour as premorbid stages of the most important cardiovascular diseases. Results thus obtained show a.o. that healthy subjects and patients suffering from ischemic heart disease can be classified with high reliability according to their psychophysiological system behaviour. A differentiation could be obtained as well on the basis of personality characteristics. The results support the hypothesis underlying the development of this procedure.
Adult↗