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Biomedical subjects

J Michel

Publications and source records attributed to J Michel.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Excitatory amino acid receptor potency and subclass specificity of sulfur-containing amino acids.

The sulfur-containing amino acids, L- and D-cysteate, L-cysteine, L- and D-cysteine sulfinate, L- and D-cysteine-S-sulfate, L-cystine, L- and D-homocysteate, L- and D-homocysteine sulfinate, L-homocysteine, L-serine-O-sulfate, and taurine were tested in two excitatory amino acid receptor functional assays and in receptor binding assays designed to label specifically the AA1/N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), AA2/quisqualate, and AA3/kainate receptor recognition sites, as well as a CaCl2-dependent L-2-amino-4-phosphonobutanoate site, and a putative glutamate uptake site. Agonist efficacies were determined by chick retinal excitotoxicity and stimulated sodium efflux from rat brain slices. D-Homocysteine sulfinate, L-homocysteate, and L-serine-O-sulfate had affinities most selective for the NMDA binding site, whereas the binding affinities of D-cysteate, D-cysteine sulfinate, D-homocysteate, and L-homocysteine sulfinate were less selective. However, the correlation of agonist activity sensitive to blockade by D-2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoate or D-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoate in the functional assays with affinity in the NMDA binding assay (r = 0.87, p less than 0.005 and r = 0.98, p less than 0.005 for excitotoxicity and sodium efflux, respectively) allows characterization of these sulfur-containing amino acids as acting at NMDA subclass receptors. L-Homocysteate, which has been found in the brain, and L-serine-O-sulfate are selective agonists and could serve as endogenous neurotransmitters at the NMDA receptor.

Amino Acids, Sulfur↗
PubMed1986

[Polychemotherapy of undifferentiated small cell bronchial cancer. Long-term results].

Long-term results of 2 studies combining etoposide and adriamycin with cisplatin (CAV) or cyclophosphamide (AVE) in small cell lung cancer indicate a 2-year survival rate of 22% and 18% respectively. The complete response rate 2 years after the onset of chemotherapy was 8% (8/98) : 11% (4/36) with CAV and 5% (4/62) with AVE. Among these 8 patients, 2 had a late relapse and one died of an unrelated cause. The actual long-term survival rate was 6% with CAV and 5% with AVE.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Drinking-water contribution to natural background radiation.

The average concentrations of naturally occurring radionuclides in drinking water are estimated from recent measurements and are used to estimate the annual effective dose equivalent associated with drinking water due to the different radionuclides. The annual effective dose equivalents are determined from the annual intake of these radionuclides using dosimetric information based on ICRP Publication 30 dosimetric models and cohort analysis considering risk coefficients developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency using data from the report of the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation Committee (BEIR III) of the National Academy of Sciences. The resulting contribution from drinking water sources to the annual effective dose equivalent is in the range of 0.002 to 0.05 mSv/y (0.2-5 mrem/yr) for those using community drinking water supplies (approximately 216 million people in the United States). The contribution to the annual effective dose equivalent from 222Rn dissolved in water is in the range of 0.8-30 mu Sv/y (0.08-3 mrem/yr) based on the inhalation pathway following the release of 222Rn from drinking water.

Background Radiation↗
PubMed1986

Predicting the occurrence of 228Ra in ground water.

A conceptual model is presented to predict the relative probability of the occurrence of elevated 228Ra in public drinking water supplies (those which serve more than 25 people or 15 connections) using ground water sources. The model is based on an aquifer classification scheme, which is developed from an understanding of the geochemical and radiological behavior of 228Ra and its parent, 232Th. Using this model, all aquifer types are classified as low, medium, or high probability of having elevated 228Ra. Summaries of the available data are discussed to show the actual concentrations found in each type of aquifer. As part of the initial application of this approach to develop a nationwide occurrence profile for 228Ra, all counties in the United States were classified and a map presented to show the distribution of the three classes. Nationwide, 71% of the counties were ranked as low, 18% were ranked as medium, and 11% were ranked as high.

Radium↗
PubMed1986

A randomized study comparing a high and a standard dose of cisplatin in combination with etoposide in the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung carcinoma.

We conducted a randomized trial comparing a high (120 mg/m2 day 1) v a standard (60 mg/m2 day 1) dose of cisplatin in combination with etoposide (120 mg/m2 days 3, 5, and 7) in advanced non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Two hundred forty-one patients were evaluable for survival and 207 for response. We obtained a 25% objective response rate in the standard-dose arm and 29% in the high-dose arm; this difference was not statistically significant. There was no significant improvement in the overall survival or survival of responders with the high-dose regimen. However, toxicity (mainly myelosuppression) was significantly increased in the patients receiving the higher dose of cisplatin. An analysis of prognostic factors showed that disease progression, loss of body weight, performance status, and prior therapy were predictive parameters of survival.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1986

[Acute intestinal intussusception in infants and children and abdominal ultrasonography].

Ultrasound imaging findings of the invaginated bud are described in 60 young children referred with a suspected acute intestinal intussusception over a period of 5 months. An initial group of 28 children were examined by ultrasonography and a barium enema for diagnostic and possible therapeutic purposes. The second series of 32 children were a therapeutic enema only when ultrasound images provided a positive diagnosis. The method is considered to be a reliable one requiring less medication, and has the principal advantage of suppression of the need for diagnostic barium enema.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1985

Combination chemotherapy with adriamycin, etoposide, and cyclophosphamide for small cell carcinoma of the lung. A study by the EORTC Lung Cancer Working Party (Belgium).

The current study reports the results of Adriamycin (doxorubicin), etoposide, and cyclophosphamide (AVE) in small cell bronchogenic carcinoma. The overall rate of response was 82% in patients with limited disease and 66% in patients with extensive disease; complete remissions have been achieved in 20% of the patients with limited disease and in 7% of those with extensive disease. The median duration of survival was 14 months in patients with limited disease and 8.3 months in those with extensive disease. The results, and the analysis of literature, suggest that survival rather than response should be used to compare studies of chemotherapy in small cell bronchogenic carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Ear involvement in human brucellosis.

A case report of mixed-type hearing loss following brucella infection is presented. Damage to the ear in brucellosis is well documented in the Polish literature whereas, surprisingly, it is not mentioned in the otolaryngologic and microbiologic English literature. Otolaryngologists should be aware of possible ear damage in brucellosis, in order to be helpful in the diagnostic process, with the aim of starting antibiotic treatment as soon as possible, in order to prevent irreversible ear damage.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

The occurrence of radioactivity in public water supplies in the United States.

Examination of the collected data for radionuclide concentration measurements in public water supplies in the United States show more than 51,000 measurements for gross alpha-particle activity and/or Ra, 89,900 measurements for U, and 9,000 measurements for Rn. These measurements were made as part of national and state surveys of radionuclide concentrations in utility water supplies for Ra and Rn; and the National Uranium Resource Evolution (NURE) survey for U which included non-utility water supplies. Surface water has low values for Ra and Rn but levels comparable to ground water for U. Separate isotope measurements were not taken for much of the Ra and U data. Because 226Ra to 228Ra ratios and 238U to 234U ratios are not fixed in water, further measurements are needed to establish the specific isotopic concentrations by region. Analysis of the state average values in geological provinces shows the highest provincial areas for Ra are the Upper Coastal Plain, the glaciated Central Platform, and the Colorado plateau. For U, the highest areas are the Colorado plateau, the West Central Platform, and the Rocky Mountains. For Rn, the highest provinces are New England and the Appalachian Highlands-Piedmont. Regional hydrogeological and geochemical models are suggested for guiding the formulation of regional standards and monitoring strategies. Utility supplies serving small populations have the highest concentration for each radionuclide and have the lowest fraction of samples measured, which shows a need for further measurements of these small population water supplies. Risk estimates for the average concentration of Ra in utility ground water give about 941 fatal cancers per 70.7-yr lifetime in the United States. Risk estimates for the average concentration of U in utility surface and ground water give about 105 fatal cancers per 70.7-yr lifetime in the United States. Using 1 pCi/liter in air for 10,000 pCi/l in water, the Rn in utility water risk estimate is for 4,400-22,000 fatal cancers per 70.7-yr lifetime in the United States.

Air Pollutants, Radioactive↗
PubMed1985

Synergism between gentamicin and mitomycin C in staphylococcal infections in mice.

Mitomycin C, an antineoplastic antibiotic, and gentamicin showed a dose-related protective effect in mice against a lethal staphylococcal infection when used singly. A combination of these two drugs was shown to be synergistic in the mouse model. A specific logistic regression analysis method confirmed that a synergistic bactericidal effect was obtained with the combination.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Increasing frequency of penicillin-resistant pneumococci: epidemiological aspects and case-control study.

At the Hadassah University Hospital, Mt. Scopus, Jerusalem, the frequency of patients with relatively penicillin-resistant pneumococci (RPRP) isolates has increased from 0.9 to 10.8% during the years 1979-82. Infants and children were particularly involved. Significantly more RPRP isolates were found in those less than 14 years old than in those who were older (P less than 0.005). The determination of susceptibility or relative resistance to penicillin was based on the disk sensitivity method, which remained unchanged throughout the study period. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) to penicillin G was also determined for 20 RPRP isolates and was found to be in the range of relative resistance to penicillin (0.25 to 0.50 micrograms/ml) in all 20 isolates. A case-control study of 16 index patients examined antibiotic usage during the 60 days preceding pneumococcal isolation. Total antibiotic usage was high in both groups (18.8 vs. 8.8 days, P = 0.2); beta-lactam antibiotic usage was significantly higher in the RPRP group than in the control group (13.3 vs. 4.2 days, 0.01 less than P less than 0.02). General prescribing practices, even in nonisolated areas where there is no need for public health programs to dispense prophylactic antibiotics, may produce sufficiently high antibiotic exposures to aid the emergence of RPRP strains.

Age Factors↗