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Biomedical subjects

J Marek

Publications and source records attributed to J Marek.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Morphology of the bentonite and kaolin-induced rat-paw oedemas.

The bentonite and kaolin oedemas were simultaneously induced in the rat hind paws and their courses and morphological patterns were observed under the conditions of the same biological background. Gross examination has confirmed the former experience that the kaolin oedema has a more pronounced acute phase (maximum after five to seven hours) followed by subsequent spontaneous regression of the oedema, while the bentonite oedema has its acute phase less pronounced, attains its peak only on the second day, maintaining this same size over several weeks without substantial changes. The courses of the two oedemas were in correlation with the results of histological evaluation (oedematous exudation, polymorphonuclear and mononuclear infiltration and the phagocytic activity of the latter). Resorption of kaolin in the newly-developed non-specific granulation tissue was much faster than that of bentonite (after about three weeks, while bentonite was not resorbed even after six weeks). Further, pharmacological and histological examination was performed of the effects on the bentonite oedema of sodium salicylate and Prednisone during the first 24 hours. Both substances suppressed the oedema, sodium salicylate delayed both polymorphonuclear and mononuclear infiltration, Prednisone delayed only mononuclear infiltration. The presence of mononuclear population was confirmed also by means of the positive activity of non-specific esterase and the negative activity of alkaline phosphatase. The bentonite rat-paw oedema has thus been proved to be a suitable model of inflammatory reaction for testing anti-inflammatory drugs not only in short-term (acute) tests, but also in long-term ones, where it yields a uniform picture of non-specific foreign-body low-turnover granuloma.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1981

Comparative light microscopical and X-ray microanalysis study of barium granuloma.

A barium granuloma occurring in the gastric wall was examined by various light microscopical methods and with the scanning electron microscope in association with an energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer. Barium sulphate is present in the form of a slightly granular, yellowish and greenish substance within the cytoplasm of macrophages, and shows no birefringence. Needle-shaped and rhomboid birefringent crystals are rich in magnesium and silicon, and most probably present talc crystals, one of the admixtures in common commercial preparations used for contrast x-ray examination of the gastrointestinal tract, rather than crystals of barium sulphate proper as erroneously interpreted in the literature.

Barium↗
PubMed1981

Effect of thyroid function on serum somatomedin activity.

UNLABELLED: To obtain more information about a possible role of somatomedins in mediating the effects of thyroid hormones on the development and function of epiphyseal cartilage, somatomedin activity, measured on the basis of 35S incorporation in embryonic chick cartilage, was studied in thyrotoxic patients before and after treatment with carbimazole or surgery and in a group of patients with primary hypothyroidism. In 29 hyperthyroid patients mean values of somatomedin were 1.29 +/- 0.03 SEM an differed significantly (P less than 0.01) from normals (1.04 +/- 0.03). In 15 carbimazole treated patients and in 5 operated patients with thyrotoxicosis somatomedin levels fell from 1.29 +/- 0.04 to 1.03 +/- 0.04 (P less than 0.01) when the patients became euthyroid. Correspondingly, somatomedin levels in 12 untreated hypothyroid patients (0.82 +/- 0.04) were significantly less than in normals (P less than 0.01) an increased from 0.77 +/- 0.09 to 1.14 +/- 0.13 (P less than 0.05) in 4 patients on replacement therapy. IN CONCLUSION: somatomedin levels rise when thyroid hormones are present in excess, and fall when these are deficient. This suggests that thyroid hormones are important regulators of somatomedin levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Oral thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) test in acromegaly.

UNLABELLED: The effects of 40 mg oral and 200 microgram intravenous TRH were studied in patients with active acromegaly. Administration of oral TRH to each of 14 acromegalics resulted in more pronounced TSH response in all patients and more pronounced response of triiodothyronine in most of them (delta max TSh after oral TRh 36.4 +/- 10.0 (SEM) mU/l vs. delta max TSH after i.v. TRH 7.7 +/- 1.5 mU/l, P less than 0.05; delta max T3 after oral TRH 0.88 +/- 0.24 nmol/vs. delta max T3 after i.v. TRH 0.23 +/- 0.06 nmol/l, P less than 0.05). Oral TRH elicited unimpaired TSH response even in those acromegalics where the TSH response to i.v. TRH was absent or blunted. In contrast to TSH stimulation, oral TRH did not elicit positive paradoxical growth hormone response in any of 8 patients with absent stimulation after i.v. TRH. In 7 growth hormone responders to TRH stimulation the oral TRH-induced growth hormone response was insignificantly lower than that after i.v. TRH (delta max GH after oral TRH 65.4 +/- 28.1 microgram/l vs. delta max GH after i.v. TRH 87.7 +/- 25.6 microgram/l, P greater than 0.05). In 7 acromegalics 200 microgram i.v. TRH represented a stronger stimulus for prolactin release than 40 mg oral TRH (delta max PRL after i.v. TRH 19.6 +/- 3.22 microgram/, delta max PRL after oral TRH 11.1 +/- 2.02 microgram/, P less than 0.05). CONCLUSION: In acromegalics 40 mg oral TRH stimulation is useful in the evaluation of the function of pituitary thyrotrophs because it shows more pronounced effect than 200 microgram TRH intravenously. No advantage of oral TRH stimulation was seen in the assessment of prolactin stimulation and paradoxical growth hormone responses.

Acromegaly↗
PubMed1981

Bentonite-induced rat paw oedema as a tool for simultaneous testing of prophylactic and therapeutic effects of anti-inflammatory and other drugs.

The possibility of screening simultaneously the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of a single dose of anti-inflammatory drugs was further tested. Bentonite oedema was induced in the left paw (0.05 ml of 5% bentonite gel subcutaneously). After the measurement of its size in the 23rd h, the rats were given the test drugs (i.m. or p.o.) and 1 h thereafter, bentonite oedema was induced in the right paw. Some of the drugs suppressed the oedema both prophylactically and therapeutically (steroidal and some nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, sodium aurothiomalate etc.), some others suppressed it only prophylactically (some derivatives of pyrazolone etc.) and some of the remaining drugs tested had no effect at all on the oedema after a single administration. Advantages and limitations of this method are discussed.

Animals↗