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Biomedical subjects

J M Jones

Publications and source records attributed to J M Jones.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Prognostic factors in locally recurrent rectal carcinoma treated by radiotherapy.

An analysis has been made of the symptomatic response and survival of 143 patients following radiotherapy for locally recurrent rectal cancer. Computerized tomography (CAT) was performed on 45 patients. Of 119 evaluable patients, 54 had a good response to radiotherapy, 29 a moderate response and 36 no apparent response. Median response was 9 and 3 months respectively in the good and moderate groups. Median survival was 15, 9 and 5 months for the three groups. Latent interval between surgery and radiotherapy appeared to be of prognostic importance. When this exceeded 2 yr median survival was 12 months compared with 7 months for patients with a latent interval of less than 2 yr. Tumour volume measured by computed tomography may have prognostic importance. Radiotherapy should be considered for most patients with symptomatic recurrence. Surgery might be combined with radiotherapy for selected groups of patients with good prognosis.

Female↗
PubMed1983

Gynaecomastia complicating the treatment of myeloma.

The hormonal mechanisms involved in the development of gynaecomastia accompanying the treatment of multiple myeloma in adult men have been investigated by studying levels of circulating testosterone (T), oestrone (EI), oestradiol (E2), sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG), prolactin (PRL) and the gonadotrophins LH and FSH, before, during and after development of gynaecomastia in 4 men. These have been compared with 5 closely matched men who did not develop gynaecomastia during similar treatment for myeloma. Levels of circulating T fell, and levels of E1 and E2 rose during treatment periods in all subjects, and the changes were statistically significant in subjects developing gynaecomastia, which resolved as levels of sex steroid returned towards normal following cessation of treatment. We conclude that treatment of adult men for myeloma results in testicular dysfunction with a reduction in circulating T and a rise in circulating oestrogens. These changes are most marked in subjects developing gynaecomastia in whom the normal breast tissue is stimulated by a subtle, transient oestrogen:androgen imbalance in favour of oestrogens.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Effect of age and sex on the composition of muscle and skin from a commercial broiler strain.

The effects of age and sex have been studied on the proximate composition and inorganic constituents in breast, thigh, drumstick and skin from a commercial British broiler strain (Ross 1). Protein content generally increased with age in all muscles and decreased in skin. Protein content in skin of males was always higher than that in females. Moisture content in all muscles decreased with age. In the skin, moisture decreased with age considerably more in females than in males. Fat content increased with age in all tissues, while ash content of breast, thigh and skin decreased with age. Phosphorus, chloride, magnesium and potassium all decreased with age in all the tissues. Thigh and skin calcium content were affected by age, as was the sodium content of drumstick and skin. The sex effect on the inorganic constituents was variable.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

A 31P topical magnetic resonance study of embryonic development in hens' eggs.

A 31P topical magnetic resonance study of whole chicken's eggs in vivo is described. Resonances from adenosine triphosphate, phosphocreatine, inorganic phosphate and phosphorous storage protein were observed. These changed in relative intensity as the embryo developed. No ill effects due to exposure to radiofrequency radiation or magnetic fields were observed. It is concluded that topical magnetic resonance can make a useful contribution to the study of embryonic development in avian eggs.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1983

Serial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for antibody to Candida antigens during induction chemotherapy for acute leukemia.

Two or more sera were collected from 68 adult patients who received a total of 100 courses of induction chemotherapy for acute leukemia. Sera were tested by ELISAs for antibody to candidal mannan and a major cytoplasmic antigen. Twenty episodes of induction chemotherapy were accompanied by invasive candidiasis of skin, esophagus, or deeper organs. Levels of antibody to mannan rose more than 2.75 times normal activity in nine of these episodes and were already above this level in all sera in two episodes. Levels of antibody to mannan exceeded 2.75 times normal in only two of the remaining episodes in which invasive candidiasis was not observed. An eightfold increase in antibody to mannan occurred at some point in five of the 20 episodes complicated by invasive candidiasis but in only one of the remaining 80 episodes. Antibody to the major cytoplasmic antigen was detected infrequently in sera from episodes complicated by invasive candidiasis. Further studies of precise serial measurements of antibody to mannan therefore appear warranted.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

Torulopsis glabrata pneumonia: value of serologic testing.

An immunocompromised patient with severe hypoxemia was found by transbronchial lung biopsy to have Torulopsis glabrata as the sole pathogen in lung. An antibody response to this organism was demonstrated, confirming its role as a pathogen and indicating a role for serodiagnosis of T glabrata infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Adaptation of a protein a binding assay for measurement of immune complexes in sera of rats.

We describe a simple and sensitive method for the detection of circulating immune complexes (CIC) in rats and have applied the method to test sera from tumor-bearing rats. CIC were precipitated preferentially with 6% polyethylene glycol, dissolved, and then bound to Staphylococcus aureus that are Protein A (PA) positive. Rabbit-anti-rat IgG (RARG) antibodies were then added and followed by 125I-PA. The RARG sandwich antibody enhanced the sensitivity of detection of CIC in rats at least 5 fold compared to that observed using 125I-PA without RARG.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Quantitation of antibody to Candida mannan by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Early clinical diagnosis of invasive candidiasis is difficult. To facilitate rapid diagnosis of Candida infections, we developed an ELISA to quantitate levels of antibody to Candida mannan. The test was standardized by analysis of a nonselected inpatient population to determine a cutoff point defining the upper 5% of such a population as test-positive. Passively acquired sera from patients in intensive care units, patients with neoplastic disease or recent renal allografts, and other patients were analyzed. There was no significant difference between the number of positive tests obtained from patients in whom candidiasis was considered but cultures were negative and from the nonselected inpatient population. Positive tests were obtained from 18.5% of patients with Candida mucocutaneous colonization or infection and 40% and 63.6% of patients with probable and proven invasive candidiasis, respectively. Patients with neoplastic disease had lower test sensitivity than patients in other test categories. These results demonstrate the usefulness of a simple, rapid, standardized test for quantitation of levels of antibody activity to Candida mannan in the serodiagnosis of candidiasis.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1983

Cryptococcal meningitis: resolution eight months after antifungal therapy.

A patient with meningitis due to Cryptococcus neoformans had high titers of cryptococcal antigen in her lumbar cerebrospinal fluid after six months of antimicrobial therapy. Antifungal therapy was discontinued after improvement in immunologic parameters occurred. Cryptococcal antigen was no longer detectable in lumbar cerebrospinal fluid eight months after stopping all therapy. Because the course of cryptococcal meningitis is quite variable and cryptococcal polysaccharide is immunosuppressive, recovery of immunologic function may have been coincidental with resolution of the infection rather than due to treatment with transfer factor. However, confirmation of improved immunologic function was helpful in deciding to stop antifungal therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Second-look operations in the planned management of advanced ovarian carcinoma.

Second-look operations were done in 65 patients as part of a planned management program of advanced ovarian cancer. All patients received chemotherapy with cisplatin, and only those who had a good clinical regression after an incomplete initial surgical procedure were subjected to a second operation. At second-look operations, 16 patients (25%) had no macroscopic tumor (surgical complete remission), and these patients have a 72% probability of surviving 5 years. In 49 patients (75%), considerable regression had occurred but macroscopic disease was still present. Incomplete or complete removal of residual disease was possible in 38 cases (58%), but survival curves suggest that removal of all macroscopic residual disease at second-look operations did not improve survival expectancy. In the other 11 cases (17%), although there was slight improvement in the extent of disease, further surgical resection was not possible and the survival expectancy in these cases was very poor.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Hydralazine, antinuclear antibodies, and the lupus syndrome.

The incidence of patients with positive antinuclear antibody test results rose during three years of treatment with hydralazine. At the end of that period over half of the patients (both rapid and slow acetylators) had titres exceeding 1/20, but the rate of rise was faster in the slow acetylators than in the rapid. There was a significant relation between the cumulative dose of hydralazine and the proportion of patients found to have antinuclear factors. Fewer black patients had positive test results than white. Patients whose antinuclear antibody test results changed fron negative to positive during the study showed this change five to 26 months after beginning treatment. Some patients showed a substantial fall in antinuclear antibody titre even though hydralazine was continued. From these findings patients in whom test results for antinuclear antibody became positive during treatment with hydralazine need not have the drug stopped unless they have clinical features of the lupus syndrome.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1982

Fatal Candida esophagitis in two diabetics after renal transplantation.

Severe necrotizing Candida esophagitis developed in two insulin-dependent diabetics after they received renal allografts. In each patient, the infection led to a perforation of the esophagus and was ultimately fatal despite aggressive medical and surgical management. The frequency and severity of Candida esophagitis seems to be higher in diabetics rather than in nondiabetic patients who received renal transplants. In these two diabetic transplant recipients, small doses of oral nystatin did not prevent Candida esophagitis. Appropriate diagnostic tests must be performed promptly when symptoms of odynophagia or dysphagia develop in these patients. In diabetic transplant recipients with documented candidiasis, decreased symptoms of esophagitis should not be relied on to indicate a response to therapy. Discontinuation of immunosuppressive drugs, as well as aggressive treatment with oral and parenterally absorbed antifungal agents, offer the best hope for preventing severe morbidity or mortality from the infection in these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Adhesion of uropathogenic Escherichia coli to epithelial cells from women with recurrent urinary tract infection.

Adherence of Escherichia coli to human uroepithelial cells obtained from the midstream urine of healthy women, nd to vaginal and buccal cells obtained from 11 healthy women and 24 patients who had had at least three urinary tract infections in the preceding year was studied. Bacteria labeled with [3H] uridine were used, and unattached organisms were separated from the epithelial cells by vacuum filtration through a polycarbonate membrane filter (5-micrometers-pore-size). A day-to-day variation in the receptivity of uroepithelial cells was noted. The range and rapidity of change in adherence to both vaginal and buccal cells were greater in patients than in controls. Adherence to vaginal cells was greater in patients than in controls (10.1 +/- 0.92 vs. 3.8 +/- 0.47 bacteria per cell [mean +/- S. E.], P less than 0.001), as was adherence to buccal cells (1.7 +/- 1.29 vs. 7.1 +/- 0.49, P = 0.002). There was a very strong, positive non-linear correlation between vaginal and buccal cell receptivity (R = 0.87, P less than 0.0001). The data suggest that susceptibility in women to urinary-tract infections is associated with widespread, fluctuating changes in the adhesive characteristics of epithelial cells.

Adhesiveness↗