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Biomedical subjects

J M Jones

Publications and source records attributed to J M Jones.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Variable adherence of uropathogenic Escherichia coli to epithelial cells from women with recurrent urinary tract infection.

The adherence of 74 Escherichia coli strains to vaginal and buccal epithelial cells from women with recurrent urinary tract infections was studied. The strains were isolated from the urine, vaginal introitus or anal mucosa of women with recurrent bacteriuria. Vaginal and anal isolates were judged to be associated with urinary tract infection if they had the same biotype and serotype as the strain isolated subsequently from the urine. Adherence levels of urinary and anal isolates, and vaginal isolates associated with urinary tract infection were similar for vaginal and buccal cells. Adherence of vaginal isolates not associated with urinary tract infection was significantly lower than adherence of urinary isolates for vaginal (p less than 0.001) and buccal (p less than 0.005) epithelial cells. A positive nonlinear correlation between vaginal and buccal adherence was observed for urinary (r equals 0.87, p less than 0.0001), vaginal (r equals 0.70, p less than 0.0005) and anal (r equals 0.32, p equals 0.047) isolates. Strains of O-serogroups commonly and less commonly associated with bacteriuria had similar adherence. The results suggest that adherence of vaginal isolates is associated with the ability to cause urinary tract infections. The strong correlation between vaginal and buccal cell receptivity suggests that susceptibility to such infections may be controlled by genotypic traits.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Digital replantation and amputation--comparison of function.

Clearer indications regarding when to replant an amputated digit can be obtained by comparing the functional capabilities of two similar groups of patients, one of which has had amputations and one of which has had replantations. This paper reports such a comparative study. Function was assessed by asking the patient to perform 10 tests designed to cover a broad spectrum of everyday activities, and grip strength was compared to that in a normal hand. Grip strength was appreciably greater in patients with replanted thumbs and multiple digits, and less so in those with replanted single digits. Based on our findings on the small, but intensively studied, number of patients assessed in this review, it would appear that thumbs should always be replanted if possible. In contrast, the functional analysis shows little necessity for replantation of a single finger. Multiple digital replantation assumes lesser functional value if one or more fingers remain that can oppose the thumb to provide prehension.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Experimental combination and single-agent chemotherapy in human lung-tumour xenografts.

A series of human bronchial-carcinoma xenografts (3 small-cell anaplastic, 2 large-cell anaplastic and 3 adenocarcinomas) established in immune-suppressed mice were treated with combination chemotherapy based on clinical regimes. Xenograft response was assessed by the in situ endpoint of growth delay in s.c. tumours. Dose-response relationships of 3 triple-drug combinations and their component agents were explored, allowing the relative contributions of single agents in each combination to be assessed. The results demonstrate that the effects produced in the xenografts were generally consistent with clinical experience. Procarbazine, cyclophosphamide and CCNU stood out as the most effective drugs in small cell carcinoma, but were ineffective in the other histological types. These was some evidence for individuality of therapeutic response among the grafts, supporting the case for incorporating panels of histologically similar xenografts into primary drug-screening programmes to complement existing syngeneic rodent tumour systems.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Dwarfism in Hereford cattle: a genetic morphological and biochemical study.

A study of 40 Hereford cattle dwarfs in New Zealand confirmed that dwarfism in this country was morphologically the same as that described in North American Herefords and that its mode of inheritance was as an autosomal recessive trait. The histological architecture of growth plates was essentially normal but palisading columns were shorter and more irregular than in controls. A small proportion of chondrocytes in dwarf cartilage showed increased areas of cytoplasmic metachromasia, which probably coincided with increased cystic dilations of endoplasmic reticulum containing granular material as noted by electronmicroscopy. The above growth-plate abnormalities were neither prominent nor consistent enough to be of diagnostic significance; nor do they currently help understanding of the underlying pathogenic mechanism of dwarfing. Histological and mucopolysaccharide excretion studies unequivocally demonstrated that this disease is not a mucopolysaccharidosis as had previously been reported.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1982

Comparison of cytoplasmic extracts of eight Candida species and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Crossed-line immunoelectrophoresis of cytoplasmic extracts of eight Candida species and Saccharomyces cerevisiae demonstrated the presence of antigens reactive with a rabbit antiserum to a C. albicans extract in all species except C. glabrata. A previously defined major cytoplasmic antigen of C. albicans was also present in C. tropicalis and C. guilliermondii.

Antigens, Fungal↗
PubMed1982

Detection of bone metastases in patients with breast cancer.

Various methods have been evaluated for their ability to detect bone metastases in patients with breast cancer. Bone scanning and hydroxyproline measurements are insensitive and showed metastases in few patients with primary breast cancer despite the fact that most will develop bone metastases. We have therefore investigated the value of examining the bone marrow with immunocytochemical staining for breast carcinoma cells. Initial results in 68 patients with no evidence of bone metastases by conventional means indicated (a) that some patients have breast cancer cells in bone marrow despite having no evidence of dissemination using other tests, and (b) that patients with micrometastases relapse sooner than those patients with normal bone marrows.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1982

Flucytosine-miconazole treatment of Candida peritonitis. Its use during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

A case of Candida parapsilosis peritonitis occurred in a patient undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Treatment with oral doses of flucytosine and intravenous doses of miconazole was effective. No interruption in CAPD was necessary, and acceptable flucytosine levels were obtained in the serum and dialysate. This case and information available in the literature suggest that Candida peritonitis can be treated effectively with antimicrobial agents that are well tolerated by the patient, and removal of the dialysis catheter is not always necessary for cure.

Candidiasis↗
PubMed1981

Association of in vitro Escherichia coli adherence to vaginal and buccal epithelial cells with susceptibility of women to recurrent urinary-tract infections.

To identify changes in epithelial cells that were associated with susceptibility to recurrent urinary-tract infections, we investigated the adherence of Escherichia coli to vaginal and buccal cells obtained from 11 healthy controls and 24 patients who had had at least three such infections in the preceding year. Adherence to vaginal cells was greater in patients than in controls (10.1 +/- 0.92 vs. 3.8 +/- 0.47 bacteria per cell [mean +/- S.E.], P less than 0.001), as was adherence to buccal cells (11.7 +/- 1.29 vs. 7.1 +/- 0.49, P = 0.002). This increased adherence in patients persisted despite temporary remission of the infection. Vaginal cells from patients not receiving antimicrobial prophylaxis had greater adherence than cells from patients given prophylactic therapy (11.7 +/- 1.34 vs. 8.3 +/- 1.0; P = 0.027). The range and rapidity of change in adherence as well as in vivo colonization of the vaginal mucosa were greater in patients than controls. Our data suggest that susceptibility to urinary-tract infections in women is associated with changes in the adhesive characteristics of epithelial cells.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed1981

The Cardiff Cervical Cytology Study: prevalence of cytological grades and initial histological findings.

Among 45 266 women in the Cardiff Cervical Cytology Survey the peak prevalence of suspicious or positive smears was 11.2/1000 at age 45-50 years and of dyskaryosis 10.2/1000 at age 25-29. A suspicious or positive cytological picture at prevalence testing was associated with occult or clinical invasion in 24% of cases, and only 4% of patients with suspicious or positive smears were normal histologically. When dyskaryosis was detected in the prevalence test 20% had carcinoma in situ or microinvasion and 3% had occult or clinically invasive carcinoma. One hundred and twenty-nine (51%) women with dyskaryotic smears did not have a biopsy initially (that is, within two years of the prevalence test), but they were followed up at regular intervals. Subsequently 15 of the 129 gave smears consistently dyskaryotic or worse cytologically and were subjected to biopsy. Of these, two showed dysplasia, 12 carcinoma in situ, and one clinically invasive carcinoma. These findings emphasise the need for repeat cytological or histological examination in any woman with evidence of dyskaryosis in a cervical smear.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Purification and characterization of a major cytoplasmic antigen of Candida albicans.

In previous work (Jones, Infect, Immun. 30:78-89, 1980) a major cytoplasmic antigen of Candida albicans was identified. In both humans and experimental animals, this antigen is released from C. albicans during the course of an invasive C. albicans infection and elicits a specific antibody response. In this study, we used diethylaminoethyl cellulose chromatography and concanavalin A-Sepharose chromatography to obtain purified preparations of the major cytoplasmic antigen from crude cytoplasmic extracts of C. albicans. Column chromatography yielded a purified preparation of the major cytoplasmic antigen, which produced a single line in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Using crossed immunoelectrophoresis, we detected small concentrations of contaminating antigens in the purified preparations. We found that the major antigen was a single polypeptide chain containing about 435 amino acid residues and had a molecular weight of 54,300. This antigen did not possess any of 19 common activities. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assays are being developed to detect this antigen in serum and to detect antibody against the antigen.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1981

The Cardiff Cervical Cytology Study. Prevalence and epidemiology of cervical neoplasia.

The Cardiff Cervical Cytology Study showed a prevalence of carcinoma-in-situ that rose to a peak of 6.1/1000 in age group 35-44 and then decreased. Prevalence of microinvasive and occult invasive carcinoma rose to peaks of 1.8/1000 and 1.1/1000 respectively in age group 45-54 and then declined. Epidemiological analysis was based on comparison to three groups-dysplasia, carcinoma-in-situ and microinvasive carcinoma combined, and occult and clinical invasive carcinoma combined. For all groups prevalence increased with lower social class, was higher in widowed, divorced and separated women than in married women, and increased with decreasing age at first marriage and at first pregnancy and with increasing number of pregnancies. The magnitude of these association was remarkably similar for all three histological groups. Screening for cervical neoplasia is based on the belief that the various histological categories are part of a continuum, a spectrum of disease, and the existence of a common epidemiological pattern for the three histological groups is consistent with such a hypothesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

The anomalous septal perforating artery. Its origin from the first diagonal, first marginal, or circumflex artery.

Origin of a septal perforating artery from a proximal portion of the left coronary system other than the left anterior descending artery was seen on coronary angiography in 18 out of 800 patients over a 14-month period. It arose from the first diagonal artery in 12 patients, the proximal circumflex artery in 2, and the first marginal artery in 4. The angiographic appearance and clinical significance of this finding are described.

Coronary Disease↗
PubMed1981

Granulomatous hepatitis due to Candida albicans in patients with acute leukemia.

Deep-seated candidiasis developed after chemotherapy in two patients with acute leukemia. The patients developed granulomatous hepatitis caused by Candida albicans but had no evidence of disseminated candidiasis. Candida could not be isolated from liver biopsies taken from these patients, but yeast and filamentous fungal forms could be identified histochemically within the granulomas found in the biopsy specimens. Quantitation of anticandida antibody levels confirmed that deep-seated candida infection had occurred in both patients. The gastrointestinal tract was the only reasonable portal of entry for Candida in both patients. A diagnosis of candida-induced granulomatous hepatitis should be considered if high, unexplained fever and strikingly elevated serum alkaline phosphatase levels develop in a patient with acute leukemia after an intensive course of chemotherapy.

Adult↗