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Biomedical subjects

J Laurent

Publications and source records attributed to J Laurent.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[Hyperimmunoglobulinemia E syndrome with recurrent infections (Buckley's syndrome) associated with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. A case in an adult].

A 35-year old male patient who, since the age of 17, had membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis presented with recurrent atopic eczema and sinusitis. Outbursts of eczema, sinusitis and proteinuria occurred simultaneously. Signs of immune deficiency, with permanently extreme IgE levels (greater then 10.000 I.U/ml), defective neutrophil chemotaxis and monocyte phagocytotic function (Buckley's syndrome) were present. The role of these abnormalities in the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis (chronic antigen production associated with focal infection and resulting in the formation of immune complexes, defective elimination of these circulating immune complexes) is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Comparative study of central dopaminergic properties of RU 29717 (N-propyl-9-oxaergoline) and pergolide.

RU 29717, a 9-oxaergoline derivative, has been compared with pergolide in a variety of biochemical and behavioural tests indicative of dopaminergic (DAergic) activity. RU 29717 and pergolide have a similar affinity for DA receptors labelled by [3H]spiroperidol or [3H]dihydroergocryptine ( [3H]DHEC) by using striatal or anterior pituitary membranes respectively. Both compounds stimulate the striatal DA-sensitive adenylate cyclase and inhibit the activity of this enzyme in dispersed cells from the neurointermediate lobe of the pituitary gland. In anterior pituitary cells in primary culture, they decrease prolactin release with the same efficacy. In vivo, they exert a long-lasting inhibition of the reserpine-induced hyperprolactinemia. They equally retard the alpha-MPT-induced disappearance of striatal DA and increase striatal acetylcholine levels. In behavioural models, the similarity between RU 29717 and pergolide is also evident: they induce contralateral circling in animals lesioned unilaterally with 6-OHDA, produce stereotyped behaviour and have emetic activity within the same dose range. Therefore, RU 29717, like pergolide, is a potent direct acting DAergic agonist. In experimental models used to investigate this activity at the striatal or the anterior pituitary levels the compounds present a similar profile of action.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1983

[Phagocytic activity of monocytes tin glomerulonephritis in complete remission].

Circulating immune complexes (CIC) account for a majority of GN. Their pathogenicity depends on size, molecular composition, glomerular hemodynamics and activity of phagocytes. The phagocytic function of peripheral monocytes was studied in 23 patients with non-systemic active GN and in 16 GN in complete remission. Phagocytic activity of peripheral blood monocytes was assessed in vitro, by calculating phagocytic index (IP: number of zymozan particles in each monocyte) and phagocytosis percentage (PP: number of phagocyting monocytes); the tests were carried out on autologous and heterologous serum samples. In 13 controls, PP was 79 +/- 5.8%. In 7 membranous GN, 6 membranoproliferative GN and 10 lipoid nephrosis, PP was severely decreased, 63.4 +/- 9.6%, 52.1 +/- 19% and 52.2 +/- 14%. In each group of GN, these results were significantly different from controls (p less than 0.01). In all groups these results were similar in autologous and heterologous serum samples (55 +/- 13% and 57.5 +/- 16%; NS). This perturbation was not observed in GN in complete remission. Therefore, this defect was not linked to the presence of serum inhibitors. In conclusion, alterations of phagocytic activity is present in some primary active GN and may explain an insufficient rate of CIC removal.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1982

[Nephrotic syndrome and hypersensitivity to pollens (author's transl)].

In a 23-year-old man with recurrent nephrotic syndrome the responsibility of pollens from graminaceous plants could be demonstrated on clinical grounds (seasonal character of the syndrome, onset of proteinuria 24 hours after injection of the allergens) and by laboratory tests (increase in IgE levels, presence of specific IgE's, positive basophil degranulation test). There is ample evidence that some cases of nephrotic syndrome may be of allergic origin. A systematic search for air and food allergens should be considered, since the discovery of these allergens may lead to an aetiological treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Contribution of per- and trans-endoscopic pH measurements to the exploration of the upper digestive tract (author's transl)].

Per- and trans-endoscopic pH measurements in the upper digestive tract have provided new and interesting data. Performed by the authors on a series of 314 patients, they showed that the gastric pH is seldom acid, even in duodenal ulcer, and is always alkaline in gastric ulcer and gastric carcinoma. Gastritis may be divided into two groups, depending on whether the pH is normal or hypoacid (4.5 in the antrum, 2.5 in the fundus). Biopsies demonstrated the presence of intestinal metaplasia and epithelial dysplasia in 57.8% of 83 patients with hypoacid gastritis. The method therefore constitutes a simple and reliable means of determining markers of precancerous lesions.

Esophagoscopy↗
PubMed1982

Basophil sensitisation in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.

The degranulation of basophils in the presence of a specific allergen (human basophil degranulation test, HBDT) is an index of IgE-dependent cellular response and it was tested in 46 unselected idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) patients with or without atopic manifestations. 28 of the INS patients had "minimal change" nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) and 18 had focal segmental glomerular sclerosis (FSGS). 29 patients with different types of primary glomerulonephritis (GN) and 11 healthy donors acted as controls. The HBDT was positive in 16 (57%) of 28 MCNS and in 14 (77.8%) of 18 FSGS patients. Only 5 (17.2%) of 29 GN and 1 (6%) of 11 blood donors exhibited positive HBDT. House dust was the commonest allergen to which MCNS and FSGS subjects were sensitive, whereas sensitivity to grass pollen, moulds, and animal danders was less common. 8 MCNS and 8 FSGS subjects were sensitive to house dust plus another allergen. 4 MCNS and 1 FSGS patient had fewer than 5/microliters basophils; 4 of these 5 patients were having a relapse of their nephrotic syndrome at the time. The demonstration of enhanced IgE-basophil sensitisation in INS patients suggests than an anaphylactic process plays a part in the pathogenesis of INS.

Adolescent↗