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Biomedical subjects

J Laugier

Publications and source records attributed to J Laugier.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

[Gastro-intestinal disorders in premature neonates receiving early enteral feeding (author's transl)].

Gastro-intestinal (G-I) disorders were studied in 95 premature neonates. Each child presented with at least one of the features usually associated with mesenteric ischemia. Nearly all the children had been fed early with tyndallized maternal milk. No certain necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) was observed; however, it was suspected in 4 children (4.2%) and in 7 (7.3%), minor changed occurred. Among the 13 factors examined which might be responsible for inducing NEC, only 2 were correlated with G-I disorders: low birth weight (less than 1,500 gm) and occurrence of secondary apnea or asphyxia incidents during mechanical ventilation. This study led to the following practical conclusion: maintenance of early enteral feeding in prematures theoretically at risk for G-I disorders, taking into account the low incidence of severe G-I impairments and of the advantages of such a feeding method, while carefully supervising intestinal symptoms; preventative and temporary interruption of feeding in low weight prematures, in case of acute asphyxia or hypoxia episodes.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
PubMed1982

[Poisoning by externally-administered ethanol in an infant].

The occurrence of unexplained coma in a 15 day-old infant led to suspect an intoxication. Major ethanol poisoning (alcohol blood level: 4.4 g/l) was thus discovered in this child treated with alcohol-containing dressings. Symptomatic treatment alone resulted in favourable evolution of coma in a few hours. Half-life of alcohol was shown to be 17 hours in this child. The interest of the case reported is to remind of the dangers of percutaneous absorption of some products, especially in young infants and the importance of toxicological investigations in children with unusual manifestations of unknown etiology.

Alcoholic Intoxication↗
PubMed1981

[Cefotaxime in the treatment of purulent meningitis in children (author's transl)].

Five meningitis due to Haemophilus influenzae and 6 meningitis due to Enterobacteria were treated with cefotaxime. The antibiotic was administered at a dose of 150 to 200 mg/kg/day in four 1 hour infusions. The pathogens were eradicated in all patients. Cefotaxime activity was efficient either against resistant pathogens (Haemophilus, Enterobacter) or against organism susceptible to ampicillin. Because cefotaxime is active at low concentration and has a good diffusion in the CSF, it provides a particularly effective treatment in Gram-negative meningitis in children. The initial use of cefotaxime should result in rapid eradication of the pathogen, with consequent improvement in the prognosis.

Cefotaxime↗
PubMed1981

Enterobacteria of the neonate. Normal colonization and antibiotic-induced selection.

Enterobacterial digestive tract colonization of neonates under different conditions during their first days of life was studied. Our objective is to determine the frequency of antibiotic resistance under different conditions (hospitalized newborns treated or not with antibiotics, newborns in a maternity unit, mothers treated or not) thereby permitting a better appreciation of the role played by the 'selection pressure' created by antibiotics commonly used in perinatology. The method used was the culture of graded newborn fecal dilutions on selective media, some of which contained antibiotics. Cultures were made every day during the 1st week and 2 weeks of age. By using this technique, enterobacteria can be quantified as a function of their variety and of their resistance to different antibiotics. In the normal neonate under the normal conditions, the most predominant enterobacterium is an Escherichia coli sensitive to antibiotics; these infants also had several varieties of resistant enterobacteria, frequently acquired from their mothers. An antibiotic treatment of the mothers following delivery had no effect on the enterobacteria of the newborns. In a hospital setting, treated neonates rapidly acquired resistant species of enterobacteria. Nontreated neonates, initially often colonized with sensitive enterobacteria, acquired resistant enterobacteria during their first days of life.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1981

[Multiple biotin-dependent carboxylase deficiencies (author's transl)].

Two patients presented in early childhood with: 1) alopecia, skin rashs, and candida dermatitis; 2) severe hypotonia, ataxia and motor retardation; 3) frequent episodes of ketoacidosis with hyperlactacidemia. Propionic and methylcrotonic aciduria only appeared on hyperprotidic diet. Mitochondrial biotin-dependent carboxylase activities were decreased in the liver and leukocytes, but were paradoxically normal in cultured fibroblasts whatever the biotin content of the medium. These disorders responded to biotin administration, pointing to multiple biotin-dependent carboxylase deficiencies (MCD). Our report stresses the polymorphism of MCD: major discrepancies concern predominance of carboxylase deficiency, expression of MCD in cultured fibroblasts, and possible involvement of a cytoplasmic biotin enzyme, acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC). Finally, we suggest that MCD could be of two types: impaired biotin metabolism (absorption, transport, activation) might result in generalization MCD involving ACC. Defective holocarboxylase synthetase might lead to a pure mitochondrial MCD with fibroblastic deficiency and presumably skin integrity.

Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase↗
PubMed1980

[Effect of antibiotic therapy in the mother on the colonization of the newborn by enterobacteriaceae (author's transl)].

Two studies were undertaken to determine the effect of antibiotic therapy in the mother on the enterobacteriaceae of the newborn's fecal flora. In the first, mothers were given tetracycline after delivery. Although the effect on the maternal flora was important there was no noticeable effect on the enterobacteriaceae of the newborn although the organisms were predominantly susceptible. In the second, mothers were given ampicillin before delivery and resistant enterobacteriaceae were predominant in all the newborns. In the controls born to untreated mothers susceptible organism still predominate. Antibiotic treatment of the mother has an important effect on the newborn's flora if the treatment is given before delivery.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1980

[Mycotic aneurysm of bronchial artery. Apropos of a case in an infant].

The authors report the case of a 15 day old neonate presenting a beta hemolitic streptococic (group A) infection, followed by cardio-respiratory failure and radiological opacification of the left superior lobe associated with ventilatory troubles at the left lung base. Massive hemoptysis made an angiographic study mandatory with the diagnosis of a mediastinal vascular tumor placed besides the left descending aorta with compression of the left bronchovasculary pedicule. Tumor ressection was not possible during surgical exploration and a left superior lobectomy was performed. Histological examination showed pulmonary infarctus. The child died a few weeks later. Autopsy revealed mycotic arterial aneurysm of the superior bronchic artery, a very rare lesion considering its localisation and the age of the patient.

Aneurysm, Infected↗