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Biomedical subjects

J Laugier

Publications and source records attributed to J Laugier.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Ultrasonic diagnosis and follow-up of aneurysms of the ampulla of Galen in infants].

An aneurysm of the vein of Galen can have a varied sonographic appearance in infancy. The classical picture is a spherical posterior third ventricular mass with no internal echoes. With varying degrees of thrombosis of the aneurysm which may occur spontaneously or after surgery, the mass became hyper-echogenic. Our experience in two patients with this spectrum of echographic findings will be demonstrated and correlated with clinical findings CT scan, and angiography.

Cerebral Angiography↗
PubMed1986

The effect of imipenem/cilastatin on the aerobic faecal flora of children.

In 18 children treated with imipenem iv, quantitative cultures for aerobic faecal flora were performed on selective media (before, when possible, during and after treatment). In ten children who had not received previous antibiotic therapy, susceptible enterobacteria could be detected at a normal level throughout treatment. Eight children had received other antibiotics beforehand; during the first week of imipenem therapy, enterobacteria were undetectable in two and at low levels in three patients. In one patient previously treated with aztreonam, a strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa became resistant to imipenem and increased in numbers. No dramatic change could be detected in group D streptococci, staphylococci or candida. The surprisingly small effect of imipenem on faecal Enterobacteriaceae could be explained by its inconstant presence in stools at the dose administered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Radionuclide study of bronchial aspiration in intensive care newborn children.

Newborn children, fitted with tracheal prosthesis for mechanical ventilation, may present chronic pulmonary complications due to the repetition of silent aspirations following gastroesophageal reflux. We evaluated, in a newborn intensive care population, the frequency of such aspirations and the relationship between the different parameters and pathologies. This particular group of sick neonates cannot be moved, and as the hospital for the newborn is far from the Nuclear Medicine district, the patients cannot be scanned. We used a simple technique: the injection of a solution of 99Tcm-sulphur colloid in their gastric tube, and the measurement of the tracheal aspiration tubes' radioactivity. Thirty one children were tested; thirteen children (42%) had radioactive tracheal tubes. The study of the relationship between several parameters and our results, shows that the examination was generally positive when the maximal insufflation pressure value was low. Our results prove that silent aspirations are very frequent in such a population and that it will be perhaps useful to prevent them in a systematic way in order to save the neonates from developing pulmonary lesions.

Female↗
PubMed1986

Evolution of the barrier effects against an exogenous drug-sensitive Escherichia coli strain after single or repeated oral administration to newborns and infants aged up to three months admitted to an intensive-care unit.

60 neonates--42 newborns 0-30 days old and 18 infants 31-90 days old--without previous antibiotic treatment were chosen and randomized into three groups (A, B, C). The strain of Escherichia coli administered was antibiotic-sensitive and azide-resistant (E. coli AZ). The digestive implantation was quantified by an index. We studied the variations of this index between the single administration group (A) and the 5 administrations group (B) and with age in both groups. Drug-resistant enterobacteria were also numbered in each stool, and their variations were studied by comparing groups A and B to a control group (C) receiving no administration. Multiple administrations did not lead to different results from the single ones. Age played a negative role in the colonizations after single administration, but a positive one after multiple administrations. Drug-resistant enterobacteria were not affected by any procedure. The drug susceptibility of E. coli AZ was lost in only 1 infant.

Aging↗
PubMed1986

[Polymorphic atrial tachycardia and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome in a newborn infant].

The authors report a case of polymorphic supraventricular tachycardia in a premature neonate born at 33 weeks by caesarean section because of foeto-placental insufficiency and hydramnios due to foetal tachycardia diagnosed in utero. This arrhythmia was of interest because of the association of chaotic atrial tachycardia and the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW), which has rarely been described in the neonate. The mechanism of atrial tachycardia in the WPW syndrome is variable. In our case, there was retrograde atrial activation by the accessory pathway with atrial desynchronisation aided by left atrial dilatation. Digoxin, an effective anti arrhythmic agent in neonatal tachycardia, should not be used in cases of atrial tachycardia associated with ventricular preexcitation because of the risk of dangerous ventricular tachycardia.

Electrocardiography↗
PubMed1985

[Non invasive measurement of the cerebral blood flow in infants with hydrocephalus].

The present study was undertaken to verify by a non invasive Doppler technique the effect of ventricular dilatation on cerebral blood flow in infants with hydrocephalus. The measurement of pulsatile flow in cerebral arteries is also a valuable parameter for determination of optimal timing of corrective intervention.

Cerebrovascular Circulation↗
PubMed1985

[Treatment of purulent meningitis in the child using Cefotaxime].

Cefotaxime has a good meningeal diffusion and is effective at low concentrations on many bacteria, especially ampicillin resistant Enterobacteriaceae and Hemophilus influenzae. We have therefore used cefotaxime (150 mg/kg/24 h, continuous infusions lasting 30 minutes q. 6 h.) in meningitis due to gram negative bacilli. Twenty eight infants and children have been treated within 4 years. The 13 Hemophilus influenzae meningitis (including 2 beta-lactamase producers) have been cured without immediate sequelae. The duration of treatment could be reduced from 3 weeks to 2 weeks. The 7 infants with Enterobacteria meningitis (6 E. coli and 1 Serratia) have been cured of their infection with a 21 to 28 days treatment. The C.S.F. was sterile 2-3 days after treatment except a case of E. coli persisting during 7 days in C.S.F. contrasting with a normal ventricular fluid. A case of relapse with E. coli remaining sensitive was cured with a new course of the same treatment. Five meningitis complicated with hydrocephalus needed external drainage: the fluid was sterile 1 day after treatment in 4 of them. Two superinfections of ventriculo-peritoneal shunt due to Enterobacteriaceae have been cured. To obtain a good result, the need for a careful drug monitoring must be emphasized.

Cefotaxime↗
PubMed1985

[Effect of an amoxicillin-clavulanic acid combination on the aerobic fecal flora in children].

Counts of aerobic fecal pathogens were done using serial dilutions of stools cultured on selective media with or without amoxicillin + clavulanic acid in 15 hospitalized pediatric patients under oral treatment with the association and in 12 non-hospitalized, non-treated controls. Susceptibility was confirmed by disk antibiotic sensitivity testing. The following microorganisms were studied: Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas, Streptococci D, Staphylococci and Candida. In 8 of the 15 treated patients, Enterobacteriaceae were lacking in one sample or more, but subsequent emergence of resistant Enterobacteriaceae during treatment occurred in 4 of these cases. The 7 other treated patients were immediately colonized by resistant Enterobacteriaceae. No resistant Pseudomonas strains emerged. Streptococci D decreased in some cases. No detectable effect on Staphylococci or Candida was found. Enterobacteriaceae resistant to amoxicillin + clavulanic acid were found in 5 of the 12 controls and in 2 cases accounted for the majority of Enterobacteriaceae.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Echographic monitoring of post-hemorrhagic ventricular dilatations in premature newborn infants. Value of the determination of a ventricular index].

The target of this work was the determination of a quantifiable measurement of the ventricular dilatation with an index during the ultrasonographic supervision of intraventricular hemorrhages (IVH) in premature infants. An investigation by cerebral ultrasonography through the fontanelles was performed in 63 non hypotrophic prematures. Thirty-one children (mean gestational age 32 +/- 1.8 weeks) had an IVH. All had ventricular dilatation at one time during evolution. The 32 other children (mean gestational age 34 +/- 2 weeks) showed normal ultrasonographic data and a ventricular index between 0.15 and 0.25 (mean 0.23 +/- 0.02). Post-hemorrhagic ventricular dilatation can be classified into 3 stages: slight dilatation: ventricular index between 0.26 and 0.30; moderate dilatation: ventricular index between 0.31 and 0.40; severe dilatation: ventricular index greater than 0.40. The use of a ventricular index allows precise following of the ventricular dilatation during the supervision of intraventricular hemorrhages.

Cerebral Hemorrhage↗
PubMed1985

[Use of anti-digoxin antibodies in digitalis poisoning in an infant].

Digitalis poisoning is rare, always iatrogenic and potentially lethal in infants. We report one case of severe poisoning in which treatment with digoxin Fab antibody fragments was successful. Evolution of plasma digitoxin levels showed an initial rapid decrease (T 1/2:1 hour), then a slower decline (T 1/2:5.5 days). No undesirable side-effects were observed.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1983

[Prevention of contamination of microhemocultures. Value of a new instrument, the hemopipette].

We have experimented with a new instrument, "hemopipette", known to reduce the incidence of contamination in small samples of capillary blood for haemoculture. Without altering our usual skin asepsis procedure, we carried out 270 microhaemocultures in 240 neonates. Two haemocultures (0.74%) were contaminated, a significantly lower percentage than the 3.6% observed in a first series of 411 microsamples obtained prior to the introduction of "hemopipette". This fall in contamination rate appears to be associated with the use of this instrument which combines a pipette and a lancet and facilitates capillary blood withdrawal.

Blood Specimen Collection↗