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Biomedical subjects

J J Pindborg

Publications and source records attributed to J J Pindborg.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Mortality among reverse chutta smokers in south India.

A 10 year follow up study was performed of tobacco usage and oral disease in a random sample of 10 169 persons in Srikakulam district between 1967 and 1976. Age adjusted mortality rates in those who indulged in reverse smoking of chuttas (coarse cheroots) were nearly twice those of non-users of tobacco. Oral cancer explained only a small fraction of the excess mortality but reliable information was not available for other causes of death.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Oral discoid lupus erythematosus. I. The validity of previous histopathologic diagnostic criteria.

The histopathologic criteria set down by Lever for skin lesions of discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) and the criteria for oral DLE suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO) have been tested on 136 biopsy specimens from oral lesions comprising 42 cases of clinically typical DLE, 24 cases of atypical DLE, 25 cases of lichen planus (LP), 25 cases of leukoplakia, 13 cases of indefinite diagnosis termed DLE? LP? and seven electrogalvanically- induced white lesions. Following studies of inter- and intraexaminer variation, the final recording was done in random order without the investigators knowing the clinical diagnosis in each case. The results showed that Lever's criteria had a high specificity for oral DLE as compared to LP and leukoplakia, but the sensitivity for clinically atypical oral DLE was rather low. The criteria established by the WHO showed no specificity for oral DLE as compared to LP. Neither the criteria by Lever nor the criteria of the WHO were specific for oral DLE as compared to electrogalvanically induced white lesions. Both sets contained criteria showing rather high inter- and intraexaminer variation. Therefore, there is a need to establish a set of histopathologic criteria showing high sensitivity and specificity for both clinically typical and atypical DLE, based on criteria showing a low inter- and intraexaminer variation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Mortality experience in relation to tobacco chewing and smoking habits from a 10-year follow-up study in Ernakulam District, Kerala.

Mortality experience of a cohort of 10 287 individuals age 15 years and over selected by random sampling in Ernakulam district of Kerala was recorded in house-to-house surveys over a 10-year period. Mortality rates were analysed according to tobacco habits of chewing and smoking, taking-age and sex distribution into consideration. Tobacco chewing was practised most commonly by females and these females had significantly higher age-adjusted mortality rates than those who did not use tobacco (relative risk 1.3). Excess mortality among male bidi smokers (relative risk 1.5) was also significant and comparable to the excess mortality among cigarette smokers reported from Western countries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Pilot survey of oral mucosa in areca (betel) nut chewers on Hainan Island of the People's Republic of China.

100 people on Hainan Island were studied for their smoking and chewing habits and the condition of their oral mucosa. Ninety-five percent of the study population chewed areca (betel) nut. In men this habit was supplemented with either smoking cigarettes or water pipe. In two men a small commissural leukoplakia was found. In three women clinical and histologic changes pointed towards oral submucous fibrosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Oral submucous fibrosis as a precancerous condition.

An evaluation of the malignant potential of submucous fibrosis, based on observations of 89 patients with the disease in Ernakulam District, Kerala, India was done. Out of the 89 patients, 12 were referred patients and 77 were diagnosed in population based studies. At the time of first examination oral cancer was found to be coexistent in nine (10%) cases. For 66 patients follow-up observations ranging from 4 to 15 yr (median 8 yr) were available. During this period malignant transformation was observed in three patients (4.5%). Considering malignant transformation and coexistence together, oral cancer was observed in 13% of the present material. Leukoplakia was found in 26% of the patients with submucous fibrosis. Out of 42 submucous fibrosis patients biopsied, 12% showed squamous cell carcinoma, 26% epithelial dysplasia, and 76% atrophic epithelium. These findings reinforced the hypothesis that submucous fibrosis is a precancerous condition.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Utilization of primary health care workers for early detection of oral cancer and precancer cases in Sri Lanka.

Oral cancer presents a serious public health problem in south-east Asian countries. In Sri Lanka and India 35-40% of all cancers are reported to be oral cancers, which are curable if detected in the early stages. The idea that, in developing countries, one of the few practical approaches to early detection of these cases could be through the utilization of primary health care workers was tested in a field study carried out in Sri Lanka. In a control area the subjects with oral lesions were identified by medical/dental officers. In the study, 34 primary health care workers were able, alongside their routine duties, to examine the oral cavity of 28 295 subjects during a period of 52 weeks; 1220 subjects were detected with lesions needing re-examination. The performance of these primary health care workers was very satisfactory in terms of the number of cases detected and the accuracy of their diagnoses, which were verified by re-examination at a specially designated referral centre. The clinical diagnoses of the three categories of lesions detected were as follows: stage 1 lesions for observation (homogeneous or ulcerated leukoplakia), stage 2 lesions for investigation (speckled leukoplakia, erythroplakia, or submucous fibrosis), and stage 3 lesions for treatment (cancer). There was 89% correspondence between the stage 1-3 diagnoses by the health workers and the clinical diagnoses made at the referral centre. However, compliance by patients was low because only 50% of the cases detected in the field attended the referral centre. The cost-effectiveness of this approach to cancer control has been demonstrated.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Epidemiologic study of 600 villagers of oral precancerous lesions in Bilugyun: preliminary report.

A house-to-house survey of 11 villages selected by random sampling was carried out in Bilugyun. Chaung-zone township. Mon State of South Eastern Burma to study the prevalence of oral precancerous lesions and smoking and chewing. A total of 6000 villagers who were above 15 years at the time of this study were examined. The prevalence of preleukoplakia was 0.3%, leukoplakia 1.7%, lichen planus 0.4%, leukokeratosis nicotina palati 2.3, erythroplakia 0.1%, submucous fibrosis 0.1%, and cancer 0.03%. A correlation was done between habits and lesions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Aetiology of developmental enamel defects not related to fluorosis.

The aetiological factors in enamel defects of a non-fluoride nature can be divided into systemic and local. The systemic factors comprise a variety of conditions: genetically determined, chromosomal anomalies, congenital defects, inborn errors of metabolism, neonatal disturbances, infectious diseases, neurological disturbances, endocrinopathies, nutritional deficiencies, nephropathies, enteropathies, liver diseases and intoxications. The genetically determined enamel defects include amelogenesis imperfecta, which may occur as an isolated phenomenon or as part of other disorders such as epidermolysis bullosa, pseudohypoparathyroidism and taurodontism. The congenital defects include heart disorders and unilateral facial hypoplasia and hypertrophy. Among the inborn errors of metabolism are: galactosaemia, phenylketonuria, alkaptonuria, erythropoietic porphyria and primary hyperoxaluria. Neonatal disturbances are important in the development of enamel hypoplasia, foremost among these are premature birth and hypocalcaemia. The latter causes postnatal hypoplasias, which, however, are never seen in breast-fed children. Haemolytic anaemia, mostly in conjunction with erythroblastosis foetalis, may cause enamel hypoplasia. In children with neurological disturbances a rather large number have enamel hypoplasias, and these changes may be a significant aid in neurological diagnosis. When the tetracyclines were introduced, many children had these drugs prescribed in the period when the teeth were undergoing mineralization. The result was a yellow-brown stain of the affected teeth. In recent years, however, there appears to have been a reduction in the incidence of tetracycline staining. As for local causes the most important are traumatic injuries and periapical osteitis of primary teeth.

Amelogenesis Imperfecta↗
PubMed1982

Comparison of carcinogenicity of betel quid with and without tobacco: an epidemiological review.

A comparison of carcinogenicity of the habit of chewing betel quid with and without tobacco has been attempted through a reassessment of the available epidemiological evidence on aetiology of oral cancer and pre-cancer. Primary evidence comes from the reports which emphasize a low incidence of oral cancer among population groups who practise the habit of chewing betel quid without tobacco compared with those which practise the habit of chewing betel quid with tobacco. A more specific comparison is sought here through the quantitative estimation of the relative risks of the two types of betel habits. Out of three studies selected, two studies showed that the relative risk for the habit of betel quid without tobacco was not significant whereas the relative risk for the habit of betel quid with tobacco was highly significant. In the third study, although both relative risks were significant, the relative risk for the habit of betel quid with tobacco was significantly higher than the risk for the habit of betel quid without tobacco. The evidence from studies of oral pre-cancer was also in the same direction. It is suggested that in intervention and primary prevention programmes for oral cancer, the emphasis in the first instance might be upon the exclusion of tobacco from the betel quid rather than the complete discontinuation of the habit of chewing betel quid.

Areca↗
PubMed1982

An intervention study of oral cancer and precancer in rural Indian populations: a preliminary report.

A large-scale epidemiological study of oral cancer and precancer was initiated in 1966 in several regions of India. Phase 1 of the study consisted of a cross-section survey to determine the prevalence of cancer and precancerous lesions, while phase 2 was a 10-year follow-up survey to determine the incidence and natural history of oral precancer. Following these preliminary investigations, an intervention study was started to try to persuade subjects to give up tobacco, and to measure the subsequent changes in the incidence and regression rate of oral precancer. In each of the three study areas, 12 000 adult tobacco users were selected, examined, and interviewed in a house-to-house survey. Information on the ill effects of tobacco use was given through individual discussions with a social scientist, film shows, and posters. The population was reviewed after one year and the proportions of subjects who had discontinued tobacco use were found to be 2% in Ernakulam, 1% in Bhavnagar, and 5% in Srikakulam. Additionally, between 1% and 16% had reduced their tobacco use. In Bhavnagar and Ernakulam the regression rate of leukoplakia was significantly higher among those who had stopped or reduced their tobacco consumption. In Srikakulam there was a highly significant correlation between reduction in tobacco consumption and regression of palatal lesions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Chewing and smoking habits in relation to precancer and oral cancer.

In a prospective epidemiologic house-to-house survey of a random sample in the district of Ernakulam in Kerala State, the annual incidence rate of leukoplakia per 1,000 adults was found to be 2.1 for males and 1.5 for females. The rate was highest in the mixed tobacco habits group and lowest (0) in the no habits group. During the same period, oral cancer developed only among the individuals, who had a history of a previously diagnosed oral lesion. Malignant transformation was significantly higher among the speckled leukoplakia cases. The rate of malignant transformation was also highest among leukoplakias associated with tobacco chewing habits. These results suggest that leukoplakias associated with different tobacco habits may have a different natural history.

Adolescent↗