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Biomedical subjects

J Ishikawa

Publications and source records attributed to J Ishikawa.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Clinical effects of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in leukemia patients: a phase I/II study.

A phase I/II study of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) in 24 leukemia patients was conducted at our institute. Recombinant human G-CSF (50-200 micrograms/m2/day) was administered i.v. In seven allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) recipients, treatment with rhG-CSF was started 5 days after BMT. Neutrophils began to increase within 3 days after the start of rhG-CSF administration in five of seven patients. The mean duration necessary for recovery of neutrophils to greater than 500/microliters was 11.3 days after BMT with rhG-CSF; 26.8 days is the figure for recovery without rhG-CSF from Japanese historical data. In seven out of eight patients who received rhG-CSF administration after the first remission-induction chemotherapy, the neutrophil counts increased from less than 300/microliters to greater than 4000/microliters within 10 days. Blasts did not increase in all patients including four acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) patients. Severe infections such as septicemia and pneumonia, which were unable to be controlled by antibiotics only, were successfully treated with rhG-CSF and antibiotics. rhG-CSF either stimulated or inhibited myeloid leukemic cells in some refractory cases. Mild bone pain occurred in one patient while receiving rhG-CSF i.v. rhG-CSF seems to have the ability to shorten the period of neutropenia, prevent infections after allogeneic BMT and remission-induction chemotherapy for acute leukemia, and support therapy for infections.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

A Phase II study of recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) was performed. The recovery of leukocytes and neutrophils was markedly accelerated in G-CSF-administered recipients. The days to WBC count greater than 1,000/microliters (11.5 +/- 1.9) and the days to neutrophil count greater than 500/microliters (11.5 +/- 1.4) were significantly shorter than those of the monocyte-CSF (M-CSF) and CSF(-) groups. In the G-CSF group the WBC count at nadir was higher than in other groups, and neutrophil recovery preceded monocyte recovery. After the discontinuation of G-CSF, the WBC count first decreased for a few days and then increased again slowly. The short duration of leukopenia brought about a reduction in the number of febrile (greater than 38 degrees C) days which, until day 30, were 1.8 +/- 1.9 in the G-CSF group, also significantly shorter than in others. Acute graft-versus-host disease (greater than grade II) appeared in two of eight patients from the G-CSF group, this incidence being comparable to those found in the other groups. A side effect of G-CSF-mild bone pain-was observed in one patient, but it was tolerable. Six of eight patients in the G-CSF group survived for between five and 13 months after BMT with a Karnofsky score greater than 90%. No relapses were observed in the six, including one patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia and two with acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia. To determine the final influence of G-CSF on myeloid leukemia, further long-term follow-up studies are needed. G-CSF was well tolerated and seemed promising against allogeneic BMT.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Solitary retroperitoneal neurofibroma: a case report.

A solitary neurofibroma arising in the retroperitoneal space without any other stagma of von Recklinghausen's disease is reported. Confusion with another nerve sheath tumor, a schwannoma is a diagnostic pitfall. Histochemical and immunohistochemical stainings of the tumor are useful for the diagnosis of solitary neurofibroma.

Female↗
PubMed1988

Primary choriocarcinoma of the urinary bladder.

We report a case of choriocarcinoma of the bladder. The initial biopsy of the bladder tumor showed co-existence of choriocarcinoma and transitional cell carcinoma, while the cystectomized bladder tumor and metastatic tumors were composed only of choriocarcinoma. The diagnosis of choriocarcinoma was confirmed morphologically and by the demonstration of hCG in the tumor and in the serum.

Carcinoma, Transitional Cell↗
PubMed1988

Mechanism of increased kanamycin-resistance generated by protoplast regeneration of Streptomyces griseus. II. Mutational gene alteration and gene amplification.

Genetic mechanisms involved in the kanamycin (KM)-hyper-resistance of Streptomyces griseus SS-1198PR and NP1-1PR generated by protoplast regeneration were investigated. Southern hybridization of Sph I-digested genomic DNA with a KM-resistance gene (kan) probe revealed that the strain SS-1198PR and its KM-sensitive parent (SS-1198) had the same copy number of a 4.2-kb Sph I fragment hybridizing to the kan probe, while the kan gene of the strain NP1-1PR was located on a highly amplified DNA sequence (100-200 copies/chromosome) consisting of the 6.7 kb amplifiable unit with Sph I site at the junction site region. There was no difference in the restriction endonuclease cleavage map of the kan gene region of the Sph I fragments from the three strains. However, the level (50 micrograms/ml) of KM-resistance conferred by the cloned NP1-1PR kan gene was much lower than that (1,000 micrograms/ml) conferred by the cloned SS-1198PR kan gene in Streptomyces lividans TK21 although the strain TK21 harboring these kan genes produced an aminoglycoside acetyltransferase, AAC(3)-V, with the same substrate specificity. It seemed, therefore, likely that a mutational alteration of the kan gene and a DNA amplification involving the kan region played major roles for the KM-hyper-resistance depending on AAC(3)-V in the strains SS-1198PR and NP1-1PR, respectively.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1988

Strain- and species-specific distribution of the streptomycin gene cluster and kan-related sequences in Streptomyces griseus.

The streptomycin (SM) gene cluster was investigated for its distribution in streptomycetes by Southern hybridization using nick-translated DNA probes, which were isolated from the SM-6-phosphotransferase (SPH) and amidinotransferase (ADT) regions of the SM gene cluster of Streptomyces griseus SS-1198. Bgl II-digested genomic DNAs from SM-producing strains of S. griseus yielded the same size fragment (7.0 kb) which hybridized to both the SPH and ADT probes as expected from the restriction endonuclease cleavage map of the SM gene cluster. By contrast, no genomic DNA fragments from heterologous Streptomyces strains hybridized to the probes. Thus, only SM-producing strains of S. griseus possess the highly homologous SM gene cluster. Similarly, distribution of DNA sequences homologous to the kanamycin (KM)-resistance determinant (kan) from a KM-resistant regenerant of S. griseus SS-1198 protoplasts was also examined. Using the kan gene fragment as the probe it was revealed that the kan-related sequences are present in all the strains of S. griseus tested, irrespective of the type of antibiotics they produce. However, no hybridization to the kan gene probe (KAN) was observed with DNA digests derived from other Streptomyces species.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1988

Mechanism of increased kanamycin-resistance generated by protoplast regeneration of Streptomyces griseus. I. Cloning of a gene segment directing a high level of an aminoglycoside 3-N-acetyltransferase activity.

The genetic and biochemical basis of a 200-fold increase in kanamycin (KM)-resistance shown in Streptomyces griseus SS-1198PR generated by protoplast regeneration was investigated. A 15-kb Bcl I-DNA segment responsible for the KM-resistance was cloned into pIJ61 with Streptomyces lividans TK21 as host. The KM-resistance segment was then subcloned into pIJ702 as a 1.8-kb BamH I-Bgl II fragment with a BamH I site essential for the KM-resistance. Both S. lividans TK21 containing the cloned segments and S. griseus SS-1198PR showed multiple resistance to KM, dibekacin and gentamicin C complex. Cell free extracts from these strains inactivated the antibiotics in the presence of acetyl CoA in agreement with their resistance pattern. The structure of the inactivated KM-A was determined as 3-N-acetyl-KM-A indicating acetylation by an aminoglycoside acetyltransferase, AAC(3). The substrate range of the enzyme was unique and was designated AAC(3)-V. No genetic linkage was found between the cloned 15 kb Bcl I segment and the separately cloned streptomycin resistance gene (str) segment (3.8 kb Sph I fragment). The str genes cloned from both the parent (SS-1198) and the strain SS-1198PR were identical in their size, restriction site and function. In addition, these strains showed no significant difference in the total DNA digestion pattern. These results indicate that protoplast regeneration may cause a critical change in a specific region of DNA resulting in a high activity of an AAC(3) with a novel substrate range.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1988

[A case of adenomatous polyps with prostatic type epithelium].

A 41-year-old male presented with gross hematuria and was found to have a polypoid lesion of the prostatic urethra. This proved to be an adenomatous polyp with prostatic type epithelium. Transurethral resection was performed on August 3, 1985. He had no evidence of recurrence following the operation. Previously reported cases of relevance are briefly discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Clinical studies on sultamicillin fine granule in pediatric field].

Pharmacokinetics, safety and effects on bacterial infection of sultamicillin (SBTPC) fine granule were evaluated in 17 children. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Pharmacokinetics in 3 children receiving a single dose of 10 mg per kg body weight were evaluated. The half-life of ampicillin (ABPC) was 1.38 +/- 0.14 hours and that of sulbactam was 0.93 +/- 0.26 hour. 2. Fourteen cases, including 7 tonsillitis, 2 pharyngitis, 2 bronchitis, and 1 each of cystitis, scarlet fever and cellulitis were treated with SBTPC fine granule. The clinical efficacy rate was 100%. 3. Bacteriological efficacies classified by causative organisms were evaluated in 5 children. Staphylococcus aureus was responsible in 3 cases, Streptococcus pyogenes in 1 case, Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis in 1 case. Eradication rate was 100%. SBTPC was more active than ABPC against ABPC-resistant strains and almost equal to or more active than cephalexin or cefaclor. 4. The only abnormal laboratory test value observed was eosinophilia in 2 children. No side effects were recorded. From the above results it is concluded that SBTPC fine granule is one of first choices of effective, useful and safe antibiotics for the treatment of infections in pediatric field.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1988

[The significance of early coronary reperfusion in patients with acute myocardial infarction assessed by regional wall motion].

Left ventricular ejection fraction, regional wall motion, hospital mortality rate, and reocclusion rate of the infarct-related coronary artery after thrombolytic therapy were examined in 164 consecutive patients who were admitted within 12 hours of the onsets of their symptoms of acute myocardial infarction. The patients were divided into three groups based on the findings of initial coronary angiography before and after administration of urokinase: (1) stenosed (the infarct-related coronary blood flow was visualized at initial angiography) (n = 41); (2) successfully thrombolysed (n = 82); and (3) unsuccessful (n = 41). The patients in each group were also subdivided into three subgroups based on the recanalized time (hours): within three, three to six hours and six hours or longer. The hospital mortality rates were 4.9% (two of the 41 patients) in the stenosed; 8.5% (seven of the 82 patients) in the thrombolysed; 29.3% (12 of the 41 patients) in the unsuccessful group, and 12.8% (21 of the 164 patients) overall, respectively. There were significant differences among these three groups. The incidence of pump failure as a cause of death in the acute stage was significantly low in the stenosed (two of the 41 patients) and in the thrombolysed (3 of the 82 patients) groups compared to the unsuccessful group (eight of the 41 patients). The rates of rethrombosis one month after thrombolytic treatment were 3% in the stenosed and 4% in the thrombolysed groups. On the contrary, visualization of coronary blood flow at the chronic stage (approximately one month later) was confirmed in 19% of the patients in the unsuccessful group. Left ventricular ejection fraction one month after thrombolytic therapy in the subgroup with the recanalized coronary arteries within three hours was significantly higher than that of the unsuccessful group, but, after three hours of procedure, no significant difference of left ventricular ejection fraction was present among three groups. Regional wall motion in patients with the recanalized coronary artery within 12 hours was better than that of the unsuccessful group. The area of improved wall motion was wide in patients with early recanalization in the stenosed and thrombolysed groups. Thus, early recanalization within three hours is mandatory for reducing mortality and for improving ejection fraction and wall motion.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Lack of correlation between rare Ha-ras alleles and urothelial cancer in Japan.

Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of Ha-ras gene was surveyed by Southern blot analysis in leukocyte DNA from 55 normal individuals and 58 urothelial cancer patients in Japan. Three common alleles and 4 rare alleles were classified. The frequency of common alleles in normal Japanese individuals differed from that in Caucasians previously reported; a 7.2-7.5-kb BamHI fragment of common allele was not observed in Japanese individuals. No significant increase in frequency of the rare Ha-ras allele was observed in the group of cancer patients. Moreover, no significant difference in frequency was observed for the 3 common alleles. Tumor DNA was compared with leukocyte DNA in 30 urothelial cancer patients: in 3 of 8 cases with heterozygous Ha-ras locus, decreased intensity of one band, indicating partial loss of one allele in tumor DNA, was observed. In 3 tumors with either deletion of one Ha-ras allele or a rare Ha-ras allele, expression of Ha-ras gene was examined by Northern blot analysis. Such genetic alterations did not always result in a marked increase in Ha-ras expression. These data suggest that these genetic alterations are not directly related to Ha-ras expression, and that RFLP of Ha-ras gene is not a useful genetic marker for urothelial cancer. On the other hand, deletion of one Ha-ras allele was observed in 1 of 5 cases of bladder cancer and in 2 of 3 cases of renal pelvic cancer, suggesting that that deletion may be important in the development of urothelial cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Choice of extraction procedure for estimation of anterior pituitary hormone content.

Searching for the best procedure for simultaneous estimation of the anterior pituitary hormones, extraction efficiencies of various media, additives such as urea and triton X-100, and physical treatments such as freezing-thawing (F-T) and sonication, were examined by measuring prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH), lutropin (LH), follitropin (FSH), and thyrotropin (TSH) in the extracts. Ethanolic media (60% EtOH) gave high yields of PRL at neutral to alkaline pH, but poor extraction of GH accompanied by a marked loss of its immunoreactivity during storage. Ethanolic media also gave a poor yield of LH even at high pH. Aqueous media like PBS at various pH, 0.1 M acetic acid and distilled water were considerably effective in the extraction of GH, LH, FSH and TSH if they were coupled with F-T and sonication. However, high yields of PRL could not be obtained with these aqueous media even with F-T and sonication. Hartree's 40% EtOH-6% ammonium acetate, pH 5.1, solubilized considerable amounts of glycoprotein hormones, but yielded almost no GH and only a small amount of PRL. The addition of triton X-100 to PBS (pH 7) at 0.1% resulted in the maximum extraction of glycoprotein hormones with homogenization and F-T, but further sonication was necessary for GH and PRL. When the anterior pituitaries were homogenized and frozen-thawed in PBS (pH 7) containing 1 M urea, yields of PRL, GH, LH, FSH, and TSH were maximum, and sonication did not cause any additional extraction, indicating that this procedure, i.e. homogenization and F-T in 1 M urea-PBS, would be the best for the simultaneous estimation of these anterior pituitary hormones.

Acetates↗
PubMed1987

[A case of cleidocranial dysostosis associated with arachnoid cyst].

Cleidocranial dysostosis (CCD) is a rare congenital disorder characterized by the heredity, the disturbance of the ossification of the skull and clavicles, and dental anomaly. The entity of CCD was established by Marie and Sainton in 1898. In Japan about 150 cases have been reported since Haneda's first report in 1933. Recently we experienced a rare case of CCD associated with the temporal arachnoid cyst. The patient was a 61-year-old male who had suffered from mild spastic paresis of the left upper extremity since his childhood. One morning he suddenly noticed motor weakness of the left upper and lower extremities and was transferred to our hospital. On admission we observed the left hemiparesis (MMT 3/5), the left central type facial palsy, and the left long tract signs. Physical examination disclosed frontal bossing, depression of the forehead, sloped shoulders, cone-shaped thorax, and thoracic scoliosis. Plain skull radiograph showed persistent metopic suture and frontal fontanelle, many wormian bones around coronal and lambdoid sutures. Plain radiographs of the systemic bones also showed typical features of CCD such as dysplasia of the lateral third of the bilateral clavicles, deformities of the cervical vertebral bodies, thoracic scoliosis, and wide symphysis. CT scan disclosed the right putaminal hemorrhage, the right temporal arachnoid cyst, enlargement of the right middle fossa, thinning of the temporal bone adjacent to the arachnoid cyst. It also showed the atrophy of the right cerebral peduncle and midbrain. Surgical treatment was performed to remove the hematoma and release the cyst. Several neurological disorders associated with CCD have been reported such as epilepsy, mental retardation, spastic paresis etc.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Arachnoid↗