Fluorescein PAGE analysis of microsatellite-primed PCR: a fast and efficient approach for genomic fingerprinting.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
DNA Fingerprinting↗
Biomedical subjects
J Huang
Publications and source records attributed to J Huang.
Field dependence versus field independence of students with and without learning disabilities.
The Group Embedded Figures Test of Oltman, Raskin, and Witkin was administered to 60 high school students (30 with learning disabilities and 30 without learning disabilities) to measure their cognitive styles of field dependence versus field independence. The analysis showed that the students with learning disabilities scored as more field dependent than those without learning disabilities.
Adolescent↗
An approach to proteomic analysis of human tumors.
A strategy for proteomic analysis of microdissected cells derived from human tumor specimens is described and demonstrated by using esophageal cancer as an example. Normal squamous epithelium and corresponding tumor cells from two patients were procured by laser-capture microdissection and studied by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE). Fifty thousand cells resolved approximately 675 distinct proteins (or isoforms) with molecular weights ranging between 10 and 200 kDa and isoelectric points of pH 3-10. Comparison of the microdissected protein profiles showed a high degree of similarity between the matched normal-tumor samples (98% identical). However, 17 proteins showed tumor-specific alterations, including 10 that were uniquely present in the tumors and seven that were observed only in the normal epithelium. Two of the altered proteins were characterized by mass spectrometry and immunoblot analysis and were identified as cytokeratin 1 and annexin I. Acquisition of 2D-PAGE protein profiles, visualization of disregulated proteins, and subsequent determination of the identity of selected proteins through high-sensitivity MS-MS microsequencing are possible from microdissected cell populations. These separation and analytical techniques are uniquely capable of detecting tumor-specific alterations. Continued refinement of techniques and methodologies to determine the abundance and status of proteins in vivo holds great promise for future study of normal cells and associated neoplasms. Mol.
Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional↗
Survival of colorectal cancer patients in Singapore by anatomic subsite: a population-based study.
INTRODUCTION: Studies of the prognostic value of anatomic subsite in colorectal cancer survival have yielded conflicting results. Two explanations for possible differences in survival patterns between proximal and distal lesions in the colorectum are biological difference between subsites and the presence of more early-stage lesions in distal than in proximal large bowel. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 435 cases with proximal lesions and an equal number with distal lesions diagnosed between 1990 and 1992 were randomly selected from the Singapore Cancer Registry. Information on vital status at 31 December 1996 were obtained by computerised matching with data from the National Registry of Births and Deaths. RESULTS: Persons with proximal cancers in our study population did not present at a later stage than persons with distal cancer, local lesions (Dukes' Stage A + B) being 45.5% and 45.1%, respectively. Our analysis showed no significant differences in survival between subsites on a stage-for-stage basis. The 5-year survival rates were 42% and 44% for proximal and distal lesions, respectively (median survival times 3.98 and 4.27 years). Stage at diagnosis was the strongest predictor of survival. Among proximal lesions, 5-year survival rates were 57%, 36% and 12% for local, regional and metastatic lesions, respectively. The corresponding figures for the distal group were 65%, 37% and 10%. Age at diagnosis had a significant influence on survival. CONCLUSIONS: Our results, based on population-based figures on survival of colorectal cancer patients where the impact of screening has not been large, do not support an independent influence of anatomic subsite in predicting survival of colorectal cancer.
Adult↗
The value of serum GPDA-F for the diagnosis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of glycylproline dipeptidyl aminopeptidase isoenzymes in the diagnosis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC). METHODS: We developed a stage gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis system to separate serum GPDA isoenzymes. Total GPDA activities, alpha-fetoprotein, the sizes of tumors and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities were also measured simultaneously and the correlation between GPDA-F and these indices was analyzed. RESULTS: Serum GPDA was separated into two bands, namely fast band (GPDA-F) and slow band (GPDA-S). GPDA-F was negative in all healthy persons as well as in the patients with benign liver filling defects, while it was positive in 85.3% cases of PHC. Liver cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis, extrahepatic carcinoma and metastatic liver carcinoma had low positive rates. GPDA-F was positively correlated with serum total GPDA activities, but had no correlation with AFP and size of the tumors. There was the correlation between GPDA-F and ALT in benign liver diseases, but no correlation between GPDA-F and ALT in PHC. Serial measurements of serum GPDA-F showed that GPDA-F was persistently positive in PHC but might change into negative in benign liver diseases. Dynamic determination of GPDA-F might be helpful to differentiate true positive of PHC from false positive of benign liver diseases. CONCLUSION: GPDA-F is a new serum marker of PHC. Measurement of serum GPDA-F is of value for the diagnosis of PHC, especially for those at early stage or with negative AFP.
Alanine Transaminase↗
[Acoustic reflection technique].
Acoustic reflection technique has been employed to assess the pharyngeal cross-sectional area in sleep apnea patients. It has the advantage of being noninvasive and quick, and it also allows for continuous evaluation of the patency of these regions. The technique, however, has never been used during sleep because of its restrictions. This issue overlook the recent progress of the technique, i.e., the newly developed nasal acoustic reflection technique which enabled us to assess the pharyngeal cross-sectional area during sleep. Application of this technique includes a method of determining the site of pharyngeal occlusion, a method of evaluating the efficiency of various therapeutic methods of sleep apnea, and a method of measuring the upper airway collapsibility during sleep.
Acoustics↗
The cell and molecular biology of apoptosis in T-lymphocytes.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Apoptosis↗
[Studies on expression and function of human membrane cofactor protein in NIH3T3 cells].
One recombinant human membrane cofactor protein (MCP) expression plasmid pcDNA3 MCP was constructed. After transfected into NIH3T3 cells with calcium phosphate-DNA precipitate method, the expression clones were obtained by G418 selection. To determine whether MCP generated on heterologous cells by cDNA transfection retains its capacity to inhibit human complement, NIH3T3 cells transfected with MCP cDNA were incubated with human serum as well as guinea pig, rabbit serum. Under identical conditions, the control cells transfected with pcDNA3 vector were completely lysed by human serum but the cells transfected with MCP were barely lysed. However, the cells transfected with MCP were lysed by guinea pig and rabbit serum complement as the same extent as control cells.
3T3 Cells↗
Prevention of arterial thrombosis by intravenously administered platelet P2T receptor antagonist AR-C69931MX in a canine model.
P2Y1, P2X1, and P2T receptors mediate ADP-induced platelet aggregation. The antithrombotic effects of AR-C69931MX (N6-[2-methylthio)ethyl]-2-[3,3,3-trifluoropropylthio]-5'-adenylic acid, monoanhydride with dichloromethylenebiphosphonic acid), a selective P2T platelet receptor antagonist, was assessed in a canine model of arterial thrombosis. Placebo or AR-C69931MX (4.0 microg/kg/min for 6 h) pretreatment was administered as an intravenous infusion beginning 15 min before inducing vessel wall injury. A 300-microA anodal current was applied to the intima of the carotid artery for 180 min or discontinued 30 min after cessation of blood flow due to thrombus formation. Each of five control animals developed occlusive thrombi within 3 h after induction of vessel wall injury. In contrast, carotid artery blood flow in five of six AR-C69931MX-treated animals was maintained for the duration of the protocol. Ex vivo platelet aggregation in response to adenosine diphosphate was inhibited at the first measurement time point of 75 min after the start of drug infusion and remained inhibited during drug administration. Bleeding time values were increased in the drug-treated group. Values for both the ex vivo platelet aggregation and the bleeding times returned to control values shortly after discontinuation of AR-C69931MX. The results indicate that AR-C69931MX antagonizes the ex vivo and in vivo aggregatory actions of ADP, and displays a rapid onset and offset of action with the ability to prevent occlusive arterial thrombus formation. AR-C69931MX may be suitable for the management of patients who require short-term modulation of platelet function.
Adenosine Diphosphate↗
Postischemic cerebrovascular E-selectin expression mediates tissue injury in murine stroke.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although the deleterious role of several proinflammatory mediators, including P-selectin, in reperfused stroke is well established, the role of E-selectin has not been fully characterized. METHODS: E-selectin mRNA expression was studied at 4, 10, and 24 hours after reperfusion with reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction in mice (n=18) subjected to transient intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Mice received intravenous injection with anti-E-selectin monoclonal antibody (10, 35, or 50 microg), nonimmune IgG, or vehicle immediately before MCAO and 90 minutes later (n=85). Others received anti-E-selectin antibody 3 or 6 hours after MCAO (n=32). Myeloperoxidase activity was measured in sham-operated mice and after 10 hours of reperfusion in saline-, nonimmune IgG-, or anti-E-selectin IgG-treated cohorts (n=17). Serial cerebral blood flow was measured with laser-Doppler flowmetry, and outcomes were assessed by neurological deficits and infarct volumes with the use of planimetric analysis of triphenyltetrazolium chloride-stained sections. RESULTS: Upregulated E-selectin expression occurred in the ischemic cerebral vasculature within 4 hours of reperfusion and persisted for 24 hours. Anti-E-selectin antibody increased ischemic cortical cerebral blood flow up to 2.6-fold (P:<0.05). In addition to dose-dependent reductions in neurological deficits (P:<0.05), mortality, and infarct volumes (P:<0.01 for 35 and 50 microg), anti-E-selectin treatment reduced cerebral neutrophil accumulation (P:<0.05) and was neuroprotective even if delayed until 3 hours after ischemia (P:<0. 05). CONCLUSIONS: These findings establish a functional role for E-selectin in the pathogenesis of tissue injury after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion and suggest that E-selectin blockade may be clinically useful in the treatment of reperfused stroke.
Animals↗
Humalog Mix25 offers better mealtime glycemic control in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes.
To compare the postprandial glucodynamics of Humalog Mix25, (Humalog Mix75/25 in the US; Mix25), to human insulin 30/70 (Humulin 70/30 in the US; 30/70) in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Ninety-three patients with type 1 diabetes and 84 patients with type 2 diabetes were evaluated in two separate but identical protocols using a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, crossover design. Patients consumed test meals 5 minutes after equal doses of Mix25 or 30/70. Plasma glucose was measured at baseline and 15 minute intervals for 4 hours after the meal. Two-hour postprandial glucose (2pp), 2-hour glucose excursion (2pp(ex) ), glucose versus time area under the curve 0 to 4 hours (AUC(0-4) ) and glucose excursion area under the curve 0 to 2 and 0 to 4 hours (AUCex(0-2), AUCex(0-4) ) were calculated. For the combined patient population, Mix25 resulted in significantly lower 2pp (12.45 +/- 3.59 vs. 13.47 +/- 3.62 mmol/L; p <0.001), AUC(0-4) (44.45 +/- 12.20 vs. 47.25 +/- 11.97 mmol x h/L; p <0.001), and glucose excursion parameters: 2pp(ex) (3.20 +/- 2.72 vs. 4.40 +/- 2.81 mmol/L; p <0.001), AUCex(0-2) (5.45 +/- 3.15 vs 6.60 +/- 3.13 mmol x h/L; p <0.001), and AUCex(0-4) (7.57 +/- 8.37 vs. 11.02 +/- 8.47 mmol x h/L; p <0.001) compared to 30/70. Further analysis of the treatment by type of diabetes indicated that Mix25 provided nearly identical glucose excursion responses in type 1 and type 2 diabetes up to 2 hours after the test meal, in contrast to 30/70. Pre-meal injection of Mix25 resulted in lower postprandial blood glucose levels compared to 30/70. The postprandial blood glucose response following Mix25 was similar in patients with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes.
Adult↗
[In vitro study of C3a des Arg produced by plasma incubation with blood purification materials].
This study was performed to evaluate the degree of complement C3 activation of five biomedical polymers (cellulose acetate (CA), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polysulphone (PS), polyethersulphone (PES), sulphonated polyethersulphone(PES-SO3) which are used to make hemofilters. The concentration of the activation derivative C3a des Arg was measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in human plasma after incubation with these five polymers for 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes. The experimental results indicated that the presence of polymers caused an increase in C3a des Arg. The potential to activate complement C3 decreased in sequence of CA, PMMA, PES, PS and PES-SO3. CA activated the most complement C3. PES-SO3 activated the least complement C3, and the concentration of C3a des Arg decreased with the increase in sulphonation degree. The investigation demonstrates that with good biocompatibility PES is a promising material to make biocompatible hemofilters. Furthermore, it indicates that PES containing sulphonate groups can achieve a marked reduction in complement activation and supports the sulphonation as a means of improving the biocompatibility of PES for blood purification application. RIA is a reliable and precise quantitative determination of human C3a des Arg and is suitable for testing the activation of complement of various synthetic materials that are utilized or to be utilized in the medical field.
Complement Activation↗
[Treatment of superior vena cava syndrome in cancer patients with intravascular stent and local thrombolysis].
OBJECTIVE: To study the therapentic efficacy of using intravascular stent and local thrombolysis for superior vena cava syndrome(SVCS) in cancer patients. METHODS: Among 26 cancer patients with SVCS there were 17 cases of lung cancer with mediastinal lymphnode metastases, 5 cases of malignant mediastinal tumor, 2 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, 2 cases of esophageal carcinoma with mediastinal lymphnode metastases. Through femoral vein, a catheter with side holes was introduced up to the superior vena cava. Following local dripping of urokinase for 20-40 min, the obstructed region was distended with the inflated balloon and then a self-expanding stent was put in the inflated region. RESULTS: The procedure was successful in 24 patients, but failed in 2 cases because the guide wire could not pass through the obstructed region. In 3 patients with superior vena cava stenosis of 10 cm in length, two stents were used. In the other 21 patients, 1 stent was adequate. Local thrombolytic treatment was given in 24 patients before the angioplastic balloon was inflated. The vena caval pressure at the distal end of the stenotic lesion dropped from 21.23 +/- 1.80 mm Hg before treatment to 5.33 +/- 0.98 mm Hg after treatment. The difference was statistically significant. Collateral veins were no longer filled by contrast after treatment. The caliber of the supericar vena cava restored to normal and its outline was smooth. The symptoms of SVCS subsided after treatment in 2-3 days. CONCLUSION: Intravascular, self-expandable stent combined with local thrombolysis is a micro-invasive and effective method of treatment for cancer patients with superior vena cava syndrome.
Adult↗
[Photochemical immobilization--a new approach to surface modification of medical polymer materials].
The present paper reviews the approach of surface modification of medical polymer materials-photochemical immobilization. The approach is dramatically different from any other surface modification process available for medical materials. The topics include the principle of photochemical immobilization, the fundamental classification photoreactive groups and the typical applications of photochemical surface modification.
Biocompatible Materials↗
[Epidemiological analysis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Shanghai].
OBJECTIVES: To find out the epidemiological characteristics of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in Shanghai, and to explore value of this surveillance. METHODS: Distribution of extrapulmonary TB for sex, age and suffering site 1996-1999 were analyzed. In addition, its incidence trend and mortality were also investigated. All registered cases from ten urban districts of Shanghai were included. RESULTS: The new registration rates of extrapulmonary TB 1996-1999 were 4.65-5.78/100,000. The proportion of extrapulmonary TB to all TB was 9.7%-11.8%. The extrapulmonary TB accounted for 14.1%-17.6% of all death due to TB. The rankings of extrapulmonary TB were as follows: lymph node TB (38.3%), bone and joint TB (19.9%), urinary and genital TB (16.7%), intestine and peritoneum TB (9.1%), cerebral and nervous TB (6.4%). The sex ratio of male to female was 1 to 1.35. The new registration rates of extrapulmonary TB increased with age except that of cerebral and nervous TB was the highest in middle and young age group. CONCLUSIONS: Surveillance on extrapulmonary TB is an important part of TB surveillance, with significant value for TB control.
Age of Onset↗
[Expanded extra-long fascia flap in the trapezius region for repair of scar contracture of the neck].
OBJECTIVE: In order to gain a larger fascia flap in the trapezius region and to close the donor site easily and primarily. METHODS: We applied tissue expansion to form the expanded extra-long trapezius fascia flap. RESULTS: The flap was used to repair the neck scar contracture with satisfactory effects. CONCLUSIONS: The flap is very useful for patients who have a large burned defect and are short of donor sites, especially the children.
Adolescent↗
Effect of valsartan and fosinopril on catecholamine-induced cardiac hypertrophy.
AIM: To study the influence of angiotensin (Ang) II receptor antagonist (AT1) valsartan and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor fosinopril on the cardiac hypertrophy induced by catecholamine. METHODS: A cardiac hypertrophy model was produced by i.p. norepinephrine (NE) 1.5 mg.kg-1.d-1 x 15 d. The animals were divided into four groups: 1) control (sodium chloride), 2) NE, 3) NE + fosinopril, 4) NE + valsartan. Fosinopril ig 15 mg.kg-1.d-1 x 15 d, valsartan ig 30 mg.kg-1.d-1 x 15 d. RESULTS: Valsartan ig 30 mg.kg-1.d-1 x 15 d and fosinopril ig 15 mg.kg-1.d-1 x 15 d prevented left ventricular hypertrophy induced by NE and decreased the content of collagen in myocardium; valsartan and fosinopril both elevated the myosin ATPase activity, Na+, K(+)-ATPase activity in membrane, and Ca(2+)-ATPase activity in mitochondrias. Apoptosis was induced in cardiomyocytes by catecholamine. Valsartan and fosinopril both inhibited apoptosis, and no significant differences were found in the apoptotic index between the two treatment groups. CONCLUSION: Valsartan and fosinopril prevent the remodeling of cardiac hypertrophy induced by norepinephrine. Cardiac myocyte apoptosis may play a key role in the heart remodeling.
Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists↗
Evidence of apoptotic smooth muscle cells in proliferative intima of injured arteries.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the occurrence and extent of apoptosis in the course of restenosis. METHODS: The experimental models of vessel narrowness and intima thickness were established in minipigs' iliac arteries by balloon injury and specimens were retrieved on the 1st, 3rd, 6th, 12th and 30th days for dynamic observation. Apoptotic smooth muscle cells (SMCs) were detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL). RESULTS: Apoptotic SMCs occurred only in the thickened intima 12 days after injury accompanied with the proliferative SMCs, the percentage of apoptosis was 1.94% +/- 0.42% on the 12th day and 1.36% +/- 0.31% on the 30th day respectively. The low frequency of apoptosis compared with the proliferative SMCs was a feature in the restenotic pathology. CONCLUSIONS: Apoptosis participates in the pathogenetic process of intimal thickening and its level was low compared with proliferation. The findings suggest that attempts to modulate apoptosis after vessel injury constitute a theoretical approach to the prevention of restenosis.
Animals↗