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Biomedical subjects

J Haller

Publications and source records attributed to J Haller.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Sonography of the scrotal contents].

In 394 patients with various urological symptoms, the content of the scrotum was examined sonographically. 71 testicular lesions were found, 194 extratesticular pathologies were diagnosed. In 69% the enlargement of the testicle was due to a tumor, in 4 patients due to acute orchitis and in 3 patients due to acute torsion. An unilateral smaller sized testicle was found in chronic inflammation [5], cryptorchism [9], hypoplastic testicle [2] and after corticoid medication [1] and radiation therapy [1]. In normal sized testicles 8 tumors, 19 fibromas of the tunica albuginea, 2 scars after trauma and 1 haematoma were found sonographically. In 91% of patients with epididymitis the epididymis was enlarged. The echo structure was altered in 74%, in 13% abscesses were found. Sonography was useful in evaluation of scrotal herniation, especially when combined with hydroceles. Varicoceles were better detected and graduated by sonography than by clinical examination.

Genital Diseases, Male↗
PubMed1987

[Analysis of errors in imaging diagnosis of varicocele. Duplex sonography, plate thermography and phlebography].

Comparative investigations were done by duplex sonography, thermography and phlebography in 142 patients with 158 varicoceles. Verification of clinical varicoceles (130/158) was performed by duplex sonography in all cases and by thermography in 93%. Measurement errors were due to dorsally located varicoceles near the radix of the penis (3/130) and by small, two-sided varicoceles (6/130). Small subclinical varicoceles (28/158) were detected by real-time sonography in 89%, by Doppler sonography in 64%, and by thermography in 53%. In three patients with normal real-time sonography, subclinical varicoceles were found by Doppler sonography alone. The combination of both sonographic methods is highly sensitive for the detection of subclinical varicoceles and should be done in all cases without therapeutic results.

Humans↗
PubMed1986

[High-resolution realtime sonography of varicoceles].

An attempt has been made to classify varicoceles by means of real time sonography in accordance with the findings on palpation. The maximal diameter of the pampiniform plexus and of individual veins was determined sonographically and compared with the results of palpation in 74 patients with varicoceles. The sonographic findings are more accurate than is palpation. Fifteen subclinical varicoceles were discovered by sonography which could not be detected by palpation. It has been found convenient to classify the lesions in four sonographic stages. Maximal transverse diameter of the pampiniform plexus up to one centimetre is regarded as normal. A diameter of one to two centimetres corresponds to grade I, two to three centimetres corresponds to grade II and greater than three centimetres to grade III.

Humans↗
PubMed1986

[Real-time sonography in extranodal lymphoma].

Sonography is the primary imaging method for staging malignant lymphomas. The accuracy of sonography in diagnosing hepatic and splenic involvement was examined in 132 histologically proven cases. Focal involvement was differentiated from diffuse lymphoma. The value of sonography is discussed with reference to cases showing involvement of the gastro-intestinal tract, kidneys, suprarenals, pancreas, testes, breast, thyroid, parotid and muscle.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1986

[Pulsed duplex sonographic follow-up of varicoceles following sclerotherapy].

Forty-one patients were examined by pulsed duplex sonography immediately before and then one, four and twelve weeks following sclerotherapy of a varicocele. The severity of the varicocele was determined by sonography before treatment and confirmed by phlebography. Sonographic follow-up showed reduction, or disappearance, of the varicocele in 78% of cases. Doppler examination confirmed successful treatment in 85% of patients. Pulsed duplex sonography, combining a non-invasive imaging method and a functional technique, is well suited for the follow-up of varicoceles after treatment.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed1985

[Determination of extravascular lung water in critical patients: comparison with radiological, hemodynamic and functional lung findings].

Measurement of extravascular lung water (EVLW) was performed by the thermal-dye technique in 55 critically ill patients. The EVLW values were compared with the corresponding radiographic, hemodynamic and functional pulmonary data. EVLW values revealed a positive correlation with the chest X-ray score (CXR) (r = 0.836; p less than 0.001), mean pulmonary artery pressure (PP) (r = 0.414; p less than 0.01), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) (r = 0.353; p less than 0.01), venous admixture (Qs/Qt) (r = 0.288; p less than 0.05), and alveo-arterial oxygen difference/fraction of inspired oxygen (AaDO2/FiO2) (r = 0.441; p less than 0.001). No correlation was found between EVLW values and colloid-osmotic pressure minus PCWP (COP-PCWP) (r = 0.221). Though different positive correlations between EVLW values and these parameters were found, they cannot replace EVLW measurement. Rather, EVLW measurement provides additional information on the degree of pulmonary edema which is useful in differentiating between cardiac and non-cardiac pulmonary edema and in states of radiologic over- or underestimation of EVLW.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Seizures in children with meningomyelocele.

The charts of 111 children with meningomyelocele were reviewed. Ninety-eight had shunted hydrocephalus. Twenty-five of 111 children (24 of 98 children with shunts) had seizures. Age at onset and type of seizure varied. Brain malformation (other than Arnold-Chiari), shunt infection, and perhaps number of shunt revisions were important risk factors in seizure development. The children with seizures were more likely to be developmentally delayed.

Anticonvulsants↗
PubMed1985

Chronic changes in male rats' hormone-sensitive systems after suprathreshold pulses of testosterone.

Adult male rats were castrated and maintained on daily SC injections of a threshold amount (200 micrograms) of testosterone propionate (TP). To mimic naturally occurring pulses of suprathreshold testicular hormones in intact males, animals in the experimental groups also received either one (single TP) or five (multiple TP) injections of 800 micrograms TP over 12 days. The rats were examined on the following day (acute) or 15 days later (chronic) for changes in hormone-sensitive behavior, physiology, and morphology. The hypothesis tested was that the hormonal pulses function to provoke chronic changes in substrates underlying the reproductive system. The results were that multiple doses of suprathreshold TP provoked acute modifications in aggressive behavior, sex accessory glands, and glans penis integrity. Chronic changes were observed in sex accessory gland functioning and penile morphology, particularly in the size of penile papillae. A single exposure to suprathreshold TP was considerably less effective, though there was some evidence of acute changes in sex accessory glands and chronic changes in penile papillae. There was substantial variation in the responses of individual animals, particularly the chronic responses. The data were interpreted as supporting the hypothesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Strategies for the radiologic management of genitourinary trauma.

The imaging evaluation of the patient with genitourinary injuries must be tailored to provide accurate and clinically relevant data that can be used to make treatment decisions. This radiologic evaluation should consider the patient's hemodynamic status, the mechanism of injury, and the possible associated injuries.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1985

[Bedside chest x-rays and extravascular lung water determination in intensive care patients].

Radiological staging of pulmonary oedema was compared with the determination of extra-vascular lung water by means of a double indicator dilution technique. One hundred and forty-six ward chest radiographs were evaluated and compared with the results of simultaneous measurements of lung water. Seventy-seven cases could be evaluated statistically. Chest x-rays regarded as normal corresponded to extra-vascular lung water of 5 to 9 ml./kg. body weight. Interstitial oedema (radiological stage I and II) corresponded to extravascular lung water levels of 8 to 12 ml./kg. Differentiation of stages I and II was not possible. During stage III, extra-vascular lung water was 15 to 21 ml./kg. A comparative analyses of these findings revealed a discrepancy of 34%. The reasons for this are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Sonography of the thyroid gland with high-resolution real-time equipment].

The results of sonography of thyroid glands in 131 patients were compared with the findings on palpation and from scintigrams. High resolution sonography is the most accurate method of examination for demonstrating changes in the thyroid. In 40% cases sonography demonstrated lesions additional to the single abnormality found clinically. In 10% cases a suspected thyroid abnormality on palpation proved to be due to extra thyroid disease. Evaluation of the number, size and localisation of space-occupying lesions by means of sonography is superior to all other kinds of investigation. It is, however, not possible to determine whether a lesion is benign. An attempt has been made to define the usefulness of thyroid sonography and its place during routine diagnosis.

Female↗
PubMed1985

Copulation induces an acute increase in epididymal sperm numbers in rats.

The temporal changes in epididymal sperm numbers during the month after sexual contact were examined in 80 adult albino rats. The comparably sexually experienced males in 6 experimental groups were allowed 3 ejaculations with ovariectomized females in which oestrus was induced by hormone injections. Epididymides were removed from the experimental males 1 h, 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 7 days or 30 days later. Control males were sexually inexperienced or sexually experienced and living with females. Epididymal sperm counts revealed a pattern that resembled an inverted V-shaped function with a peak at 48 h after copulation. We suggest that sexual activity provokes an acute attenuation of sperm disposal within the epididymis with the result that more spermatozoa are available for ejaculation during sexually active times.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Nonvisualization of the gallbladder lumen by sonography].

Out of 12 000 sonographic examinations of the abdomen in 211 cases the gallbladder was not visualized. The retrospective analysis of 41 patients revealed in 75% gallstones, in 15% space occupying lesions (4 carcinomas, 1 abscess, 1 sludge). In 10% the sonography gave a false positive result. The reasons are discussed.

Abscess↗
PubMed1984

[Sonography and scintigraphy in the differential diagnosis of diffuse liver parenchymal diseases].

70 patients with established diffuse liver disease (steatosis, fibrosis, cirrhosis) were investigated by sonography and scintigraphy. Sonographic parenchymal morphology and scintigraphic activity pattern were correlated with the histological diagnosis. Scintigraphy as a functional diagnostic technique revealed early fibrotic changes of the liver not seen by ultrasound. Cirrhosis could be demonstrated equally by both methods. The two major advances of ultrasound were: high accuracy in steatosis and ability of simultaneous analysis of the other abdominal organs.

Celiac Disease↗
PubMed1984

Bedside estimation of extravascular lung water in critically ill patients: comparison of the chest radiograph and the thermal dye technique.

Extravascular lung water (EVLW) was estimated in 53 critically ill patients by the chest radiograph (CXR) and the thermal dye technique. The comparison between these two methods revealed a direct and positive correlation (r = 0.83, p less than 0.001). However, EVLW-values obtained by the thermal dye technique showed considerable overlap between cases of radiographic low grade pulmonary edema and we were able to identify several reasons for radiographic over- or underestimation of EVLW. In these patients EVLW-measurement by the thermal dye technique provides additional information, thereby probably influencing further treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Conspecific urine marking in male-female pairs of laboratory rats.

Male-female pairs of rats were observed during social interactions for conspecific markings where an animal deposits urine on the body of a second animal. Injections of sodium fluorescein were used to change urinary color and provide a visible mark on the back of a conspecific. The general hypothesis tested in the three experiments was that a female would mark males differently dependent upon her hormonal status and upon the relative hormonal integrity of the males. Results of Experiment 1 were that males marked females more frequently than vice versa and female marking decreased during her estrus. Moreover, a diestrous female marked an aggressive male more than she marked a non-aggressive male (Experiment 2), and a diestrous female marked a castrated male receiving 800 micrograms testosterone propionate (TP) injections more copiously than she marked a castrated male receiving 200 micrograms TP injections (Experiment 3). Finally, aggressive and non-aggressive males marked females similarly, though the 800 micrograms TP males marked females more than the 200 micrograms TP males. These data were compared with findings from research on environmental marking in rodents, and an hypothesis was suggested that female rats use conspecific marking to identify and select males with preferred behavioral and endocrine characteristics.

Aggression↗
PubMed1984

Lung perforation by nasogastric feeding tubes.

Endotracheal misdirection of narrow bore nasogastric feeding tubes resulted in perforation of the lung, pneumothorax and hydrothorax in two intensive care patients. Both were intubated with cuffed endotracheal low pressure tubes, one patient was on respirator therapy with neuromuscular relaxation. Feeding tubes were inserted by experienced personnel with the assistance of a steel stylet without difficulties. Aspiration of fluid was misinterpreted as proof of correct positioning, the liquid being however pleural effusion and not gastric juice. Similarly auscultation of gurgling sounds in the upper epigastrium was not a reliable sign of intragastric position. Insertion of nasoenteric feeding tubes may be complicated by perforation of the upper gastrointestinal tract and lung in poorly responsive patients with cuffed endotracheal devices during neuromuscular blockage. In these patients a laryngoscope and forceps should be used to ensure free passage of the tube into the oesophagus. Röntgenographic confirmation of correct positioning of the tube immediately after insertion is mandatory.

Journal Article↗