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Biomedical subjects

J H Price

Publications and source records attributed to J H Price.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

High school students' perceptions and misperceptions of AIDS.

This study examines the knowledge, beliefs, and sources of information of junior and senior high school students concerning AIDS. The students were found to have a very limited knowledge of AIDS. Males were more knowledgeable about AIDS than were females, but the majority of students were not personally worried about contracting AIDS. The primary sources of AIDS information were TV, newspapers, magazines, and radio. Schools were one of the least often mentioned sources of information.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1985

An empirical test of a cognitive social learning model for stress moderation with junior high school students.

A cognitive social learning model for stress moderation with junior high school students is described. Portions of the model were tested using 531 seventh and eighth grade students. Higher stress levels were found for younger students, white students, females, and those with more upsetting life events. The stress levels did not appear to be moderated by health locus of control. Type A personality, or knowledge about stress. Further research is needed to test additional components of the model.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Development of a short obesity knowledge scale using four different response formats.

This study examined the validity and reliability of a short obesity knowledge scale. A 12-item test was developed around the four aspects of obesity: etiology of obesity; diseases related to obesity; weight loss techniques; and general information on obesity. Four forms were developed: true/false, true/false/uncertain, multiple choice, and Likert response. Comparisons of the four test formats with 187 subjects revealed a variety of internal reliabilities, stability reliabilities, item discriminations, and readability scores.

Female↗
PubMed1985

Utilizing the health belief model to predict dieting and exercising behavior of obese and nonobese adolescents.

This study was undertaken to explain dieting and exercising behavior of obese and nonobese adolescents as measured by the elements of the Health Belief Model (HBM). An elicitation questionnaire was used to determine salient beliefs about dieting, exercising, and obesity for each of the major components of the HBM. The Health Belief Model questionnaire, developed from the elicited salient beliefs, contained items employed to measure attitudes towards obesity and exercise, knowledge of obesity and exercise, weight locus of control, and beliefs and evaluations about obesity and exercise. Discriminant analysis and stepwise discriminant analysis were employed in the data analysis of the 69 obese and 100 nonobese HBM respondents to determine the relative importance of the investigated factors in predicting obesity. It was found that benefits of dieting was the most powerful predictor of dieting behavior for the obese adolescents, whereas susceptibility to the causes of obesity best explained present dieting behavior of nonobese adolescents. Exercising behavior of obese teenagers was best explained by cues to exercising. No HBM variables were significant in predicting exercising behavior of nonobese adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Health locus of control and voluntary use of seat belts among high school students.

An 18-item Multidimensional Health Locus of Control scale published by Wallston, Wallston, and DeVellis in 1978 was given to 124 high school students, 59 of whom wore seat belts and 65 of whom did not. It was hypothesized that nonseat-belt wearers were more likely to be externally oriented than seat-belt wearers but this was not confirmed. Strong scoring internal subjects were not found in this sample of students.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Health locus of control of joggers and nonexercisers.

To gain a better understanding of why some people engage in regular leisure-time physical exercise while others remain sedentary, the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control scale was distributed to 123 younger joggers and 93 nonexercisers. Analysis of the responses indicated that the joggers scored significantly higher on the internal subscale than did the nonexercisers. No significant differences were found on the Chance and Powerful Others subscales. The disparity of these results from those of other studies of the relationship between locus of control and exercise suggest that an exercise specific locus of control scale needs to be developed. The confound of age with exercise and locus of control requires clarification.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Perceptions of educational needs for patients after myocardial infarction.

Twelve physicians, 33 nurses, and 30 patients completed questionnaires to elicit similarities and differences in perceptions of educational needs of post-myocardial infarction (MI) patients. Results, using chi-square analysis, indicated that the three groups generally agreed upon which areas should be included in education programs for such patients. The topics rated most important by all three groups were: "knowing the signs and symptoms of a heart attack"; "knowing how to modify or change personal risk factors"; "knowing the names, dosages, and side effects of medications"; and "knowing personal risk factors." Congruence of perceived educational needs of post-MI patients should not be misconstrued to mean that an educational needs assessment for these patients is not necessary.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1984

Diabetic retinopathy in pregnancy.

The records of 23 insulin-dependent diabetics who had serial ophthalmological examinations during pregnancy and afterwards were reviewed. Fourteen pregnancies occurred in 10 patients with no retinopathy; 30% of these patients had obstetric complications. The mean birthweight was 3.5 kg. Ophthalmological status was unchanged in this group. In eight patients with background retinopathy during 10 pregnancies the obstetric complication rate was 70% and mean birthweight 3.3 kg. During pregnancy there was no evidence of progression of retinopathy. One patient developed proliferative retinopathy 4 years later. Five patients had proliferative retinopathy. The mean age (32 years) and duration of diabetes at index pregnancy (18 years) was greater than for the other groups. All patients developed pre-eclampsia and mean birthweight was 2.8 kg. Four of these patients required argon laser photocoagulation in association with pregnancy for progressive retinopathy; one died subsequently from end-stage diabetic nephropathy; the other four have maintained their pre-pregnancy visual acuity from 4 to 10 years.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The public's perceptions and misperceptions of arthritis.

A telephone survey of a random sample of 300 respondents indicated that the respondents relied mainly on the mass media for their information about arthritis. Almost half of the respondents believed arthritis could be caused by "poor diet" or "cold, wet climates." Furthermore, quack or unproven "treatment" for arthritis, such as bee venom (83%), vitamins (76%), copper bracelets (74%), special diets (57%), and DMSO (54%) were all supported by more than half of the respondents. However, a followup to the random survey, using only diagnosed arthritis patients as respondents, did not reveal as high a level of actual use of unproven treatments. Numerous factors were found which imply that the lay public is not as well informed about arthritis as arthritis patients are, and that sustained, community-wide educational efforts about arthritis are greatly needed.

Arthritis↗
PubMed1983

Effect of the suppository base on progesterone delivery from the vagina.

Inadequate levels of circulating progesterone (P) seen in clinical practice can be increased by P supplementation. When supplementation is via the vaginal route, its presentation may be in many different suppository bases. We have measured circulating P in the follicular phase to compare delivery from the vagina after P was presented in three different bases (glycerinated gelatin, cocoa butter, and polyethylene glycol). The mean peak level achieved and the area under the curve were highest after supplementation from polyethylene glycol-based suppositories. The duration of elevation above baseline was similar with all three suppositories. It is concluded that the suppository base is important in controlling the amount of this steroid absorbed from a given amount presented by this route.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Ethical theories for promoting health through behavioral change.

The various philosophical orientations for changing people's unhealthy behaviors are examined. The ethical theories of natural law, utilitarianism, paternalism and distributive justice are reviewed in relation to changing people's behaviors. Finally, the health educators' role in behavior change is examined and it is recommended that health educators may need to limit the conditions in which they intervene into the lives of others.

Behavior Control↗