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Biomedical subjects

J H Price

Publications and source records attributed to J H Price.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Black and white adolescents' perceptions of their weight.

Black and white adolescents' perceptions of their weight were examined in this study. A 22-item questionnaire on weight perceptions and weight control was administered to 341 adolescents from two inner city schools in the midwest (138 black and 193 white students). Students were classified as thin, normal, or heavy based on National Health Survey data on height and weight measurements for youth ages 12-17. Significant differences (p less than .05) occurred in how the heavy black and white males and females perceived their weight in comparison to actual weight. All heavy white females perceived they were heavy, in comparison to only 40% of heavy black females; 78% of heavy white males labeled themselves heavy vs. 36% of heavy black males. Thin black and white females were dieting and exercising to lose weight and thin white males were exercising to lose weight. Black males were significantly more likely to believe emotions did not affect their weight when compared to white males. Black females believed exercise levels accounted for their weight, while white females attributed their weight to eating habits. Beliefs about exercise and eating contributed 23% to the variance found in perceived weight status of black males. White males believed access to food and their emotions accounted for their perceived weight. Leading sources of weight control information regardless of ethnicity were television, family members, friends and magazines for females; males used TV, family members, and athletic coaches.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Nurses' perceptions regarding health care and the poor.

To assess hospital staff nurses' perceptions regarding the poor and their health care a total of 240 nurses were selected from 6 of 8 area hospitals to participate in the study (40 nurses from each institution). Of the 240 nurses selected, 192 nurses completed the questionnaire (80% return rate). The majority of the sample believed the poor were caught in a "cycle of poverty" (84%) which implies they believe the poor cannot help being poor. However, some of the nurses in this sample also held "victim blaming" attitudes, i.e., poor women become pregnant to collect welfare (58%), the poor live well on welfare (35%), and a person's poverty is due to advantages squandered (27%). About one-third of the nurses agreed poor patients do not receive equivalent quality of care when compared to nonpoor patients and that transferring patients to another hospital due to an inability to pay was very common. Ten percent agreed assisting the poor in becoming well was a waste of medical care as they would be back again soon with another problem. Over half the sample believed the poor were not likely to engage in preventive health behaviors (66%) nor be compliant with their medical regimens (52%). Such attitudes should be studied to see if they affect communication between the poor and their nurse caregivers.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Inflammatory cell infiltration and survival in squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva.

The prognostic significance of tumour infiltration by inflammatory cells in squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva was examined in a cohort of 34 patients surviving without recurrence for at least 5 years after radical surgery, and a comparative cohort of 35 patients who died of their diseases. Overall, heavy inflammatory infiltration correlated with a good prognosis and light infiltration with a poor one, independent of other indices such as differentiation, tumour size and nodal status. IgA-containing cell infiltration also correlated with a good prognosis but the presence of IgA-containing cells did not alone account for all the inflammation in the good prognosis group. An immunological response to the tumour may be influencing prognosis. At a practical level, the extent of inflammation appears, at least in this material, to be as useful a prognostic index as many more conventional ones.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Differences in black and white adolescents' perceptions about cancer.

This study determined if black and white adolescents differed significantly in cancer knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs. Using the Health Belief Model, a 97-item questionnaire was developed by the researchers and completed by 573 black and 297 white junior and senior high school students from a large, midwest school district. Chi-square analyses yielded nine significant differences (p less than .01) between blacks and whites on cancer knowledge (etiology, warning signs, and prevention techniques). Further significant differences were found when items comprising the separate Health Belief Model subscales were analyzed. Blacks and whites differed significantly on cues to action (one item), perceived susceptibility (two items), perceived severity (one item), perceived barriers (two items), perceived benefits (three items), and interpersonal relationships (three items). Blacks and whites received cancer information from the same sources, with the exception of books, which was reported more by blacks.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Perceptions of family practice residents regarding health care and poor patients.

The purpose of this study was to assess residents' beliefs about the poor. Residents from eight different Ohio residency programs completed the questionnaire (N = 130). No significant differences were found in beliefs about the poor based on resident age, year of residency training, size of the community in which the resident was raised, and percentage of low-socioeconomic-status patients cared for. Most residents perceived the welfare system as lacking; 83 percent agreed the poor are caught in a "cycle of poverty," 82 percent agreed welfare benefits cause the poor to be dependent upon the system, and 48 percent believed indigent women become pregnant and have babies so they can collect welfare support. Conversely, only one in four residents believed that most poor people become poor as a result of lack of effort on their part, and one in five believed that society is coddling the poor. The majority of residents believed that poor patients are more likely than others to miss appointments without canceling (73 percent), more likely to be late for appointments (51 percent), and less knowledgeable about their illnesses (80 percent). One in four residents believed that poor patients tend not to appreciate the work of physicians and nurses, and 43 percent claimed that the poor are more difficult patients. The majority of residents believed that the poor are unlikely to practice preventive health behaviors (72 percent) or to be compliant with their medical regimen (60 percent). Finally, 41 percent believed that poor patients usually care less than others about their own health status.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Black Americans' perceptions of cancer. A study utilizing the Health Belief Model.

The purpose of this study was to determine black adults' knowledge and perceptions of cancer by utilizing the Health Belief Model. The subjects were obtained by randomly selecting 11 churches from a list of 33. There were 769 black adults who responded to the survey (64 percent response rate). Mean age of respondents was 44.3 years, SD = 14.7. Only 29 percent were able to correctly identify all seven of the American Cancer Society warning signs; 13 percent were unable to identify any warning signs. One in four believed it was likely they would develop cancer sometime in their life, and 42 percent believed blacks were more susceptible to cancer than whites. Forty-one percent believed most people who get cancer will die from it. Perceived barriers to treatment included cost and pain. A large number of significant differences (P < .01) were found when responses were examined in relation to the sex, educational level, and age of the subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The missing children issue. A preliminary examination of fifth-grade students' perceptions.

We examined elementary students' beliefs, attitudes, and knowledge regarding the missing children issue. A 22-item questionnaire on missing children was distributed to a sample of 315 fifth-grade children in a large midwestern city. In ranking five concerns, 49% of the students ranked someone grabbing them as their primary concern. The students perceived themselves as susceptible to the problem of missing children and thought that it was a serious issue. Fifty-nine percent of the children were afraid to be friendly toward people they did not know, and 44% believed it was likely or highly likely that they would become missing children. The mass media was their leading source of information on missing children. Their level of knowledge regarding the issue was poor; the majority did not know who usually takes children, how many are taken, or what usually happens to missing children.

Attitude↗
PubMed1987

Measuring common public misperceptions about cancer.

A 32 item criterion-referenced knowledge questionnaire was developed to measure the level of common misperceptions about the nature of cancer and cancer treatments held by the public. A sample of 353 respondents were contacted and agreed to complete the questionnaire through a random telephone survey technique (Random Digit Dialing). An extensive analysis of the responses to the survey was performed and supported the validity and reliability of the instrument. Results of the survey indicate that the prevalence of misperceptions held by the public is high. The total mean score correct on the questionnaire was only 17.2 out of a possible 32. No differences were found for total mean score on the questionnaire based on the respondents' age, sex, or whether they or someone close to them had ever had cancer. Statistically significant differences, however, were found for the total mean score on the questionnaire based on the respondent's level of education and how they responded to two attitudinal questions on the questionnaire. The most prevalent misperceptions about cancer related to questions about side effects from the treatment for cancer, followed by questions about proven cancer treatments and unproven or quack cancer treatments. The least prevalent misperceptions about cancer related to questions about the nature of cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

AIDS: resource materials for school personnel.

The AIDS dilemma continues to escalate, leaving a legacy that probably will affect the nation for years to come. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control, the National Academy of Sciences, and the U.S. Surgeon General have noted that in the absence of a vaccine or treatment for AIDS, education remains the only effective means to prevent the spread of the disease. Thus, schools have an important role in protecting the public health. To respond appropriately to the situation, school personnel must become familiar with relevant information and resources available concerning AIDS. This article first provides essential information about AIDS using a question-and-answer format. Second, policy statements addressing school attendance by students infected with the virus that causes AIDS are presented. Third, hotlines that can be used to obtain more detailed information about AIDS are described. Fourth, organizations that can provide information for school health education about AIDS are identified. Fifth, an annotated list of audiovisual materials that schools can use to provide education about AIDS is provided. Sixth, a bibliography of publications relevant to school health education about AIDS is offered.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

School nurses' perceptions of childhood obesity.

A random sample of 250 nurses from the American School Health Association membership were sent a questionnaire concerning childhood obesity; 88% responded. Most (85%) believed normal weight was important to children's health and that school nurses should be role models by maintaining normal weight (77%). Most also believed counseling children and their parents about weight loss was difficult (71%) and that schools need to do more to alleviate childhood obesity (65%). At least 75% believed all schools should offer a comprehensive health curriculum with units on nutrition and weight control. Likewise, all schools should eliminate "junk food" machines and make special low-calorie lunches available. Only 25% felt competent to prescribe weight loss programs for children, and only 30% found counseling about weight loss professionally gratifying. One-fourth believed, that with proper guidance, children could lose significant amounts of weight or maintain that weight loss. The nurses believed in the importance of normal weight, but appeared skeptical of children's abilities to lose weight as well as their own abilities to provide children with guidance to do so. Finally, they perceived a need for schools to be more active and involved in dealing with childhood obesity.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Elementary school principals' perceptions of childhood obesity.

This survey assessed school principals' perceptions regarding childhood obesity and the schools' role in dealing with the problem. A randomly selected group of 300 school principals was obtained from the National Association of Elementary School Principals; 227 (76%) administrators returned the questionnaire. Fifty-one percent of the principals believed normal weight was important to child health. Although 35% believed schools were not doing enough to alleviate childhood obesity, responses suggested principals oppose schools becoming obesity treatment centers. They do not believe teachers or parents would support such programs. They perceived the school's role to be educational and referral in nature. However, they supported elimination of "junk food" machines (71%) and provision of low calorie lunches (60%). They believed school nurses play the most important role in treating childhood obesity at school.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Induction of labour in twin pregnancy.

Labour was induced in 32 high-risk twin pregnancies and the outcome compared with that in 32 twin pregnancies ending in spontaneous labour. No significant differences were found between the groups in terms of duration of labour and mode of delivery, and there were no failures of induction. Perinatal outcome was compared by measuring Apgar scores and cord arterial blood pH levels. There were no significant differences between the groups. Problems of management of labour are discussed and it is considered that induction of labour is an acceptable form of management of high-risk twin pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

AIDS, the schools, and policy issues.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) first was reported in the United States in May 1981. As many as two million Americans may be infected with the AIDS virus and that number could approach five million within five years. This article reviews the discovery of AIDS and describes the biology of the disease. The problem of AIDS among children is discussed and implications for school policy decisions are cited.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗