Biomedical subjects

J Grellet

Publications and source records attributed to J Grellet.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

[Renal tolerance of iodinated low osmolality contrast agents. Clinical and experimental aspects].

The low osmolality iodinated contrast agents (ICA), ionic or non ionic are now suggested too replace the usual high osmolality ICA. The main arguments are the better clinical tolerance and a lower renal toxicity. Recent experimental studies have clearly demonstrated that the low osmolality ICA presents a lower renal toxicity. On the rat, we have confirmed that the in vivo renal toxicity of low osmolality ICA, is lower than the high osmolality ICA toxicity. It is clearly demonstrated on man than the enzyme urinary excretion and proteinuria are little or not modified by the low osmolality ICA, but both are increased by high osmolality ICA. These changes are found with a normal glomerular filtration flow. No difference are noted in the creatinine concentration and clearance follow-up. However it is possible that the necessary population of patient to get statistically significative differences between both agents can be superior to the number of patients studied. In clinical practice, we think, that low osmolality ICA must be used for patients presenting one or several risk factors of acute renal failure.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Perception errors in detecting advanced colorectal cancers using a double-contrast enema].

The authors provide a didactic analysis of the errors in perception that can lead to false-negative findings in the detection of advanced rectocolonic cancers with double-contrast enema. They consider 5 categories of images as typical, ie. transverse or horizontal linear opacities, abnormal lumen due to haustral folds on semiaxial views, "pool sign", amputation of the cecum and irregular hypertrophy of the ileocolic valve. These mistakes will become exceptional if the double-contrast images are studied thoroughly using precise rules, and the percentage of false-negative findings in the detection of rectocolonic cancers should thus be reduced to 1%.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Nyctohemeral variations of cyclosporine administered orally in renal transplant patients].

The circadian intraindividual variations of cyclosporin blood concentrations were studied in nine renal transplant patients at steady state. The cyclosporin was administrated orally twice a day (9 a.m. and 21 p.m.). Blood concentrations were analysed by H.P.L.C. AUC = area under the drug concentration versus time curve, Cmax = maximum blood concentration, Cmin = minimum blood concentration, Tmax = Time to maximum concentration. Statistical analysis (t, Wilcoxon) shows: AUC, Cmax and Tmax are not significantly modified, Cmin (21) less than Cmin (9) (p less than 0.02). This phenomenon seems to be rather a cyclosporin metabolism variation than an absorption alteration.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Focal infectious lesions of the renal parenchyma. Comparative contribution of echography and x-ray computed tomography].

Nineteen cases of focal infectious lesions of renal parenchyma studied included 10 cases of acute focal bacterial nephritis (AFBN) and 9 of abscess, cases of pyelonephritis without radiological signs being excluded from this report. Each patient had been investigated by intravenous urography (IVU), ultrasound and CT scan imaging. Comparison of value of the different radiological explorations showed that urographic signs were inconstant and only weakly specific, the most valuable examination being CT scan imaging. The latter images show hypodense zones, clearer with contrast, of a rather triangular form and either single or multiple in AFBN, and mainly nodular images in abscess cases. Ultrasound is of intermediate value, being of high performance in cases of abscess but failing to demonstrate AFBN in about half the cases. However, it should not be totally neglected because of its case of access.

Abscess↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Rectosigmoid hemangioma: diagnostic value of associated phleboliths. Apropos of a case].

When confronted with rectorrhagia in a young patient, combining a straight abdominal examination with a barium enema investigation may reveal the presence of phleboliths, atypical by their large number and central localization, and orientate towards the rare diagnosis of a colorectal hemangioma.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Intra-arterial chemotherapy for hepatic metastases. Experience of the Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital Group].

Intra-arterial chemotherapy of hepatic metastases is theoretically interesting because of the essentially arterial blood supply of these metastases in contrast with the healthy tissue and because of the theoretical pharmacokinetic advantage for certain drugs, depending on their quotient of hepatic extraction and the wole body clearance. We have treated 43 patients with this technique. The primary cancer was a cancer of the colon in 10 patients, a breast cancer in 16 patients, a melanoma in 7 patients and cancers of other sites in 10 patients. The chemotherapy was initially administered by selective catheterisation of the hepatic artery via an axillary approach and usually consisted of a bolus injection of adriamycin 40 mg/m2 and mitomycin 10 mg/m2 and an infusion of 5 FU 1 g/m2 for 24 to 72 hours. In 15 patients, we surgically implanted a subcutaneous reservoir and catheter. To date, we have performed 114 arterial injections via the catheter and 60 injections into sub-cutaneous reservoirs. We have observed few complications, apart from thrombosis of the axillary artery (3 cases) and of the hepatic artery (5 cases). We have obtained 4 complete responses, 16 partial responses, 8 stabilisations, 10 failures and, unfortunately, 5 patients died rapidly after a single course of chemotherapy and could not be evaluated. The response rate was particularly high for the breast cancers (about 60 percent) and the cancers of the colon (more than 50 percent). We have also observed 3 complete responses in patients treated by intravenous chemotherapy with the same protocol.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied