Accidents in the under fives.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to J Golding.
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Methods of studying birth order effect after controlling for final number of pregnancies or the elimination of women with a large number of pregnancies are shown to produce misleading results. The 'cascade' method of analysis is only valid in any population where birth limitation is practised if all pregnancy histories are included and there are no efforts made to control for number of pregnancies. It is suggested that in populations where any form of birth control is practised, so-called longitudinal analyses of perinatal risk should be treated with great caution.
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The progress is described of the longtudinal cohort study based on all children born in England, Scotland and Wales in one week of April 1970. The children and their mothers have been surveyed at birth, at five, and recently, at ten. Analyses of the data presented include the finding of improved intellectual outcome in children who had been immunized against pertussis, compared with poor intellectual outcome in children who had had hospital admissions for the disease itself. Preliminary data collected at 10 show that routine hearing and vision testing during the child's school life fell short of recommended standards. The major aim of the 10-year-old contact, however, is to establish details of the national prevalence and pathogenesis of disability. The identification of disability uses a life skills questionnaire, medical history and examination.
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1 The effects of two doses of delta 9THC (2.5 and 10 mg), delivered by paced smoking of herbal cigarettes, on CNV magnitude, subjective mood ratings and heart rate were studied in 20 subjects. 2 There were highly significant interactions between drug dosage and Extraversion and Neuroticism scores, so that the direction and degree of response to the different doses of delta 9THC depended on the personality characteristics of the subjects. 3 The effects of 9 mg delta 9THC and placebo, delivered in herbal cigarettes smoked naturally, on smoking behaviour, subjective mood ratings, measures of autonomic activity and auditory and visual cortical evoked responses were compared in 12 subjects. 4 Smoking behaviour, subjective 'high' rating and elevation of heart rates were the most significant discriminators between drug and placebo. The latency of some of the components of the visual evoked responses was also increased by delta 9THC. 5 There was a significant correlation between the effects of delta 9THC on skin conductance reactivity and the basal (pre-drug) level, reactivity increasing after drug in subjects with low basal reactivity and decreasing in those with high basal levels. 6 Both experiments provided clear evidence of dose-dependent biphasic stimulant and depressant actions of delta 9THC on both subjective and objective measures, and these effects were influenced by the personality and the starting state of the subjects.
The postneonatal death rate was studied for 332 infants from 160 families, ascertained through an abused proband. There were nine deaths compared with 2.9 expected from the legitimacy, social class, age, and parity distribution (p = 0.003). All but one of the babies died at home, and all were referred to a coroner or procurator fiscal. No adequate explanation of death could be found in four cases. Bonding problems probably existed in most of the nine families before death occurred.
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